Increased production of green mussels (Perna viridis) using longline culture and an economic comparison with stake culture on the north coast of Java,Indonesia

The effectiveness of green mussel (Perna viridis) cultivation was compared between longline culture and the traditional bamboo stake method using different mussel densities in a rural area on the north coast of Java, Indonesia. The study took place in a rural area about 2 km north‐east from the city of Semarang where unsustainable shrimp and fish pond culture in the past has led to massive mangrove loss, spiralling environmental degradation and socio‐economic disintegration. Mangrove‐friendly alternatives for a sustainable socio‐economic recovery of local livelihoods are urgently being sought. Longlines were more successful than the stake method in spat collection. Longlines also showed a small but significantly higher relative weight gain and specific growth rate for mussels than bamboo stakes. Mussels in lower densities showed higher survival and grew to larger individual sizes, but initial seeding density had no significant effect on relative weight gain or specific growth rate per stocking. Slightly lower set‐up costs and time investment and somewhat higher yields for longlines give an almost twofold higher income per time unit of own time invested by the farmer for longline culture over the traditional stake culture method. The profitability of mussel culture using the stake method is below the average hourly wage for skilled labour, but above that when using the longline method. We conclude that green mussel culture using the longline system is feasible as an alternative to less sustainable forms of livelihood for the local communities in mangrove areas.     

大蒜绿圆跳虫的发生规律与防治

绿圆跳虫是陕西省一种严重危害大蒜的新害虫。３月下旬至５月初虫口数量最多，田间最高有虫株率平均４０％，虫株平均有虫８头以上。虫口增长的适温为１５～２０℃，适宜相对湿度为５０％～７５％，高温高湿时虫口数量剧降     

N-硝基二苯基脲衍生物的除草活性研究

测定了6个N-硝基二苯基脲衍生物( Ⅰ )在500 mg/L浓度下对稗草Echinochloa crusgalli和绿苋Amaranthus viridis的除草活性,从中筛选出两个化合物 Ⅰ b 、 Ⅰ e 做系列浓度试验。结果表明,它们对稗草、绿苋均表现出一定的抑制活性,且随着浓度增加,抑制活性增强。     

玉米和狗尾草光周期敏感性的比较研究

光周期是影响植物生长发育的关键因素之一。玉米和狗尾草都是短日照禾本科植物,且都具有光周期敏感性。对玉米和狗尾草的光周期敏感性比较研究,探索易于研究的狗尾草光周期敏感性机理,借以解析玉米光周期敏感性反应的机理。以玉米自交系CML288、黄早四和狗尾草自交系A10为材料,研究在长日照、短日照和在不同生育时期长短日照相互挪移处理下的光周期反应。结果表明,玉米和狗尾草在长日照条件下都表现出营养生长旺盛和生育期延迟,二者在长日照条件下的光周期敏感阶段都比短日照条件下的光周期敏感阶段长;玉米在进入光周期敏感期之前有一段时间的光周期钝感期,而狗尾草从发芽出苗就直接进入光周期敏感期。两个光周期敏感程度不同的玉米自交系比较,光周期敏感自交系CML288比光周期相对不敏感自交系黄早四的光周期敏感阶段长。     

绿色巴夫藻对褶皱臂尾轮虫的饵料效果试验

运用单体培育法和群体培育法研究了绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)等4种藻类对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)的饵料价值并测定了它们对褶皱臂尾轮虫被甲长、被甲宽和侧棘距的影响。结果表明,绿色巴夫藻和亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)的饵料效果分别明显地优于大溪地等鞭金藻(Tahitian Isochrysis aff.galbana)和小球藻(Chlorela sp.)(P<0.01),而绿色巴夫藻与亚心形扁藻之间及大溪地等鞭金藻与小球藻之间无显著差异(P>0.01)。不同藻类对褶皱臂轮虫的被甲长、被甲宽和侧棘距有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。     

绿色微囊藻等不同食物对大型生长和脂类成分的影响

The growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna fed with Microcystis viridis and Chlorella spp respectively and 20% fish oil + 80% yeast and yeast were studied. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of Daphnia magna (rm) was 0.243 fed with Microcystis viridis, 0.301 with Chlorella spp., 0.244 with 20% fish oil + 80% yeast and 0.193 with yeast. The result showed that：Daphnia magna fed with Microcystis viridis had lower growth rates than that fed with Chlorella spp. an d 20% fish oil + 80% yeast which both had full fatty acids. And the Daphnia magna fed with yeast was the lowest. So the fatty acids composition of diet may affect the growth of Daphnia magna. This paper further examined total lipids and main HUFA (EPA and DHA) compositions of the continuous three generations of Daphnia magna (in order to get rid of t he effects of former diet) fed with different of above diets (except the yeast). The result showed that:the three generations of the D. magna fed with Microcystis viridis had the lowest total lipids and the percentages of the HUFA (EPA, and no DHA) have a significant decrease and get the lowest EPA in the final experiment because of the very low HUFA especially EPA and DHA in Microcystis viridis. So the results indicate that Microcystis viridis with low HUFA made the lower growth rate, spawn ing rate and hatching rate of Daphnia magna.     

Development and evaluation of microsatellite markers for identification of individual Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus) in a selective breeding programme

A set of 49 microsatellite loci isolated from the endemic New Zealand Greenshell™ mussel, Perna canaliculus, were evaluated for inclusion in a parentage assignment marker suite by assessing their ease of PCR amplification, allele scoring and conformity to Mendelian inheritance in hatchery-produced families. Ten polymorphic loci (mean H_e = 0.78 and polymorphic information content (PIC) = 0.72) were identified as being suitable for parentage assignment. These 10 microsatellite loci gave a combined non-exclusion probability of < 0.001 (probability that an unrelated parent pair will not be excluded from parentage of an arbitrary offspring), based on allele frequencies from 16 broodstock mussels. Simulations predicted an assignment success rate of 99.9% with all 10 loci and > 95% with the best 5 or more loci (mean PIC = 0.84). In actual parentage assignments, 124 offspring from 8 full-sib families were assigned to the correct parent pair with 4 or more loci. We found evidence for null alleles and extensive size homoplasy in many loci, highlighting the importance of thoroughly characterizing and evaluating microsatellite markers prior to parentage assignment and other applications.     

厚壳贻贝脂溶性提取物抗炎生物活性研究

    以我国海洋养殖的主要贻贝品种之一厚壳贻贝为材料,通过大鼠棉球肉芽肿和佐剂诱导的关节炎模型研究厚壳贻贝脂溶性提取物的抗炎生物活性.结果表明厚壳贻贝脂溶性提取物具有很强的抗炎生物活性,能显著抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿和大鼠佐剂性关节炎原发性和继发性症状,其抗炎生物活性比新西兰绿唇贻贝脂溶性提取物稍低或与之相当.这为进一步把贻贝作为具有抗炎保健功能的食品或具有自主知识产权的纯天然安全有效的新型抗炎药物开发利用提供了理论基础和依据.     

翡翠贻贝糖胺聚糖的制备及其生理活性初探

探讨了翡翠贻贝中提取糖胺聚糖的蛋白酶水解及乙醇沉淀等条件，所制备的翡翠贻贝糖胺聚糖含GAG72.1%，经动物实验，当剂量为80mg/kg体重时，对昆明小鼠移植性肿瘤S-180的抑瘤率可达52.4%，且有增强免疫力的活性。     

翡翠贻贝糖胺聚糖的制备及其生理活性初探

探讨了翡翠贻贝中提取糖胺聚糖的蛋白酶水解及乙醇沉淀等条件，所制备的翡翠贻贝糖胺聚糖含GAG72.1%，经动物实验，当剂量为80mg/kg体重时，对昆明小鼠移植性肿瘤S-180的抑瘤率可达52.4%，且有增强免疫力的活性。