不同铵硝配比对辣椒产量、养分积累和氮肥利用率的影响

通过设施大棚辣椒盆栽试验,设置不施氮肥(CK)、铵态氮与硝态氮的氮质量比分别为0:100(A0N100)、25:75(A25N75)、50:50(A50N50)、100:0(A100N0)5个处理,研究不同铵硝态氮配比对辣椒产量、养分积累和氮肥利用率的影响.结果表明,与CK相比,不同铵硝配比处理增加了辣椒的果实数、鲜果...     

莼菜资源利用研究综述及展望

通过分析莼菜的生物学特性、营养特性,对莼菜在营养保健、医学价值、治理污水、净化水质方面的研究现状进行了综述,并对今后的研究方向提出了展望,以期为人们综合利用莼菜资源、为莼菜的深加工应用提供科学依据。     

锦橙的营养特性与施肥技术

通过多年的田间与盆栽试验，探讨了锦橙营养特性与平衡施肥的关系，植株在年周期中的营养变化规律及３个营养关键期；对种植于不同土壤母质上的３种砧木锦橙进行了缺素症状观察及诱因分析；探讨了紫色土锦橙的矿质营养；提出了适宜的施肥量与营养元素比例。     

Micro-scale heterogeneity in urban forest soils affects fine root foraging by ornamental seedlings of Buddhist pine and Northeast yew

Urban soils are frequently characterized by a strong heterogeneity caused by intense anthropogenic activity and land use changes. Soil heterogeneity is commonly known to affect tree root development, but little has been detected concerning root foraging by ornamental trees in heterogeneous urban soils at micro-scale. In this study, Buddhist pine [Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don] and Northeast yew (Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.) were selected as ornamental tree species for a two-year study. In the first-year, seedlings were cultured under contrasting photoperiods to generate different morphologies. In the second year, seedlings were transplanted to pots filled with soils collected from an urban forest. Controlled-release fertilizers (N-P₂O₅-K₂O, 14-13-13) were evenly broadcasted to a half patch of the pot (heterogeneity) or to both halves (homogeneity) on the surface 5 cm beneath the pot-top at the rate of 0.135 g N seedling⁻¹. In the fertilized heterogeneous patch, larger Buddhist pine seedlings had greater dry weight, length, surface area, volume, number of tips, and morphological foraging-precision in fine roots. Compared to Northeast yew seedlings under natural photoperiod in the first year, those under the extended photoperiod had larger size, greater fine root biomass, and length but lower foraging-precision in the second year. N and P concentrations in second-year fine roots mainly increased with the availability of patches generated by fertilization for both species. In conclusion, the ability to forage for nutrients by ornamental tree seedlings in heterogeneous urban forest soils was species-specific. Buddhist pine seedlings had higher foraging precision in heterogeneous urban soils than Northeast yew seedlings due to their response to the extended photoperiod during culture.     

松嫩草原羊草与其主要伴生种竞争与共存研究

基于对松嫩草原优势物种羊草(Leymus chi-nensis)及其主要伴生种的空间分布格局、植物种间关系对割草的响应,以及羊草、芦苇(Phragmites communis)对营养和胁迫的适应性与种间关系的研究,探讨了植物竞争和共存的潜在机制。     

施用不同氮肥对盐碱地湖南稷子生产性能以及养分吸收的影响

为探讨盐碱地湖南稷子(Echinochloa frumentacea)高效生产的最佳施氮种类和施氮量,采用单因素随机区组设计,通过在湖南稷子拔节期设置不施肥(CK)、尿素和硫酸铵(N1,N2)轻施肥(F1:50 kg·hm^-2)、中施肥(F2:100 kg·hm^-2)、重施肥处理(F3:150 kg·hm^-2),研究不同氮肥和施氮水平下湖南稷子田间农艺性状、养分吸收及氮肥利用率的变化,探讨盐碱地湖南稷子实现高效生产的适宜氮肥和施氮量。结果表明：与对照相比,施氮量为F2和F3时能够显著提高盐碱地湖南稷子产量及氮磷钾吸收量(P<0.05),植株不同部位氮含量上升,施氮量F3时能够显著提高氮肥利用效率(P<0.05),且同一施氮量下追施硫酸铵后湖南稷子产量、养分吸收及氮肥利用率均高于尿素。综上所述,氮肥追施量在150 kg·hm^-2时,有利于盐碱地湖南稷子的产量的提升和养分的吸收,且同一条件下追施硫酸铵较追施尿素效果显著。     

Growth and nutrient accumulation of Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) in agroforestry at different fertilizer levels

The Brazil nut tree(Bertholletia excelsa) is a frequent component of agroforestry systems in the Amazon because of its adaptation to nutrient-poor upland soils and multiple uses.We investigated the aboveground biomass production(kg dry weight),nutrient uptake and requirements(N,P,Ca,Mg,K) of Brazil nut trees of different sizes grown under agroforestry conditions and fertilized at different levels.Eight of 70 experimental trees with different size were harvested and stem,branches and leaves were separated.Nutrient contents were determined for three trees of varying size.Average tree growth was fast,but variability was high,suggesting considerable potential for the improvement of this economically important species.The trees responded to increased levels of fertilizer and lime with significantly increased foliar nutrient contents and growth,probably because of the improved availability of Mg and Ca for which the species seems to have a relatively high demand.In contrast to Brazil nut trees grown in forest or dense plantations,the agroforestry trees invested a substantial part of their biomass and nutrients in large branches and developed spreading crowns.To improve stem form,reduce competition with associated crops for light and recycle nutrients,regular pruning of lower branches or planting arrangements that favor self-pruning are recommended.These measures would also increase the recycling of Ca and Mg,large quantities of which are contained in the branches.     

南海南部海域夏季分粒级叶绿素a浓度的分布特征及其影响因素

利用2009年6月南海综合调查数据,分析了分粒级叶绿素a (Chl a) 的分布特征及其影响因素,其结果如下: Chl a浓度为未检出至0.51µg/L,平均值为0.10±0.09µg/L,其自表向底层逐渐升高, 至50m层达到最高值, 而后迅速降低,在100m以深的水体中, Chl a含量很少, 水深达到200m时, Chl a的含量接近于零, 部分站位Chl a含量低于检出限。分粒级Chl a 结果表明, Pico 级Chl a (<2µm) 浓度介于0.022-0.40 µg/L之间, 平均值为0.097±0.072 µg/L, 垂向分布上与Chl a 总量一致, 浓度最高值位于50 m; Nano 级Chl a (2-20µm )浓度介于0.0040-0.12µg/L之间, 平均值为0.016±0.018µg/L, 垂向分布变化不大, 在50m层有一高值; Micro 级Chl a (20-200µm)浓度介于0.0013-0.051µg/L之间, 平均值为0.0065±0.0086 µg/L, 垂向分布变化不大,在表层有一高值。分级Chl a 对总Chl a 的贡献主要以细胞粒径0.7-2 µm的Pico 级Chl a 占优势(81.7±8.89%), 其次是2-20 µm的Nano 级Chl a (13.2±6.19%); 粒径>20 µm的Micro 级Chl a 的贡献最小(5.10±3.72%)。调查海域内普遍存在潜在氮限制因素, 但不存在硅的限制。温度、营养盐浓度及营养盐比值(营养盐限制)、真光层厚度、水文状况是控制不同粒级Chl a 含量及分布的主要因素。     

菊花无土栽培技术研究

采用无土栽培技术，对９０余个品种的２６０余盆菊花进行了营养液配方及基质、栽培方式的试验研究，认为在太原市水质及气候条件下，菊花的无土栽培方式以虹吸式、半液式为宜，营养液配方采用３号配方、１号配方或朱士吾提出的通用配方略加调整。     

一品红无土栽培试验

用5种基质和6种不同的营养液,对一品红生长的影响进行了对比试验,结果表明：以蛭石和珍珠岩组成的基质A,搭配Y2和Y3营养液配方的处理效果较佳。