模拟酸雨淋溶下不同母质发育雏形土矿物风化中的盐基离子与硅计量关系

土壤矿物风化过程中释放的盐基离子(BC)与硅(Si)的比值(BC︰Si)是定量评估土壤矿物风化对土壤酸化过程缓冲作用的基础,是准确估算当前环境下土壤酸化速率的依据。本研究以云母片岩、片麻岩和安山岩3种母质发育的湿润雏形土为研究对象,测定了其土壤物理、化学和矿物学性质。通过洗脱实验除去土壤交换性盐基以消除土壤胶体吸附的交换性盐基离子对矿物风化计量关系的影响,再利用模拟酸雨淋溶实验,采用Batch方法获取3种不同母质发育土壤的盐基离子和硅的释放量,进一步估算BC︰Si值。结果表明,由于母岩不同,土壤黏粒、pH、有机质、交换性盐基(K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺)、阳离子交换量(CEC)和土壤矿物含量存在差异。在模拟酸雨淋溶实验条件下,未洗脱盐基土壤的BC︰Si值为洗脱盐基土壤的3倍以上,因此只有洗脱土壤交换性盐基才能获得来自风化过程的BC︰Si值。同一母质发育土壤的腐殖质表层(Ah)BC︰Si最小,母质层(C)最大。不同母质发育土壤的BC︰Si值表现为：片麻岩>云母片岩>安山岩,土壤中斜长...     

艾维茵父母代肉种鸡强制换羽研究

采用饥饿法对艾维茵父母代肉种鸡进行强制换羽观察,试验鸡群6 369只,为62周龄母鸡.换羽前平均体重4 230 g,产蛋率35%.对换羽期死淘情况、体重变化、产蛋率变化进行观察记录.结果表明:强制换羽后42天见蛋,见蛋后6周产蛋率上升到66%,种蛋平均合格率95%以上;恢复产蛋前死亡155只,占全群2.43%,第2周死亡最多,达38只;换羽第4周累计失重920 g,失重率21.7%.该次换羽结果较理想.     

豫麦35和豫麦70的选育及育种策略探讨

为了总结育种经验，推动小麦育种工作的不断发展，从育种目标和技术路线的制定等方面，分析了豫麦35、豫麦70两个优良品种的选育过程。结果表明，采用有效的基因累加的方法，创造亲本，选用亲本，对大量的杂种后代突出重点，优中选优，定向选择，是选育小麦优良品种的一条基本育种策略。     

甲鱼出血性败血症的诊疗

简述了甲鱼出血性败血症的病症、病理变化、病原菌的分离和鉴定、动物回归试验的结果，以及采用敏感药物对患病甲鱼施治的经过和疗效。     

扇贝亲贝配合饲料的研究

“配合饲料”以植物蛋白质和碳水化合物为主，加以适量各种添加剂，经科学调配混合组成。蛋白质含量２５－２６％，脂肪８４－１２９％，碳水化合物４３－５６％，并含有扇贝亲贝性腺成熟必需的微量元素和其他促进性腺成长发育的重要成分。经饲喂试验表明：亲贝性腺指数提高２０－３０％，亲贝成活率９８％，比对照提高２６％，亲贝产出优质精、卵，受精卵的孵化率９３％，饲料成本降低５０％，是一种完全可以代替单胞藻喂养扇贝亲贝的优良配合饲料。     

虾夷扇贝控温育苗高产技术研究

净化海水，控制水质理化因子，选择合格亲贝，搞好亲贝控温促熟和产卵孵化，并采取换水充气，倒池施药，兼用光合细菌等措施培育虾夷扇贝幼虫。结果：单位水体平均虾夷扇贝出库苗760万粒／m3。     

Inheritance of shell colours in the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis (Bivalve: Pectinidae)

The noble scallop Chlamys nobilis is polymorphic in its shell colour, which includes orange, orange‐purple, purple and brown. In this study, the inheritance of shell colours of this species was investigated by analysing shell colour segregation in juvenile scallops produced from cross‐fertilization. Totally, twenty two families derived from four types of parental crosses were produced. The results clearly demonstrated that shell colour in this species was consistently inherited but insensitive to the environmental factors given that each family was maintained in a common environment. The pattern of the four superficial shell colours in C. nobilis appears to be genetically controlled by the interaction of one pair of nonallelic genes, with one locus showing dominance epistasis to the other one. One‐locus‐three‐allele model was proposed to explain the genetic relationship of the orange‐purple colour dominant to the purple and brown colours, and the purple colour dominant to the brown colour. While the phenotypic ratio of 12:3:1 detected in one specific family showed that the dominant allele of the other locus controlling orange colour may mask the effect of the locus controlling orange‐purple, purple and brown colours. The present results provide a genetic basis for selective breeding in the noble scallop in terms of shell colour.     

Responses of scallop biodeposits to bioturbation by a deposit‐feeder Apostichopus japonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea): does the holothurian density matter?

The deposit‐feeding holothurians can reduce the negative impact of bivalve farming by feeding and reworking bivalve wastes (biodeposits) in the context of co‐culture. To test effects of the bioturbation by holothurians of different densities on bivalve wastes, a stocking density regime of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (35.4 ± 1.2 g, mean ± SE) was set at 0.0, 6.6, 13.2 ind m^?2, and responses of the biotic parameters including chlorophyll a concentration (Chl. a), bacterial biomass and the abiotic ones as oxidation‐reduction potential (ORP), organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and organic phosphorus (OP) in biodeposits discharged by Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis were investigated. Results showed that A. japonicus grew in a density‐dependent manner, and the density‐dependent effect on both biotic and abiotic parameters in biodeposits were also observed. Apostichopus japonicus stimulated a transfer process from reduction to weak reduction state of the biodeposits with a trend of higher density holothurians stimulating the process more. Furthermore, A. japonicus significantly controlled the bacterial abundance and Chl. a, as well as reducing the contents of OM, OC, TN and OP in the biodeposits. Yet, the response of abiotic parameters delayed rather than that of biotic parameters, underling the biotic parameters could be more sensitive to bioturbation than the abiotic ones. Our study suggests that the bioturbation of A. japonicus plays an important role in retarding organic waste accumulation and cleansing nutrients in bivalve farming wastes under co‐culture condition and the bioremediation capacity may be closely dependent on its stocking density in practice.     

国审小麦品种偃展4110遗传基础分析及育成品种

对国审小麦品种偃展4110遗传基础进行分析,结果表明:偃展4110聚合了4个品种的优良基因,尤其是外源基因的导入和豫麦18的2次应用,使高产、早熟、抗病、抗倒、抗寒、抗干热风等优良基因在较高层次上得到了聚合重组,实现了丰产性与稳产性、早熟性与抗寒性的有机结合,从而促使偃展4110高产潜力加大,综合抗逆性增强,适应范围更广。最后对以该品种为亲本育成的新品种(系)进行了总结。     

海湾扇贝亲贝、幼虫和稚贝对二氧化氯耐受性的研究

为确定二氧化氯对海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)亲贝、幼虫和稚贝的安全用量范围,本实验研究海湾扇贝亲贝、D型幼虫、眼点幼虫和稚贝对不同浓度二氧化氯的耐受性。按照亲贝、D型幼虫、眼点幼虫和稚贝的先后顺序进行4个独立实验,每实验设6个不同的二氧化氯浓度,每浓度设三个重复,每实验持续时间为24 h,分别在12 h和24 h测定二氧化氯对亲贝和幼虫死亡率的影响。结果表明,海湾扇贝亲贝、D型幼虫、眼点幼虫和稚贝对二氧化氯均具有较强的耐受性,其安全浓度分别为20 mg/L、5 mg/L、10 mg/L和10 mg/L。