饥饿对不同体重组团头鲂肌肉和血清生化成分的影响

在水温20±1℃条件下,研究饥饿对不同体重团头鲂（141.3±4.23g,96.5±2.88g和76.8±3.17g）肌肉和血清生化成分的影响。结果表明各实验组体重均在饥饿14d后出现显著下降（p<0.05）,至28d时平均降幅为18.78%。饥饿过程中肌肉水分和粗灰分含量均逐步上升,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量则持续下降,粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量分别在饥饿14d和21d时出现显著下降（p<0.05）。血清中血糖浓度相比甘油三酯和总胆固醇对饥饿更为敏感,饥饿7d后即出现显著下降（p<0.05）,总胆固醇浓度在饥饿14d后差异尚不显著（p>0.05）,21-28d期间才显著下降（p<0.05）,甘油三酯浓度则在饥饿期间持续显著下降（p<0.05）。上述结果说明饥饿对团头鲂肌肉和血清生化成分的影响显著（p<0.05）,体重差异对上述主要指标的影响不显著（p>0.05）。     

Fatty acid utilization during the early larval stages of Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) and Common snook (Centropomus undecimalis)

The pattern of conservation and loss of fatty acids from the yolk sac during the endogenous feeding period and subsequent starvation was studied in pompano and snook larvae. Fundamental information on the early fatty acid dynamic and mobilization of pompano and snook larvae was collected. In both species, fatty acids were utilized as an energy source after hatching. Mono‐unsaturated fatty acids were catabolized, while saturated and poly‐unsaturated fatty acids were conserved. High levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) in pompano and snook eggs, as well as selective retention in the unfed larvae suggest a high dietary requirement for this fatty acid during the early stages of larval development. The effect of an ARA supplementation was therefore investigated in snook larvae at the rotifer feeding stage. The fatty acid profile of the larvae was successfully influenced to match that of wild eggs; however, no significant improvement in growth or survival was observed. Future research should be carried out over a longer period of time and include factors related to stress resistance.     

黄鳝仔鱼饥饿试验与不可逆点的确定

【目的】确定黄鳝（Monopterus albus）的初次摄食期和不可逆点（PNR）,为提高人工繁育黄鳝苗成活率和饵料利用率提供理论依据。【方法】对刚出膜黄鳝仔鱼分别进行饥饿试验和正常投喂试验,观察卵黄囊吸收、仔鱼生长及初次摄食率的变化,分析饥饿对仔鱼生长、形态和行为的影响,确定其不可逆点。【结果】在25～28℃的水温条件下,黄鳝仔鱼于5日龄（出膜后第6d）开始向外界摄食,8日龄卵黄囊吸收殆尽,5～8日龄为混合营养阶段,9日龄摄食率达到峰值（96%）,16日龄进入饥饿期;在饥饿状态下,8日龄仔鱼体长达最大值（3.20±0.0760cm）,此后略有下降但基本保持稳定,仔鱼体重于7日龄达最大值（0.0205±0.0533g）,此后不断下降;饥饿仔鱼的肥满度一直呈下降趋势,进入不可逆期后体色逐渐发黑,身体呈非正常扭曲,摄食能力极大降低,外界干扰时出现颤抖、打转现象直至死亡。【结论】在25～28℃的水温条件下,黄鳝仔鱼的最佳投喂时机在8日龄,16日龄抵达不可逆点。     

黑缘红瓢虫成虫的耐饥力研究

在完全不提供食物的条件下黑缘红瓢虫成虫的耐饥力进行测定,试验结果表明：其阶段死亡率（M）与存活时间（T）之间可以用正态分布曲线拟合。而成虫的LT50取曲线中参数μ的值。同时LT50与成虫发育时间（t)之间也有线性相关关系：LT50=3.1385 1.9324t,即随着成虫发育,其饥饿耐受能力逐渐增强。     

Hydroponic experiment for identification of tolerance traits developed by rice Nagina 22 mutants to low-phosphorus in field condition

Development of phosphate (P)-deficiency tolerant rice cultivars is constrained by lack of suitable, reproducible, and consistent seedling stage screening methods in breeding programs. This study reports the screening and characterization of M5 mutants derived from an ethyl methane sulfonate treated population of rice cv. Nagina 22 (N22) in low-P field (soil Olsen P 1.94–2.01 mg kg^?1; alkaline Vertisol; pH 7.94) for high yield. The present study showed that seedling growth responses such as increase in root weight, root length, root/shoot weight, and dry weight in P-deficient medium can be taken as indices of low-P tolerance in mature plants in field. Total phosphorus content in seedlings showed an inverse relationship with total phosphorus content and low-P tolerance in mature plants in the field. But, phosphorus content in seeds and acid phosphatase activity in the seedling stage were positively correlated with survival and seed set in low-P field. In low-P field, plant height correlated most with yield per plant, and the number of productive tillers in mature plants was highly correlated with tiller number at vegetative stage. These mutants (NH776, NH710, and NH719) have agronomic importance because of their ability to grow and give higher yield than N22 in P-deficient field.     

Internal Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation to Aluminum Toxicity and Phosphorus Starvation in Three Tropical Forages

Many tropical forage grasses and legumes grow well in acid soils, adapting to excess aluminum (Al) and phosphorus (P) starvation stresses by using mechanisms that are still unclear. To determine these mechanisms, responses to Al toxicity and P starvation in three tropical forages were studied: two grasses, Brachiaria hybrid cv. ‘Mulato’ (B. ruziziensis clone 44-06 × B. brizantha cv. ‘Marandú’) and Andropogon gayanus, and one legume, Arachis pintoi. The tropical grasses tolerated high levels of Al toxicity and P starvation, with the Brachiaria hybrid maintaining very low levels of Al concentration in shoots. ²⁷Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis revealed that, in the Brachiaria hybrid, Al makes complexes with some ligands such as organic-acid anions in the root symplast. The forages probably adapted to P starvation through high P-use efficiency. These experiments provide the first direct evidence we know of that organic acid anions within root tissue help detoxify Al in non-accumulator species such as the Brachiaria hybrid.     

柱花草磷饥饿响应基因SgPHR1和SgPHR2的克隆与表达分析

低磷胁迫是限制作物生长和产量的重要因素之一。磷饥饿响应因子PHR（phosphate starvation response）是植物磷信号调控网络中的关键因子,具有调控植物磷平衡的生物学功能。本研究在柱花草（Stylosanthes guianensis）中克隆到转录因子SgPHR1和SgPHR2基因。SgPHR1和SgPHR2基因cDNA全长分别为1413 bp和849 bp,编码470和282个氨基酸残基,蛋白分子量分别为51.4 kD和30.9 kD。SgPHR1和SgPHR2均为SANT家族成员,包含MYB蛋白结构域和CC蛋白结构域,并具有多个潜在的磷酸化位点。亚细胞定位预测表明,SgPHR1和SgPHR2均定位于细胞核中。实时定量PCR结果表明,SgPHR1基因在柱花草根和叶中的表达量高于茎中的表达量,而SgPHR2基因在叶中表达量显著高于根和茎。缺磷（-P）和缺氮（-N）处理均显著增强了SgPHR1和SgPHR2在柱花草根中的表达。不同缺磷时间处理结果进一步表明了SgPHR1和SgPHR2在转录水平上响应低磷胁迫,暗示SgPHR1和SgPHR2可能参与了柱花草对低磷胁迫的应答。本研究结果为解析柱花草响应低磷胁迫的分子机制提供了候选基因。     

饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响

研究了饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响.于21±1℃条件下,在室内水族箱内对鲫鱼进行了为期28d的饥饿实验,分别在饥饿开始后的0、7、14、21、28d取样并测定了其血液生理生化指标和全血粘度.结果表明血液中红细胞数和红细胞压积分别在饥饿后7d和14d内显著下降,而白细胞数和红细胞沉降率分别在饥饿后7d和21d内显著上升;鲫鱼血清中的血糖对饥饿特别敏感,在饥饿后7d内明显下降(P＜0.05),此后几周变化不明显(P＞0.05);总蛋白和白蛋白在饥饿后7d内均有所增加,然后下降;谷丙转氨酶活性在饥饿后14d内明显下降,甘油三脂和总胆固醇在饥饿后21d内明显下降;饥饿对鲫鱼血清钙离子浓度和碱性磷酸酶活性没有显著性影响.全血粘度值在饥饿后14d内下降,随后全血粘度值逐渐增加,到饥饿后28d时仍低于正常值.结果提示,饥饿对鲫鱼大部分血液生理生化指标和血液流变学性质有显著性影响.     

拟南芥跨液泡膜磷转运蛋白基因突变体的初步筛选

观察分析了拟南芥的编码转运蛋白和其相关基因,构建了T-DNA突变体。利用野生型拟南芥和构建的T-DNA突变体拟南芥在形态学上的差别,发现了一株可能新的耐磷突变体。通过对野生型拟南芥和磷饥饿突变体的对比分析,可以为植物在耐磷方面的研究提供重要的线索。