Nutritional and Antioxidative Attributes of Green Mussel (Perna viridis L.) from the Southwestern Coast of India

ABSTRACT

The present study reports the biochemical composition of Perna viridis from the southwestern coast of India. A balanced essential to nonessential amino acid ratio (0.7:1.1) along with the optimum and balanced quantities of vitamins, mineral nutrients, and low cholesterol contents characterized P. viridis. The n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio of P. viridis was found to be 3.7:5.3 and therefore may serve as an alternative to balance the higher intake of n-6 fatty acids. High oxyradical scavenging capacity (24–32%) and total phenolics (2–5 mg GAE^?1) suggest the nutraceutical potential of P. viridis.     

Effects of Nitrogen on the Competitiveness of Echinochloa colona and Amaranthus viridis with Direct-seeded Rice

Information on weed competitiveness responses to added nitrogen （N） is required to assist with the development of appropriate fertilizer management strategies where weed competition is anticipated. A greenhouse study was conducted to examine the effects of four N rates on the competitive ability ofEchinochloa colona and Amaranthus viridis grown together with direct-seeded rice. Rice and each weed species were grown in a replacement series design at added N rates of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha1. Replacement series diagrams for relative yield showed that competitive ability ofE. colona increased with added soil N. Values of weed aggressivity index for E. colona also significantly increased with the addition of N in the soil. In the absence of added N, A. viridis was more competitive than rice but this relationship slightly changed as N was added. However, values of weed aggressivity index of were statistically similar at all N rates. The results suggest that the competitiveness ofE. colona increased with added soil N, and A. viridis unchanged by soil N levels. Both weed species were different in their response to higher N levels. Information gained in this study could be used to demonstrate the importance of effective weed and fertilizer management.     

吉林狗尾草种群对烟嘧磺隆抗性水平和靶标抗性机理初探

为明确吉林省玉米田狗尾草Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.对烟嘧磺隆的抗药性水平和抗性分子机理,测定了两个抗药性狗尾草种群R1、R2和一个敏感种群S对烟嘧磺隆的抗药水平,并检测了不同种群间乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)基因序列差异。结果显示:R1、R2种群抗药性指数分别为21.8和23.9。扩增狗尾草ALS基因序列发现,相较于敏感种群,R1种群在376位点由GAT突变为GAA,R2种群在376位点由GAT突变为GAG,两种突变均导致天冬氨酸替换为谷氨酸(Asp-376-Glu)。表明狗尾草R1和R2种群对烟嘧磺隆产生抗性是由于靶标ALS基因突变导致,研究结果为科学防控抗药性狗尾草种群提供了理论基础。     

翡翠贻贝肾CYP4基因表达受多氯联苯影响的研究

[目的]了解多氯联苯(PCB)对翡翠贻贝肾中细胞色素P450第4亚族(CYP4)基因表达的影响。[方法]从野生翡翠贻贝cDNA中扩增得到了翡翠贻贝CYP4基因和β-actin基因的部分cDNA序列,并根据所得序列设计定量PCR引物,以β-actin为内参基因,以SYBRGreenI为荧光染料,利用荧光定量PCR对经PCB暴露处理后的翡翠贻贝肾中CYP4基因表达水平进行定量测定。[结果]PCB暴露处理对翡翠贻贝肾中CYP4基因的表达有明显的诱导作用,并且这种诱导作用对CYP4表达水平的影响与PCB暴露处理的时间以及浓度有相关性。[结论]该研究为CYP4基因作为生物大分子标记物在环境监测领域的应用提供了分子生物学水平的支持,同时为海水双壳类动物体内CYP4基因功能的研究提供了有益线索。     

融合杀虫基因对甘蔗的遗传转化

[目的]利用MAR序列介导转基因表达及融合杀虫基因,以期克服外源基因失活,增强抗虫基因表达能力,延缓昆虫抗性的发生,获得高抗虫转基因甘蔗植株.[方法]以甘蔗品种ROC25为材料,进行愈伤组织、芽苗分化和生根的Hyg抗性筛选试验.利用农杆菌介导,将含MAR序列介导融合杀虫基因(AVAc-CpTI)导入甘蔗基因组.[结果]愈伤组织增殖、出芽时Hyg的最佳筛选浓度为50 mg/L,生根时Hyg的最佳筛选浓度为30 mg/L.获得13个MAR序列介导转基因表达基因系,48株Southern杂交阳性甘蔗植株;获得8个无MAR序列介导转基因表达基因系,7株Southern杂交阳性甘蔗植株.MAR序列介导转基因表达使转化过程中转基因系的获得数量提高了62.5%.[结论]建立了ROC25的潮霉素抗性筛选体系;MAR序列介导融合杀虫基因进行甘蔗遗传转化,可提高甘蔗外源基因转化效率.     

大青叶蝉卵块空间分布型的研究

１９９０～１９９２年在新疆阿克苏等地，对大青叶蝉卵块分布进行了研究。结果表明：杨树干上大青叶蝉卵块呈聚集分布，分布的基本成分是个体群，由于卵块主要集中于树干０～５０ｃｍ处，致使株间卵块聚集程度减少，有偏向随机分布的倾向。根据聚集均数（λ）判断，其是大青叶蝉的生物学特性即成虫产卵习性所决定的。当ｔ＝１．９６，Ｄ＝０．３时，全株树干不同卵块密度所需最大抽样数ｎ＝４７５５．１７／Ｘ＋２．２７５３；树干０     

应用种间杂交方法进行谷子抗除草剂育种的初步研究

野生青狗尾草与中国栽培谷子进行杂交,并用浸有氟特力溶液的小培养皿进行发芽试验,快速鉴别F2代的抗除草剂性能。抗性被隐性基因控制,但更确切的结果有待进一步试验。氟特力不同用药量的选择试验表明,对氟特力抗性与敏感不同的谷子品种在 0~2.4 L/hm2 的处理表现不同,抗型品种的抗性大约是敏感型抗性的5倍。为我们选育谷子抗性新品种提供了依据。     

Two pathogens of Greenshell™ mussel larvae, Perna canaliculus: Vibrio splendidus and a V. coralliilyticus/neptunius-like isolate

Bacterial pathogens of Greenshell™ mussel (GSM) larvae can cause batch losses during hatchery production. Twenty-two isolates were screened using a larval bioassay. Two strains were identified as potential pathogens. Phenotypic identification of these strains revealed two non-reactive Gram-negative, oxidase positive rods. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene identified Vibrio splendidus and a V. coralliilyticus/neptunius -like isolate as pathogens of GSM larvae, with an ability to cause 83% and 75% larval mortality in vitro , respectively, at a concentration of 10² CFU mL⁻¹. Histopathology indicated that the route of infection was via the digestive system. Using healthy larvae as target hosts, Koch's postulates were confirmed for the two isolates. This is the first report on pathogens of GSM larvae.     

STUDY ON INSECT-REPELLENT COMPONENTS IN THE VOLATILE OILS CASTOR LEAVEST

InChina,castorplantinghasalonghistory,andfromtheancientthecastorasafolkmeasurewasa1readyusedtocontrolpests[l'2'3J.Inresentyears,someforestfarmsplantedcastorsaroundnurserytocontro1pestswithobviouseffects.Thesefactsprovedthatcastorsmaycontainssomespecialsubstanceswhichhavenaturalanti-insecteffectandabroad-spectrum.0neoftheauthorsdiscoveredthatcastorspossessedastronginsectrepellentfunctionintheresearchoncontrollinggreenleathopper[TettigonielIavirde(L.)1,whichobviouslycomefromthevolatilesubstanc…     

翡翠贻贝糖胺聚糖的制备及其生理活性初探

探讨了翡翠贻贝中提取糖胺聚糖的蛋白酶水解及乙醇沉淀等条件，所制备的翡翠贻贝糖胺聚糖含GAG72.1%，经动物实验，当剂量为80mg/kg体重时，对昆明小鼠移植性肿瘤S-180的抑瘤率可达52.4%，且有增强免疫力的活性。