红碎茶CTC齿辊数控加工及误差统计研究

介绍了自行研制的红碎茶CTC齿辊微机数控加工车床的总体方案，进给系统结构设计以及微机数控硬件系统主要构成、软件功能和加工子程序。利用数理统计学方法，对齿辊3mm节距误差进行了分析研究，结果表明采用微机数控加工齿辊，节距精度得到明显提高。该机同时也保留了普通车床基本功能。     

小缸径直喷柴油机喷雾与燃烧三维数值模拟

应用CFD软件对一台小缸径增压中冷柴油机进行了喷雾燃烧数值模拟,得到了详细的喷雾发展形态、燃油浓度分布和燃烧过程温度场、有害排放物分布等重要信息,为燃烧室结构优化设计和与油嘴匹配奠定基础。计算结果表明,计算示功图与实测值吻合较好;喷油阶段,油束存在碰壁现象,燃烧室凹坑底部燃油浓度较高;随着活塞下行,锥台与凹坑连接处空气运动较弱,燃油浓度较高,同时NOx与Soot生成与混合气浓度、空气运动、温度有密切联系。     

油菜收获机清选装置虚拟样机的建模与仿真实验

针对油菜收获机清选装置的设计及改进过程中存在的各种问题,以DF-1.5型物料脱粒分离、清选仿真与控制试验台为原型,建立风筛清选装置的虚拟样机模型,并对不同机械系统工作参数下,油菜物料在清选装置中的运动规律进行初步的仿真研究。     

带分流叶片的离心泵叶轮三维贴体网格生成

采用泊松方程进行带分流叶片的离心泵叶轮内三维贴体网格的自动生成 ,并通过源项控制来满足网格的正交性及调整网格疏密。计算时根据边界处网格线正交的控制角和控制距离的几何约束确定边界条件 ,利用分块粘接技术生成了带分流叶片离心泵叶轮内的三维分块结构化贴体网格 ,从而提高了流场流动分析中前处理环节的效率和精度 ,能使在湍流计算中广泛应用的壁面函数法的条件容易满足 ,并能使普遍采用的压力第二边界条件直接用于计算中 ,还能满足差分要求 ,减小离散误差。     

Evaluation of the RZWQM-CERES-Maize hybrid model for maize production

The root zone water quality model (RZWQM) was developed primarily for water quality research with a generic plant growth module primarily serving as a sink for plant nitrogen and water uptake. In this study, we coupled the CERES-Maize Version 3.5 crop growth model with RZWQM to provide RZWQM users with the option for selecting a more comprehensive plant growth model. In the hybrid model, RZWQM supplied CERES with daily soil water and nitrogen contents, soil temperature, and potential evapotranspiration, in addition to daily weather data. CERES-Maize supplied RZWQM with daily water and nitrogen uptake, and other plant growth variables (e.g., root distribution and leaf area index). The RZWQM-CERES hybrid model was evaluated with two well-documented experimental datasets distributed with DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) Version 3.5, which had various nitrogen and irrigation treatments. Simulation results were compared to the original DSSAT-CERES-Maize model. Both models used the same plant cultivar coefficients and the same soil parameters as distributed with DSSAT Version 3.5. The hybrid model provided similar maize prediction in terms of yield, biomass and leaf area index, as the DSSAT-CERES model when the same soil and crop parameters were used. No overall differences were found between the two models based on the paired t test, suggesting successful coupling of the two models. The hybrid model offers RZWQM users access to a rigorous new plant growth model and provides CERES-Maize users with a tool to address soil and water quality issues under different cropping systems.     

Inverse Modeling to Quantify Irrigation System Characteristics and Operational Management

Remotely sensed (RS) data is a major source to obtain spatialdata required for hydrological models. The challenge for thefuture is to obtain besides the more direct observable data(landcover, leaf area index, digital elevation model andevapotranspiration), non-visible data such as soilcharacteristics, groundwater depth and irrigation practices.In this study we have explore the option of using inversemodeling to obtain these non-RS-visible data. For a commandarea in Haryana, India, we applied for the 2000–2001 rabiseason a RS-GIS-combined inverse modeling approach to derivenon-RS-visible data required in the regional application ofhydrological models. A Genetic Algorithm loaded stochasticphysically based soil-water-atmosphere-plant model (SWAP) wasdeveloped for the inverse problem and used in the study. Theresults showed good agreement with the inventoried data suchas soil hydraulic properties, sowing dates, groundwaterdepths, irrigation practices and water quality. The deriveddata could be used to predict the state of the system at anytime in the cropping season, which can be used to evaluateoperational management strategies.     

Predicting effects of drainage water management in Iowa's subsurface drained landscapes

Long-term hydrologic simulations are presented predicting the effects of drainage water management on subsurface drainage, surface runoff and crop production in Iowa's subsurface drained landscapes. The deterministic hydrologic model, DRAINMOD was used to simulate Webster (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic) soil in a Continuous Corn rotation (WEBS_CC) with different drain depths from 0.75 to 1.20 m and drain spacing from 10 to 50 m in a combination of free and controlled drainage over a weather record of 60 (1945-2004) years. Shallow drainage is defined as drains installed at a drain depth of 0.75 m, and controlled drainage with a drain depth of 1.20 m restricts flow at the drain outlet to maintain a water table at 0.60 m below surface level during the winter (November-March) and summer (June-August) months. These drainage design and management modifications were evaluated against conventional drainage system installed at a drain depth of 1.20 m with free drainage at the drain outlet. The simulation results indicate the potential of a tradeoff between subsurface drainage and surface runoff as a pathway to remove excess water from the system. While a reduction of subsurface drainage may occur through the use of shallow and controlled drainage, these practices may increase surface runoff in Iowa's subsurface drained landscapes. The simulations also indicate that shallow and controlled drainage might increase the excess water stress on crop production, and thereby result in slightly lower relative yields. Field experiments are needed to examine the pathways of water movement, total water balance, and crop production under shallow and controlled drainage in Iowa's subsurface drained landscapes.     

基于Pro/E的播种机零部件参数化造型

针对旱作节水播种机设计中存在的设计手段落后、设计效率低下等问题，应用基于特征的参数化造型软件Pro/E对旱作节水播种机的零部件进行参数化造型，在对该类播种机开沟器、排种器、地轮等零部件的造型设计中探讨了技术要点，提高了旱作节水播种机修改设计和系列化设计的效率。     

管网中泵破坏瞬变流的数值模拟

建立了管网中泵破坏瞬变流的数值模拟，该模型考虑了泵破坏无量纲非线性边界条件，运用特征线法对方程进行了求解。经验证，证明模型是可靠的，可用于工程分析计算。     

时序进气柴油机缸内分层与燃烧排放特征数值分析

缸内再循环废气(EGR)分布是发动机缸内EGR分层燃烧研究的重点与难点,由时序进气策略通过控制进气组分的充气时段来组织缸内EGR分层分布具有重要意义。以高压共轨重型柴油机为研究对象,采用CFD(Computation fluid dynamics)方法建立全参数数值仿真平台,研究不同时序进气组分经过进气及压缩过程后在缸内的分布特征及其对柴油机缸内燃烧及排放的影响。研究中以CO2代替EGR。研究结果表明,时序进气早期进气组分在气缸底部及燃烧室壁面附近分布较浓,后期进气则在气缸中心顶部分布较浓;时序进气能够获得显著的轴向分层分布;与均匀进气相比,缸内压力和温度偏低,燃烧滞后约0.7°CA,但放热率峰值偏高,NOx排放量降低51.2%,碳烟排放量降低13.4%。