南方双季稻区水田高留茬秸秆还田机作业效果研究

为考察自行研制的南方双季稻区水田高留茬秸秆还田机大田作业效果,以原谷珍香为供试品种进行大田试验,并设置现有的常规秸秆还田机作业进行对照,通过对早稻不同高度的留茬秸秆进行还田作业,考察了该机具的耕作效果,并研究了对后茬晚稻机插质量、群体质量构建及产量和产量构成等指标的影响。结果显示,较对照,同一留茬高度时,经自行研制的南方双季稻区水田高留茬秸秆还田机处理的效果显著,其耕深、耕深稳定性、埋茬深度、耕后地面平整度和植被覆盖率分别平均提升5.18%、4.64%、20.85%、21.61%和4.43%,漏插率、漂秧率、伤秧率和翻倒率分别平均降低28.79%、23.17%、29.84%和45.02%,均匀度合格率和插秧深度合格率分别平均提高1.40%和1.65%,茎蘖数平均提高2.52%～6.62%,SPAD值（移栽后27 d始）平均提高3.59%～6.53%,地上部干物质重（插秧后34 d始）平均提高1.78%～4.81%,穗干重和收获指数分别平均提高3.39%和2.16%,有效穗、穗粒数、千粒重、结实率和理论产量分别平均提高2.52%、1.34%、0.08%、1.41%和5.47%,实际产量平均增产268.86 kg·hm^-2,平均增产率4.09%。该机具对秸秆的留茬高度适应性强,作业效果好,适宜在南方双季稻区水田进行推广应用。     

Linking spatial pattern of bottom fish assemblages with water masses in the North Sea

Understanding the links between large scale spatial structuring of fish assemblages and shaping factors is essential to develop comprehensive ecosystem-based fisheries management. In this study, we investigated spatial patterns of bottom fish assemblages in the North Sea in relation to prevailing water masses in the region. We based our analysis on catch data from the German Small-Scale Bottom Trawl Survey conducted between 1987 and 2005 and used both ordination techniques and Mantel tests. Spatial variability of bottom fish assemblages was larger than inter-annual variability. Five significantly different bottom fish assemblages were associated with the following prevailing hydrographical regimes: i) the English Channel, ii) Continental Coastal, iii) central North Sea, iv) northern North Sea, and v) northern Atlantic water masses. Associations were generated by gradients in relative proportions of abundant species such as grey gurnard ( Eutrigla gurnardus ), dab ( Limanda limanda ), whiting ( Merlangius merlangus ), haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus ) and Norway pout ( Trisopterus esmarki ). Taking into account large scale spatial structuring of catch data Mantel tests confirmed significant correlation between the fish assemblages and hydrographical variables. In summary, our results strongly support the hypotheses that hydrographical features such as water masses, fronts, and residual currents could shape bottom fish associations in the North Sea. Spatial demarcations of bottom fish assemblages indicated by this study can be used to support ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies.     

HPLC-UV检测法测定废水中十二烷基苯磺酸钠

建立了废水中十二烷基苯磺酸钠的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分离紫外检测分析方法．探讨了流动相中甲醇含量、电解质种类、电解质浓度、pH及流速等对分离效能的影响,获得了最佳的色谱分析条件:流动相是V_(甲醇): V_水=80:20(含7 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液,pH=9)．在优化的实验条件下,吸光度在5～18000μg/L范围内与十二烷基苯磺酸钠的浓度呈现良好的线性关系．本法的特点是可以在较短时间内用等度方法实现对十二烷基苯磺酸钠的分离和测定,用于废水中十二烷基苯磺酸钠的测定,获得满意结果．     

超甜玉米优质高产栽培研究

超甜玉米作为一种新型的果蔬型食品,在很多国家都已经迅速发展,成为重要的种植作物。通过种植超甜玉米,种植业结构可以得到有效改善,这对于种植业经济效益的提高具有重要意义。笔者就对超甜玉米的优质高产栽培技术进行了探讨,以期为超甜玉米的栽培种植提供参考。     

天津市农业高新技术产业发展思路与对策

阐述了农业高新技术及其产业的内涵,概述了天津市农业高新技术产业发展情况,并提出近期内天津市重点发展的四大农业高新技术产业群以及相应的发展对策。     

Distribution and abundance of overwintering Calanus finmarchicus in the Faroe–Shetland Channel

The distribution and abundance of overwintering Calanus finmarchicus in the Faroe–Shetland Channel was studied during December 1994 and January 1995. Maximum abundance of animals in the Channel was approximately 50 000 m⁻², with a peak concentration of 627 m⁻³ at a depth of 930 m. Copepodite stages IV and V accounted for > 98% of the population. A clear association was found between the horizontal and vertical distribution of animals and the Arctic water masses in the bottom of the Faroe–Shetland Channel. The Wyville–Thomson Ridge formed a barrier to the southern distribution of Arctic waters and the abundance of overwintering C. finmarchicus was 25 times lower to the south of the Ridge than to the north. Spatial variability in lipid content and composition indicated that overwintering C. finmarchicus in the southern Norwegian Sea were in poorer condition with respect to wax ester content, and in a more advanced state of emergence from overwintering, than the animals within the Channel. The overwintering stock in the Channel probably originated from the Norwegian Sea or from north of the Faroe Islands. The Faroe–Shetland Channel is an important source of animals advected into the northern North Sea in the spring (March/April). The population abundance in the Faroe–Shetland Channel was estimated to be 4.5 × 10¹⁴ individuals, which is more than adequate to account for the mean concentration of adult stages observed in the northern North Sea in April.     

灵芝胞外多糖高产菌株筛选及其深层发酵培养基的优化

运用反馈抑制理论构建了耐灵芝胞外多糖 (EPS)反馈抑制的筛选模型。添加在筛选培养基中的其指示因子同源胞外多糖浓度为 2 .34g/L。将实验室保藏的 37株灵芝菌株输入该模型 ,即可检出耐灵芝胞外多糖反馈抑制作用最强、产胞外多糖能力最强的菌株GL0 2 9。然后在基础培养基的基础上用正交试验方法优化GL0 2 9深层发酵培养基。结果表明 ,组合碳源和组合氮源培养基最适合该菌株深层发酵生产灵芝胞外多糖。深层发酵培养基配方为 :蔗糖 10 g/L ,玉米粉15 g/L ,蛋白胨 2 g/L ,酵母膏 1g/L ,KCl 0 .5g/L ,KH2 PO4 ·7H2 O 0 .5 g/L ,pH自然。于 30℃、12 0r/min摇瓶培养 9d ,该菌株的胞外多糖产量高达 3.0 7g/L。     

动物可食性组织中克拉维酸残留HPLC-MS/MS检测方法

【目的】建立动物可食性组织中克拉维酸残留检测的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。【方法】1 g组织样品用3 mL 0.01 mol•L-1乙酸铵和3 mL乙腈提取后,经二氯甲烷反相提取净化,取水相定容到4 mL,正己烷除脂后上机检测。流动相为乙腈和0.1%甲酸水,梯度洗脱,经Luna 5μ C8色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾电离,多反应监测负离子模式对克拉维酸进行定量分析。【结果】采用基质匹配法对组织中克拉维酸的含量进行标准校正,克拉维酸质量浓度在5—500 μg•L-1范围内与峰面积间呈现良好的线性关系（r＞0.999）;组织中加标样品的检出限（按信噪比S/N≥3计）为10 μg•kg-1,定量限（按信噪比S/N≥10计）为20 μg•kg-1。在定量限、1/2最高残留限量、最高残留限量、2倍最高残留限量4个添加水平下,组织中克拉维酸的平均回收率为76.39%—89.26%,日间相对标准偏差为1.89%—6.20%。【结论】该方法可用于动物可食性组织中克拉维酸残留的分析检测。     

鸡粪高效降解微生物菌剂富集培养新法

以新鲜鸡粪为主要培养基,自然腐熟鸡粪(处理1),菌剂腐熟鸡粪和土壤(处理2),菌剂腐熟鸡粪(处理3)为富集样品连续5批堆肥驯化培养,使微生物菌群经历不同的生长环境,达到优胜劣汰的效果。处理1在5批富集培养中较处理2和处理3有较好的堆肥效果,说明其中有降解性能好的优势菌群,将其筛选出扩大培养,再回接到新鲜鸡粪中,将会快速、有效地降解新鲜鸡粪,达到良好的堆肥效果。