几种精油对马铃薯种薯储藏期的生理生化影响

为明确柠檬、肉桂、香茅以及大蒜精油对马铃薯种薯储藏期间生理生化的影响,测定了精油处理储藏45 ～ 90 d后,对中薯2号抑芽、重量损失、呼吸速率、α-淀粉酶、过氧化物酶以及总糖含量的影响.结果表明,从马铃薯种薯储藏后45 ～ 90 d内,大蒜精油处理种薯萌发率为1.88％ ～10.33％,呼吸速率为1.48 ～10.55 mg CO2·g-1·h-1,过氧化物酶活为353.37 ～ 176.23 U·g-1·min-1,而在60 ～90 d内重量损失率为51.67～105.93 mg/d,可溶性糖含量为7.07～12.87 μg/g,均与对照差异显著.研究表明,大蒜精油可作为马铃薯种薯抑芽剂延长休眠.     

α-硫辛酸对热应激绵羊生长性能、抗氧化及免疫的影响

本试验旨在研究α-硫辛酸(α-LA)对热应激绵羊生长性能、抗氧化及免疫的影响,以期阐述其抗热应激的机理。选择4～5月龄、体重35～40 kg的绵羊15只,随机分为对照组(CTL)、低剂量组(LA-L,添加600 mg/kgα-LA)、高剂量组(LA-H,添加900 mg/kgα-LA),在热应激条件下(7～8月)饲喂40 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,α-LA添加组平均日采食量增加,低剂量组和高剂量组分别比对照组增加了7. 3%和2. 7%(P> 0. 05);高剂量组血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性及α-LA添加组血浆中丙二醛(MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)含量显著下降(P<0.05);α-LA添加组血浆中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P <0.05)。2)与对照组相比,α-LA添加组肝脏中炎性相关因子IL-1β、IL-8、核因子-κB(NF-κB) mRNA表达量显著下降(P <0.05),抗炎因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)mRNA表达量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上,α-LA显著增强热应激绵羊的抗氧化能力,减少炎症相关因子的表达,增强抗炎因子的表达,提高机体免疫机能,且与α-LA剂量有关。     

抑制膳食相关酶活性的红曲霉菌株的选育

为弄清红曲霉在降脂减肥方面的作用,进一步开发红曲产物类药物应用于市场,以产红曲红色素的红曲霉菌株为出发菌株,经60Co诱变,对抑制与膳食相关的α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶3种酶活性的红曲霉菌株进行了选育。结果表明:选育出1株能显著抑制3种与膳食相关酶的突变菌株M3-19,菌株M3-19液体发酵产物对α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶有明显的抑制作用,抑制率分别为55.83%、25.4%和31.5%。经传代10代遗传稳定。     

小花棘豆中毒对和田羊脑组织α-甘露糖苷酶的影响

探讨小花棘豆中毒对和田羊脑组织α-甘露糖苷酶(AMA)的影响,进一步揭示小花棘豆的毒性作用机理。将12只和田羊随机分为3组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组。试验组每日分别按每千克体质量10 g和20 g的剂量饲喂小花棘豆,饲喂至典型中毒症状出现为止。试验第35天屠宰后每组采集试验羊的全脑,检测和田羊不同脑区AMA活性及表达的变化。结果显示和田羊脑组织中高尔基体α-甘露糖苷酶Ⅱ(AMA1)和溶酶体α-甘露糖苷酶(AMA2)均有表达,但各试验组表达转录水平与对照组差异显著,试验Ⅰ组和田羊各脑区的AMA2的表达均与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和田羊小脑AMA2的表达显著低于对照(P0.05),其余脑区AMA2的表达均与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组和田羊小脑和丘脑AMA1的表达极显著低于对照(P0.01),大脑AMA1的表达显著低于对照(P﹤0.05);试验Ⅰ组和田羊小脑AMA1的表达显著低于对照(P0.05),其余脑区AMA1的表达均与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明不同剂量小花棘豆均可降低和田羊脑组织AMA活性及其mRNA表达量,小脑、大脑和丘脑是其主要作用的靶区,小花棘豆毒性成分可通过影响AMA活性导致和田羊发生中毒反应。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫MIC4-N的真核表达

应用RT-PCR技术扩增柔嫩艾美耳球虫的MIC4-N端基因并去掉信号肽,为了表达检测和纯化的方便,设计引物时改变了3＇端的终止密码子,使MIC4-N的C末端带有c-myc和6His抗原标签。通过双酶切,使加工好的MIC4-N基因连接到毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA上,转化JM109感受态细胞。再经EcoRⅠ与NotⅠ双酶切、菌落PCR及测序鉴定,证明目的基因与真核表达载体pPICZαA构建成功,单酶切重组表达载体、电转转入GS115酵母感受态细胞中。用含高浓度Zeocin的YPD平板筛选酵母菌落,菌落PCR法鉴定转化成功的阳性菌,在BMMY培养基中摇瓶培养,并用甲醇诱导,经SDS-PAGE及Western Blot鉴定,蛋白分泌表达成功。     

α-萘乙酸对茉莉水培生根及根尖解剖结构的影响

研究了水培条件下不同浓度α-萘乙酸(α-NAA)对茉莉(Jasminum sambac Ait.)枝条生根及根尖解剖结构的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的α-NAA对茉莉水培生根率、生根数和根长均有显著影响,以200 mg/Lα-NAA浸泡2 h处理的生根效果最好,培养30 d时生根率达100%,平均每株生根16.6条,平均根长3.5 cm。与蛭石扦插(CK)相比,随着α-NAA处理浓度的增加,水培处理所生根尖的根冠长度、气腔的数量和大小均有所增加。     

Association of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 promoter polymorphisms in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their household contacts of younger age group

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cytokine genes have been found to be involved in the clinical outcome of Tuberculosis. The present study was aimed to identify the high risk genotypes in Tuberculosis patients and their household contacts. A total of 490 subjects were studied which includes 150 active pulmonary tuberculosis patients (APTB), 190 household contacts (HHC) and 150 healthy controls (HC). The SNPs of TNF-α (-308A/G), IL-10(-1082G/A) and IL-6(-174G/C) were performed by ARMs PCR. The IL-10 GA genotype showed significant association in APTB and HHC and was 2.3 times higher risk in APTB and 3.7 times in HHC compared to HCs. The A allele was found to be significantly associated with the risk of disease. The CC genotype of IL-6 was found to be significantly associated in APTB and an insignificant positive association in HHCs. The multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis indicated that the genotypes of IL-6 were showing high risk with GA genotype of IL-10. In conclusion the gene interaction may be useful for identification of genotypes as biomarkers to distinguish high risk individuals.     

17α-甲基睾酮对稀有鮈鲫精巢DNA甲基转移酶基因表达的影响

[目的] 以稀有鮈鲫雄鱼为研究对象,探讨17α-甲基睾酮（17α-methyltestosterone,MT）对稀有鮈鲫精巢甲基转移酶（DNMT）基因相对表达量的影响。[方法] 采用不同浓度MT（25、50和100 ng/L）处理稀有鮈鲫雄鱼7、14和21 d,处理结束时,每组随机解剖10条鱼,取精巢组织,Trizol一步法提取总RNA,实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测DNA甲基转移酶基因（dnmts）相对表达量。[结果] MT处理稀有鮈鲫雄鱼7 d,25 ng/L MT处理组（P<0.05）、50 ng/L MT处理组（P<0.01）和100 ng/L MT处理组（P<0.05）精巢dnmt3基因相对表达量显著（或极显著）降低;25 ng/L MT处理组和50 ng/L MT处理组精巢dnmt5基因相对表达量显著（P<0.05）降低;50 ng/L MT处理组精巢dnmt7基因相对表达量显著（P<0.05）降低。MT处理稀有鮈鲫雄鱼14 d,100 ng/L的MT处理组dnmt3、dnmt5、dnmt6、dnmt7基因相对表达量显著（P<0.05）升高;50 ng/L的MT处理组dnmt1基因相对表达量极显著（P<0.01）升高。MT处理稀有鮈鲫雄鱼21 d,50 ng/L MT处理组和100 ng/L MT处理组dnmt1基因相对表达量显著（P<0.05）升高;100 ng/L MT处理组dnmt8基因相对表达量极显著（P<0.01）升高。[结论] MT可以干扰稀有鮈鲫精巢DNA甲基转移酶基因dmmts的mRNA表达。MT对DNMTs酶活性的影响以及是否可以通过改变DNA甲基化水平对稀有鮈鲫精子的发生产生影响有待研究。     

Improving the Field Emergence Performance of Super Sweet Corn by Sand Priming

Abstract

A priming method called sand priming was developed using sand as a priming solid matrix. The effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of five super sweet corn cultivars was investigated. Sand priming significantly improved field emergence performance of all super sweet corn cultivars, and there was marked improvement by priming at 20ºC for 24 hr. After sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr, field emergence percentage (FEP) of “Green Superman”, “Huatian 1”, “Yangtian 1”, “Mitian 8”, and “Chaotian 43” was increased by 52.1%, 37.5%, 38.0%, 40.9%, and 33.3%, respectively. Their field emergence speed (FES) was 2.3, 1.8, 2.0, 2.0, and 1.8 times of the control, respectively. To further elucidate the effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of super sweet corn, we analyzed the membrane system integrity, α-amylase activity and protein content. Sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr improved membrane system integrity and α-amylase activity in all super sweet corn cultivars. Furthermore, sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr accelerated the degradation of embryo protein after 1 d germination in “Green Superman”.