"十二五"期间凤城市5种主要林业有害生物灾害损失评估

根据凤城市"十二五"期间林业有害生物发生情况,筛选出美国白蛾、日本蚣干蚧、栗山天牛、杨干象、杨树烂皮病5种主要林业有害生物作为灾害损失评估对象,进行直接和间接经济损失评估计算。结果表明,凤城地区"十二五"期间5种主要林业有害生物造成的年均损失为61 376.777万元,其中,直接经济损失87.218万元,间接经济损失为61 289.559万元。     

辽阳地区林业危险性有害生物杨树烂皮病风险分析

参照国际上林业有害生物危险性分析(Pest Risk Analysis,简称PRA)方法,从有害生物的分布状况、定殖和扩散的可能性、潜在的危害性、寄主植物的经济重要性以及危险性的管理难度等方面进行定性和定量分析,对杨树烂皮病的危险性做出综合评价,其风险评估值(R)为1.49。评价结果表明,杨树烂皮病在辽阳地区属中度危险性的林业有害生物,具有扩散蔓延的危险,对绿化、农田林网、防护林体系构成较大的威胁,应积极采取有效措施除治。     

Selective control of mite and collembolan pests of pastures and grain crops in Australia

Control of invertebrate pests in broad-acre agriculture largely relies on the application of broad-spectrum pesticides, however resistance problems and environmental concerns are driving a search for alternatives including more selective products. Here we explore the feasibility of using novel chemical groupings in the control of problematic pests that attack germinating pastures and grain crops in Australia. A modified laboratory bioassay is described for testing the response of several invertebrate pests to pesticides that have contact and systemic/translaminar properties. Two contact pesticides (fenitrothion and gamma-cyhalothrin) and three pesticides with strong systemic/translaminar properties (lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin and diafenthiuron) showed promise for control of the collembolan Sminthurus viridis and four mite pests (Halotydeus destructor, Balaustium medicagoense, Penthaleus falcatus and Bryobia sp.). No single pesticide emerged as the most efficacious against all these pests, highlighting the need for correct pest identification before making control recommendations. Incorporating these new chemical options into pest control programs may help to control emerging pests and counter pesticide resistance issues. Selective pesticides in particular are likely to be compatible with integrated control programs that promote the establishment and maintenance of beneficial natural enemies.     

泡桐栽植与管理技术探析

从栽植方法、抚育管理以及病虫害防治等方面,介绍了泡桐丰产栽培的技巧。     

Ecologically Based Strategies for Pest Control in Grassland Ecosystems

The researches were carried out in 2007, 2008 and 2009 at Cluj-Napoca （Romania）, in laboratory and field conditions （grassland ecosystems）, in four experiments. Our purpose was to study and use some ecological pest control methods based on indirect and direct strategies： （1） the harmful fauna monitoring in grassland ecosystems and useful fauna identification （by visual control, manually collecting, striking method on a tarpaulin）; （2） the use of some physico-mechanical and biotechnical methods （use of barriers-vessels, repellents, attractant traps-alimentary, visual） to control the pests. The researches concerning the indirect strategies, carried out from Mars 2007 to September 2009. There were identified 28 pest species and 29 useful ones. The direct strategies to control the pests consisted of 3 experiments. The use of colored traps with water （August 2008） on a meadow with ryegrass and clover, in 6 variants （white, silver, orange, green, blue and red） ＋ control （yellow）, recorded a very good efficacy at all variants excepting the red trap （variant 6）. The use of repellents （August 2008）, absinth decoction （against aphids and ants）, bracken extract （against aphids and snails）, common tansy decoction （against ants and soil pests） and kaolinite （against a large amount of pests）, recorded good results removing the pests. The attractant traps with alimentary baits （beer）, meant the use of 10 vessels on a 1000 m2 area, which captured 200 slugs （August 2009）. All three methods recorded a good efficacy against the pests.     

中国柞树主要害虫名录(Ⅱ)

记述了我国有关鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)钩蛾科(Drepanidae)、尺蛾科(Geometridae)、蓑蛾科(Psychidae)、鹿蛾科(Amati-dae)、枯叶蛾科(Lasiocampidae)、家蚕蛾科(Bombycidae)、大蚕蛾科(Saturniidae)、天蛾科(Sphingoidae)共8个科的柞树主要害虫80种,分别介绍了害虫的中文名称、学名、寄主种类及主要分布区域,为有效控制尺蛾类、枯叶蛾类等柞树主要害虫的发生与危害提供相关的基础信息。     

高寒地区日光温室娃娃菜栽培技术

介绍了娃娃菜的播种育苗、苗期管理、定植、病虫害防治和采收技术。     

农用有机硅喷雾助剂在害虫化学防治中的应用

随着化学农药过量施用造成的污染逐年加大,农用有机硅喷雾助剂在农业领域化学防治中的应用在近年来得到更进一步的重视。简要介绍了农用有机硅助剂的发展概况,润湿性、展扩性和渗透性等三大优良性状,回顾了有机硅助剂在农业害虫防治领域的应用进展。最后,进一步强调了农用有机硅喷雾助剂在化学防治中节药省水的功效,并提出了需要注意和进一步研究明确的问题。     

Benefits of a maize–bean–weeds mixed cropping system in Urubamba Valley,Peruvian Andes

Abstract

In the Urubamba Valley, Peruvian Andes, we evaluated the abundance of insect pests and natural enemies in experimental plots where maize was grown either as monoculture, intercropped with beans, or intercropped with beans plus associated weeds. We also assessed the consequences of the cropping system for maize yield. The main insect pests recorded were Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Carpophilus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Pagiocerus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), and their overall abundance did not differ among crop diversity treatments. However, there was a significant adverse effect of crop diversity on the maximum abundance of both Carpophilus and Pagiocerus. The main beneficial arthropods were Paratriphleps sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), ladybirds and spiders, and their density did not differ among treatments. Maize yield did not decrease with increasing plant diversity. The reported benefits of intercropping, together with the associated efficiency in land use, make this traditional agricultural practice a valuable alternative to the use of pesticides, particularly for resource-poor Andean farmers.     

水稻二化螟性诱测报与防治技术研究

为了研究二化螟诱剂的诱蛾能力与测报效果,进行二化螟性诱剂与灯光诱捕的测报对比试验.结果表明:二化螟性诱剂具有较强的诱蛾能力,其诱娥量高于灯光诱捕的诱蛾量,且受环境影响较小,诱测结果能够反映出二化螟当年发生的实际情况;二化螟性诱剂防治示范试验表明,性诱剂对二化螟有较好防治效果,可作为绿色防控的有效手段之一.