猪圆环病毒病原学研究进展

猪圆环病毒(porcine circovirus,PCV)有2种不同的血清型,即猪圆环病毒1型(PCV1)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)。目前研究表明PCV1暂无致病性,但PCV2则被认为是引起猪圆环疾病(PCVDs)的主要病原。很多地区养猪业的经济效益因此而遭受了重大的影响。PCV现已受到全球的关注,引起了许多专家学者的高度重视。本文对PCV的病原学最新研究进展进行了综述。     

贵州省三次产业结构变动效应分析

依据2001—2011年贵州省产业结构及经济增长统计数据,从产业结构以及就业角度,运用产业结构偏离度和经济计量模型分析方法,对贵州省产业结构的变动对经济增长的贡献进行了实证研究。结果表明:第三产业对经济增长的贡献最大。应着力提高第三产业的比重,优化三次产业结构,促进经济增长。     

山东近海石鲽的同工酶分析

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究山东半岛南岸海阳近海石鲽同工酶的组织特异性及群体遗传结构。结果表明，石鲽的眼、鳃、肌肉、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏和鳍条共8种组织的17种同工酶表达有明显的组织特异性。对肝脏和肌肉两种组织的AAT、ADH、EST、GPI、G3PDH、IDHP、LAP、LDH、MDH、MPI、PGDH、PGM、SDH和SOD等14种同工酶进行了遗传学分析，共记录了21个基因座位，其中，GPI-2^*、JDHP-2^*、MDH-1^*、MPI-1^*、PGM-3^*、SDH^*共6个基因座位呈多态，其多态座位比例为0．2857(P0.99)，平均观测杂合度和预期杂合度分别为0．0321和0．0283，平均有效等位基因数为1．3650，遗传偏离指数均大于零。石鲽和圆斑星鲽同工酶比较分析表明，二者在AAT^*、ADH^*、GPI-1^*、IDHP^*、LDH^*、MDH-1^*、MDH-2^*、MDH-3^*、MPI-1^*、PGM-1^*、PGM-2^*、SOD^*和SDH^*存在基因置换或近于基因置换，两种间的遗传距离为1．3117。     

团头鲂血清抗病毒半乳糖凝集素样蛋白的分离与鉴定

将草鱼出血病病毒(GCHV)的结构蛋白与Sepherose-4B偶联制备亲和柱，经亲和层析从团头鲂血清中分离到一种蛋白，能凝集兔红细胞，其血凝性依赖于β巯基乙醇的存在。红细胞凝集抑制实验证实该蛋白与D半乳糖有最高的亲和力，其次为甘露糖。梯度PAGE测得其分子量约为240000，SDS梯度PAGE证实该蛋白由分子量为15000的单个亚基组成，亚基之间没有共价连接。以上特性与半乳糖凝集素相符，故称其为团头鲂抗病毒半乳糖凝集素样蛋白。抗体阻断试验证实，此种凝集素样蛋白是团头鲂血清抗病毒及红细胞凝集活性的主要成分。N末段的氨基酸序列为Lys-Val-Asn-Leu-Asp-Glu-Lys-Cys-Pro-Phe，检索GenBank，未发现与这一段序列同源的蛋白质。     

Assessing adult Trichoptera communities of small streams: a case study from Charnwood Forest,Leicestershire, UK

1. Adult caddisflies were collected using non‐attracting Malaise traps at four sites on a small headwater stream from May to November 1990. Sites S1 and S2 were most natural and upstream of a reservoir; where S3 was located in the bypass channel, and S4, downstream. 2. The flight period for each species is recorded to provide baseline data. Flight activity patterns fall into two groupings: (a) species with a flight activity of 3–4 months, and (b) those species with a short flight period of up to 6 weeks. 3. Sixty‐one species from 15 families were collected, including the endangered Red Data Book species Tinodes pallidulus McLachlan. 4. Significant differences in community parameters are shown among all sites, many species apparently having local catchment areas. The influence of artificial habitats, the open bypass channel and adjacent reservoir, is clearly demonstrated. 5. The data illustrate the potential of using adult caddisflies in conservation assessment of small streams. Working with adults is taxonomically rigorous and they are useful bioindicators of the environmental quality of the valley floor corridor. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Incisor ridge modification of the mandibles in freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus

The differences in the ridge structure of the mandibles of different size Astacus leptodactylus (32–80 mm carapace length, CL) were investigated. The results showed that a modification occurs with an increase in size in the incisor ridge of mandibles in A. leptodactylus. The results also showed that A. leptodactylus possesses four different types of ridge structure in the mandibles. These are: (1) Incisor ridge with big teeth (dentate crenate), (2) Blade-like incisor ridge with numerous small teeth, (3) Blade-like ridge (toothless), (4) Blunt ridge. In conclusion, it is thought that the incisor ridge modification of the mandibles may cause the difference in the food choice of different size A. leptodactylus, because, crayfish possessing different ridge structures of the mandible may probably feed on different type of food.     

海鳗消化道的显微结构

采用大体解剖和光镜技术研究了海鳗(Muraenesax cinereius)消化道形态学和组织学。海鳗消化道分化为明显的食道、胃和肠。食道皱襞多且粗大，黏膜为复层上皮，部分区域为单层柱状上皮。上皮中含两种类型的杯状细胞，以杯状细胞层次多为显著特征，此外还有嗜酸性细胞。肌层厚。浆膜中纤维发达，伸人肌层并与黏膜下层相连。胃“Y”形，分为贲门部、盲囊部和幽门部，盲囊部发达。胃上皮为单层柱状上皮，贲门部和盲囊部胃腺发达，至幽门部胃腺逐渐消失。肠短，由具微绒毛的单层柱状上皮构成，小肠前段绒毛分支多且相互吻合，毛细血管丰富，平滑肌多。直肠单层柱状上皮与假复层纤毛柱状上皮共存。海鳗消化道组织结构特点反映了其凶猛、食肉、食量大的食性特点。     

Life history and ecology of the glowbelly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acropoma japonicum</Emphasis> in the Uwa Sea,Japan

ABSTRACT:   The life history and ecology of the glowbelly Acropoma japonicum a commercially important fishery resource, were investigated in the Uwa Sea, Japan. Newly settled juveniles (0⁺) appeared at the end of the breeding season and reached maturity in the next season, i.e. when they became yearlings (1⁺). The yearlings made a gametic effort comparable to that of older fish. During the breeding season, the somatic conditions were more deteriorated for males than for females. That the deterioration of male somatic conditions was not attributable to a sexual difference in energy gain from feeding suggests that the males incurred higher energetic costs of reproduction despite their relatively low gonadosomatic indices. Such an energy depletion may increase the mortality risk, resulting in female-biased sex ratios in the older age classes. Most of the 1⁺ fish disappeared in winter following their first breeding. For A. japonicum , the observed precocity and short life span is notable because it is a higher consumer that is generally expected to show later maturation and longer life. As possible explanations for their disappearances, predation and postbreeding emaciation were less likely. While fishing is one of the most influential factors, the possibility of age-specific migration toward deeper waters remains to be examined.     

我国上市公司融资结构与优化对策

现代资本结构理论揭示了企业的最优融资顺序为:内部融资——债权融资——股权融资,而我国上市公司的融资行为与现代企业资本结构理论并不一致,表现出较强的股权偏好现象。本文对这种现状的原因进行了分析,并针对这种不合理融资结构所带来的弊端提出了相关建议。