Carbon Fluxes from Different Pools in a Mined Area under Reclamation in Minas Gerais State,Brazil

Despite the benefits of grass cultivation and organic fertilization in mining areas undergoing reclamation, these practices may be associated to CO₂ emissions and soil organic matter (SOM) losses by priming effect. In the present study, we evaluated the changes on SOM pools and C–CO₂ emissions in a bauxite‐mined area under reclamation fertilized with poultry litter (PL) (0, 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha⁻¹) and cultivated with Brachiaria brizantha . Increases of about 3·5 times in the soil labile C were observed 1 year after experiment establishment. High C–CO₂ fluxes and a significant positive priming effect were observed in the presence of B. brizantha , increasing native C mineralization by nearly 4·9 times. Nevertheless, no net soil C loss was detected, probably because of the C inputs derived from B. brizantha , which offset these losses. In fact, the grass increased total organic C by 45% when fertilized with 40 Mg PL ha⁻¹. The data obtained suggest that the cultivation of B. brizantha fertilized with PL can be a promising option for rapid recovery in SOM in areas under reclamation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用固体废弃物生产商品砂浆

砂浆是一类重要的建筑材料,砂浆的商品化是建筑业实施节能减排的重要方面。发展商品砂浆可以实现节约资源、减少污染。     

以電化學分析法探討堆肥對土壤三價砷活性的影響

台灣西南沿?貐^土壤中砷含量有偏高情形,砷含量過高會經由各種途徑對人體造成毒害。以X-射線繞射儀與傅立葉轉換紅外線吸收光譜儀證明普魯士藍對三價砷的孯恍晕綑C制,再以普魯士藍修飾電極搭配流動注入系統來偵測土壤三價砷,並探討堆肥對三價砷在不同土壤中吸附與脫附的影響。試驗結果得知電化學分析技術可快速、簡便且準確地偵測土壤三價砷,且結果中也指出堆肥處理會增加秀水與後里土壤對三價砷的吸附。此外,三種土壤不論有無施用堆肥,脫附百分率的大小順序爲興大>秀水>後里,其中秀水土壤雖在施用堆肥後吸附力大小明顯增加,但脫附百分率下降的情形較不明顯,顯示黏土礦物種類與含量控制三價砷的脫附行爲。     

Use of Agro‐industrial Organic Compound: Yield and Nutrient Absorption in Wheat

Abstract

This study, focusing on the cultivation of wheat, consisted of applying an organic compound to the soil for a period of 2 years. The organic compound was made from a mixture of organic residues from a jelly industry (bovine chips and sharings) and other residues from a sugar‐alcohol industry. The mixture was applied at random into the intergrowth lines in a top‐dressing process, without incorporation, and in cumulative increasing doses. In the first year, the applications ranged from 2 to 25 t ha; in the second year, the applications ranged from 8 to 75, in wheat plants. Comparing the results of the chemical treatment to the organic application, it was observed that the organic compound increased the yield of wheat during the 2 years. Furthermore, the organic compound did not contaminate the plants, such as in the absorption of nutrients by the grains, once they have presented normal patterns of nutrient concentrations.     

Calcium Effects on Acetic Acid Toxicity in Rice

Recent soil‐management practices such as no‐tillage and minimal tillage, when applied to the irrigated rice crop, promote changes in soil composition as a result of anaerobic degradation of organic matter. Several short‐chain organic acids are formed, such as acetic acid. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of calcium (Ca) on plant development under stress by acetic acid toxicity. The experiment was conducted in hydroponics by testing different Ca (0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mmol L^?1) and acetic acid (0 and 2.5 mmol L^?1) concentrations. The variables evaluated were the root system morphological parameters (total length, radius, area, dry‐matter weight, and main root growth), shoot parameters (shoot dry matter, plant height), and concentration and total accumulated nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Ca, and magnesium (Mg) in the plants. The growth of the root system and the shoots of rice plants were not affected by the addition of Ca to the treatments containing acetic acid.     

新型城镇化发展中的低碳策略探讨

分析了低碳经济时代城镇发展的理念更新,指出高速城镇化进程中的误区,高耗能建筑的制约及城镇文化缺失对城镇更新带来的影响,并探讨低碳环保理念促进的城市更新策略,认为应对“过度”城镇化进行反思,在城镇建设改造过程中引入低碳理念并考虑聚落的文化复兴,提倡低碳的生活方式.     

油茶壳及油茶麸堆制有机肥研究初报

将油茶壳和油茶麸配置成4种不同比例进行有机肥沤制试验，结果表明油茶壳与油茶麸3：1时所堆沤成的有机肥中有机质及N、P、K含量较高。建议今后在油茶生产中进行有机肥堆沤时，油茶壳和油茶麸按3：1配比，以达到较优的养分效应。     

Research on Magnetic Activated Carbon by XPS

DIntroduction'Asonekindofimportantedbent,activatedcarbo11wasusedinlnoreandl11orefieIds.MagneticactivatedcarbonisbecoIninganinterestil1gsubjectfOrsoIvi11gseparationofactivatedcarbo11i11thisfieId.Mag11eticactivatedcarbol1wl1ichusemagneticreagentandacti-vatedcarbonasrawmateriaIl1asmal1yadva11tagesl'Isuchasgiantspecificsurface'weII-distributiOI1al1d firmly-combined1nagl1e1ism.ButtI1eadsorptivemechanismoftl1emagneticreage11tol1activatedcarbonisstiIIunknown.X-rayphotoelectronpectroscopy(X…     

烘箱加热法测定橡胶树不同器官有机碳含量

用烘箱加热法、油浴法、沸水浴法测定橡胶树不同器官的有机碳含量。烘箱加热法与油浴法的测定结果差异不大，相对偏差为0.05%～1.98%，平均为0.78%，相关系数r为0.904 3，有很强的线性相关性；烘箱加热法与沸水浴法的试验结果相近，相对偏差为0.12%～1.31%，平均为0.88%，相关系数r为0.842 5，达极显著水平。试验结果表明：用烘箱加热法代替常规的油浴法或沸水浴法，具有准确性高，重现性好，快速，结果稳定的优势。此法操作简便，快速，适用于批量样品的分析。     

水稻苗床施用叶面肥效果初探

为进一步提高秧苗素质，获得高产、稳产，在苗床上进行了叶面肥肥效筛选试验。通过叶面肥单施、混施试验，结果表明。地福来与皇嘉天然芸苔素混用、地福来与爱丰腐殖酸有机肥混用，壮秧效果较好。