Inhibition of α-amylase purified fromOctopus vulgaris Lam. by albumin inhibitors from wheat flour

Octopus -amylase has been purified to homogeneity by single-step affinity chromatography on Sepharose-bound wheat albumin inhibitors. Two electrophoretically distinguishable isoamylases are obtained, both consisting of a single polypeptide chain with molecular weight 45,000. Octopus -amylase is more effectively inhibited by a monomeric than by a dimeric protein inhibitor from wheat. The inhibition is dependent on pH, temperature, and time of preincubation. Properties are compared with those of other animal -amylases.     

Variations in Weight and Proximate Composition of Newly Hatched Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier 1797) Paralarvae

Abstract

Survival and growth of juvenile octopi vary considerably. The objective of this research was to determine variations in weight, total lipids (TL), and total protein (TP) of newly hatched Octopus vulgaris paralarvae (0 days old) over the course of the spawning period. Newly hatched paralarvae dry weight from three females decreased throughout the spawning period. Similarly, newly hatched paralarvae TL percent decreased consistently (p < 0.05) in two of them and remained similar (p > 0.05) for the third female. Contrary, TP% did not vary regardless of the female or the time of hatching throughout paralarvae spawning. In conclusion, we believe that paralarvae used in O. vulgaris culture should be collected during the first 10 days of spawning, as they are larger and have higher lipid content; this increases the chances of a successful paralarvae culture, which is the major bottleneck in the culture of this species.     

不同温度和体质量对南海野生真蛸呼吸和排泄的影响

采用室内封闭静水式呼吸代谢实验装置, 开展不同水温梯度、不同体质量的南海野生真蛸(Octopus vulgaris)的呼吸代谢实验, 分析了不同水温条件下真蛸耗氧率和排氨率的变化, 不同体质量真蛸耗氧率和排氨率的变化, 以及真蛸呼吸代谢底物O:N比的变化。结果表明, 水温变化对南海野生真蛸耗氧率和排氨率有明显影响, 体质量对耗氧率和排氨率的影响不显著(P<0.05)。在16~32℃实验水温范围内, 不同水温梯度下, 相同体质量南海野生真蛸耗氧率及排氨率呈现先升高后降低的趋势; 相同水温条件下, 随着个体体质量的增加, 南海野生真蛸的耗氧率和排氨率虽有缓慢下降但不明显(P>0.05)。24℃可能为南海野生真蛸呼吸代谢的转折点, 在该水温下, 其耗氧率和排氨率最高, 代谢速率最快, 单位体质量真蛸的耗氧率和排氨率分别为0.86 mg/(g∙h)和36.69 μg/(g∙h)。真蛸呼吸代谢底物分析结果中, 在24~28℃水温变化范围内, O:N比不断增加, 表明真蛸呼吸消耗的能量中蛋白质供能比例不断降低。

     

真蛸及其繁育研究

真蛸(Octopus sinensis)俗称章鱼、红章,主要分布于温带、亚热带和热带海域,是我国南方重要经济物种,具有生长速度快、繁殖力强和经济价值高等特点.真蛸体质量日增长率可达13％,食物转化率15％～43％,80 g幼蛸经过3个月养殖可长至1 500 g,成熟母体产卵量6万～20万粒/只,适于规模化繁育和养殖,是...     

浙江北部沿岸春夏季长蛸时空分布及其与海洋环境的关系

根据2014—2016年春夏季浙江北部沿岸拖网调查数据,选取时空因子(年、月、经纬度)和环境因子(底层温度SBT、底层盐度SBS、深度Depth和溶解氧DO),分析长蛸(Octopus minor)资源的时空分布情况,并利用提升回归树(boosted regression tree, BRT)模型研究各因子对长蛸资源丰度(以渔获量g/h表示)的影响程度。结果表明:2014年的平均渔获量明显高于2015和2016年,同一年中4月份的渔获量均高于其他月份;主要渔获量分布在122.75°E～123.25°E,30°N～30.5°N之间;2015年的渔场重心较其他年份略向北移动,4月至6月间渔场重心向东北方向移动,但变化不明显;选择以学习率(learning rate,lr)为0.001和复杂度(tree complexity,tc)为4的模型来建立时空环境因子与渔获量的关系,发现溶解氧对渔获量的影响最大,占所有影响因子的45.5%;其次为年和盐度,随后依次为深度(10.7%)、底层温度(7.3%)、纬度(4.7%)、月(4.7%)以及经度(2.3%)。相比较时空因子而言,环境因子对长蛸的渔获量影响更大。溶解氧是直接影响长蛸活动的重要因素,后续研究应该对此因子提高关注。     

An insight on Octopus vulgaris paralarvae lipid requirements under rearing conditions

In this study, two new alternative preys: Grapsus adscensionis zoeae (as sole prey) and Palaemon elegans zoeae (in cofeeding with Artemia sp.), as well as, Artemia sp. juveniles were used as feed for octopus paralarvae, as a way to understand its lipid requirements. Total lipid (TL) content, lipid class (LC) and fatty acid (FA) profiles of preys, octopus hatchlings and 9‐day‐old paralarvae were analysed. Growth and survival of the paralarvae were also determined. Regardless the prey provided, a notable shift in the lipid profile of paralarvae was registered after 9 days of rearing. The highest index of growth rate (IGR) recorded when decapod crustacean zoeae were supplied might have some relation with levels of 20:4n‐6 (ARA) and DHA/EPA ratio observed. In this sense, Grapsus adscensionis zoeae leaded to a higher content of ARA and a lower content of EPA, which may indicate a possible competition between these two FA. For that a balanced EPA/ARA ratio might be significant in this species nutrition without disconsidering DHA levels as an essential fatty acid. Finally, the changes observed in paralarvae FA profile might not only be related to prey FA profile, but also with changes occurring in the lipid classes contents.     

长蛸墨囊的组织学及其墨腺超微结构

分析了长蛸墨囊组织学及墨腺细胞的超微结构.结果表明,墨囊由墨囊体、导管和墨腺3部分组成,墨囊壁和导管壁分为外膜、肌肉层、粘膜下层和粘膜层,墨囊壁与肝脏外膜紧密相连,墨囊导管开口于直肠末端近肛门处;墨腺集中在墨囊底部靠近肝脏的一侧,由粘膜上皮细胞向囊腔内增生形成,呈索状,腺体中部含丰富的结缔组织;墨腺细胞分为具有无分泌功能的A型细胞和有分泌功能的B型细胞,微绒毛分布于B型细胞的顶端;墨汁颗粒在墨腺细胞囊泡中形成,并以胞吐或细胞破碎的形式将墨汁颗粒排出.     

Development of low‐lipid formulated feeds with different protein/energy ratios for Octopus vulgaris ongrowing

We studied the feeding and growth rates, feed efficiency and nutritional composition of subadult octopuses (689 ± 77 g) fed low‐lipid diets with two different protein/energy ratios (P/E): Medium P/E diet (30.5 g protein MJ^?1, 662 g kg^?1 protein dry weight (dw)) or High P/E diet (36.8 g protein MJ^?1, 843 g kg^?1 protein dw). Survival was 100% for the Medium P/E and 87.5% for the High P/E diet. The specific feeding rates were 1.91% and 1.67% body weight day^?1 for the Medium P/E and High P/E diet, respectively (P < 0.05). The specific growth rates (0.92% and 1.25% body weight day^?1), feed efficiency indices (47.3% and 72.7%), productive protein value (23.9% and 29.1%) and digestive gland index (5.6% and 6.4%) were significantly better in animals fed the High P/E than the Medium P/E diet (P < 0.05). The proximate composition of the digestive gland was similar for both diets, but the total lipid content of carcass was higher in animals fed the Medium P/E diet (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the protein content of the feed could be a factor regulating feeding rates in octopus.     

中华蛸vasa基因的克隆及表达分析

vasa基因编码的蛋白是DEAD-box (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)蛋白家族成员,对真核生物生殖细胞的形成具有关键作用。本研究使用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)克隆了中华蛸(Octopus sinensis) vasa基因全长,共2438 bp,其中,开放阅读框长2067 bp,编码688个氨基酸,5′-UTR长128 bp,3′-UTR长244 bp (包含A尾巴)。基于ExPASy、Signal 4.1、TMHMM、SMART等在线软件对Os-vasa基因的蛋白质结构进行预测,得出其氨基酸分子量为76 580.53 Da,理论等电点为5.89。无信号肽,跨膜区域没有明显的信号,因此,推测其为胞内蛋白,不属于膜蛋白。该蛋白具有DEXDc和HELICc 2个功能结构域,而且有9个DEAD-box家族蛋白的典型保守区域,表明所得cDNA属于vasa基因家族。使用qRT-PCR对中华蛸各时期胚胎、初孵幼体及2个发育时期的卵巢及雌雄不同组织的表达模式进行分析。结果显示,Os-vasa基因在性腺中特异性表达,且在卵巢中的表达大于精巢,未成熟和成熟卵巢中均有vasa mRNA表达,且未成熟期表达量较高。因此,推测Os-vasa基因可能在卵巢发育过程和功能维持等方面起到重要作用。在中华蛸早期胚胎发育阶段,均能检测到Os-vasa基因转录本,前10 d微弱表达,从第13天开始,表达量逐渐上升,至第19天达到最高。在初孵幼体阶段,Os-vasa分别在第8天和第20天出现最低和最高表达量。本研究结果可为中华蛸原始生殖细胞起源、迁移和分化提供理论资料,有助于加深对中华蛸卵巢发育和卵子发生过程的理解。