Effect of heat treatment on the proximate composition,energy values,and levels of some toxicants in African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) seed varieties

The effects of heat treatments on the proximate composition, energy content, and levels of some antinutritional factors in brown and marble-colored African yam bean (AYB) seed flours were investigated. In raw brown and marble-colored AYB seed flours; moisture content, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, ash, total carbohydrate and caloric value did not differ significantly at the 5% level. Autoclaving and cooking slightly increased the moisture level. Crude protein, crude fat, and ash contents were decreased by autoclaving and were further decreased by cooking. The decrease was not, however, considerable for the AYB that is not eaten raw and whose full nutritional potential as a legume can be derived only when heat treated, as previous reports have indicated for legume seeds.The levels of the toxicants were generally higher in the raw brown AYB compared to the marble-colored, and were generally reduced by both autoclaving and cooking. In the most commonly available and consumed marble-colored AYB, autoclaving at 121 ^°C, 15 psi for 20 min decreased cyanogenic glycosides by 46%, oxalate by 48.9%, tannin by 15.0%, saponin by 14.8% and trypsin inhibitors by 61.3% while cooking for 3.5 hours in tap water decreased these toxic factors by 66.5%, 70.3%, 72.2%, 48.7%, and 86.0%, respectively.The results indicate that for raw samples, varietal difference did not significantly affect nutrient composition though the toxicants were generally higher in the brown AYB than the marble-colored. Autoclaving decreased both nutrient value and the level of toxicants in the two seed types; values were further reduced by cooking. Of the toxicants, trypsin inhibitor was found to be the most heat-labile and of the heat treatment methods, cooking to tenderness is recommendable.     

Relationship of chemical properties of different peanut varieties to peanut butter storage stability

This study examined the effect of peanut quality on the storage stability of peanut butter. The quality of 17 varieties of peanuts was analyzed, and each was used to prepare peanut butter. For different storage temperatures and durations, stability of the peanut butter was measured according to three indicators: peroxide value, acid value, and centrifugal rate. The correlation between peanut components and peanut butter storage stability was also investigated. The results indicated significant differences in fatty acid composition between different varieties of peanut. Peanut butter prepared with high oleic peanuts (Kainong 17-15) had a significantly longer shelf life than that of other varieties. The significant correlation between the stability of peanut butter and peanut quality suggests that oleic acid and linoleic acid were the main influencing factors on stability. This study finds that the high oleic peanuts (HOP) is the most suitable variety for making peanut butter, which can allow farmers and processors to choose the specific variety for better product and shelf life.     

SSR标记对甜菜抗褐斑病品种的聚类分析

为了选育、鉴定抗褐斑病较好的国内甜菜品种,分析抗褐斑病品种的亲缘关系,本试验利用筛选出的多态性较好的14对SSR引物组合对17份甜菜品种进行亲缘关系分析,采用MEGA 3.1软件和EXCEL2007获得遗传距离并绘制聚类图,结合分子标记和田间调查结果进行抗褐斑病性调查和聚类分析。[结果]共产生99条扩增带,多态性条带81条,平均多态性百分比为81.8%。平均遗传距离为0.4601,平均遗传相似系数为0.6312。聚类分析结果显示,在遗传距离0.20处,可将17份供试材料分为五个类群,其中第一类群又分为两个亚类。[结论] 分子标记结果显示,17份供试材料遗传多样性较丰富。田间调查结果表明,有五个品种抗褐斑病性较好。聚类结果表明SSR分子标记用于划分甜菜抗褐斑病性的品种有一定辅助作用。     

我国新育成甘蔗品种(系)对甘蔗线条花叶病毒和高粱花叶病毒的抗性评价

甘蔗花叶病是中国蔗区危害最严重的病毒病,利用抗病品种是控制该病害最经济有效的方法。本研究以中国蔗区甘蔗花叶病的2种主要病原甘蔗线条花叶病毒分离物(SCSMV-JP1,Gen Bank登录号JF488064)和高粱花叶病毒分离物(Sr MV-HH,Gen Bank登录号DQ530434)为接种毒源,采用人工切茎接种和RT-PCR检测相结合方法,于2015年、2016年2次对中国近年选育的71个优良甘蔗新品种(系)进行了双抗SCSMV和Sr MV鉴定与评价。结果表明:71个优良甘蔗新品种(系)中,对SCSMV表现高抗到中抗的有24个,占33.8%,感病到高感的有47个,占66.2%;对Sr MV表现高抗到中抗的有27个,占38.03%,感病到高感的有44个,占61.97%。综合分析结果显示,福农30号、福农36号、闽糖01-77、桂糖02-467、柳城05-129、粤甘34号、粤甘40号、粤糖55号、粤糖96-86、粤糖00-318、赣蔗02-70、云蔗03-258、云蔗04-241、云蔗05-51、云蔗06-80等15个优良新品种(系)双抗SCSM V和Sr M V 2种病毒,占21.13%,其中粤甘34号、粤糖55号、云蔗03-258、云蔗05-51、云蔗06-80等5个优良新品种(系)对2种病毒均表现为高抗,占7.04%,。研究结果明确了71个甘蔗优良新品种(系)对甘蔗花叶病2种主要致病病原的抗性,筛选出双抗SCSMV和Sr MV的甘蔗优良新品种(系)15个,为生产用种选择和有效防控甘蔗花叶病提供了科学依据。     

川贝母新品种川贝1号特征特性及栽培技术

川贝母新品种“川贝1号”是从川贝母野生驯化栽培品种中经系统选育而成,并于2015年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定。川贝1号产量较高、品质佳、适应性强,适宜在海拔3000m以上气候冷凉地区种植。与现有栽培对照品种相比,其鳞茎（干品）平均产量为123.36kg/667m2,增产36.57%;西贝母碱含量为0.083%,增加62.75%。该文主要介绍了川贝1号的特征特性及栽培技术要点。     

校园快递新模式探讨--以天津农学院为例

近年来电子商务的飞速发展带动了以快递业务为支撑的物流业的快速发展,但整个物流体系尚不完善,"最后一公里"的配送问题已成为电子商务发展的瓶颈,其中校园"最后一公里"体现的问题尤具代表性。以天津农学院快递业务为例,以天津农学院快递现状和问题为切入点,对已提出的校园快递超市综合管理模式进行完善,探讨现存的校园快递现状和解决途径,通过校园快递新模式挖掘其中潜藏的商机,提高快递效率和改善服务态度,以达到方便快递配送与师生满意的双赢的结果。     

基于海带孤雌生殖研究海带夏苗制冷水工艺中的品种混杂问题

我国的海带苗生产是在循环制冷水中完成,这样可以在自然海水温度下降到20℃以下时提供足够长度的幼苗完成海上养殖过程。为了探究在海带夏苗生产工艺中共用的低温循环水的使用是否会造成品种混杂,在实际生产育苗过程中,将接种雌配子体克隆的苗绳放置在低温循环水系统的育苗池和入水槽处,后期收集苗绳上的后代孢子体,以孤雌生殖孢子体作为对照,进行了形态特征的比较。同时,采用微卫星标记分析方法,以亲本雌配子体作为参照,进行了后代孢子体的基因型分析。结果表明,育苗池和入水槽处收集到的后代孢子体形态正常,这一孢子体群体中除了具有亲本雌配子体的基因片段外,还检测到了外源基因片段,表明为受精孢子体。此项研究证实了在海带夏苗生产工艺中,共用的低温循环水使用的确会造成品种混杂。为防止品种混杂、退化现象的加剧,建议育苗企业建立独立的亲本维护系统,以维持品种的优良性状。     

一种烯啶虫胺新型半抗原的合成与免疫应用

为建立烯啶虫胺（nitenpyram,NIT）残留免疫分析方法,通过合成烯啶虫胺新型半抗原并进行紫外和质谱等技术的分析确证,分别将半抗原与牛血清蛋白（BSA）和卵清蛋白（OVA）偶联成完全的免疫抗原和包被抗原。免疫小鼠后测定抗血清的效价,随着免疫次数的增加先逐渐升高后再逐渐降低,最高达到1 ∶ 16 000。选取抗血清效价最高的小鼠,用间接竞争ELISA法测定其灵敏度,其半抑制浓度（IC50）较低,为1.68 μg/mL,竞争效果明显。将建立的检测方法与液相色谱方法进行比较,虽线性范围和灵敏度较液相色谱方法稍低,但回收率均≥80％,无明显差异,具有明显的识别效应,为烯啶虫胺高灵敏的单克隆抗体制备及残留免疫分析奠定基础。     

洞庭湖区低洼地夏季玉米品种比较

为了筛选适合洞庭湖区种植的优良玉米品种,2015年在湖南省安乡县平原湖区进行了不同水位旱地玉米品种比较试验。结果表明:10个参试品种中正常地和低洼地产量最高的都是新中玉1号,分别为789.41和691.00 kg/667 m2,而且综合性状和田间表现较好,适宜在环洞庭湖平原湖区推广应用。     

浙江省开化县甘薯新品种生产比较试验

[目的]推广通过鉴定的优质甘薯新品种,筛选出适宜开化县种植的甘薯品种及甘薯高产栽培技术。[方法]选取8个甘薯新品种,与对照品种浙薯13进行对比试验,筛选出优质、高产的甘薯新品种。[结果]8个甘薯新品种有3个品种比对照浙薯13增产,即浙薯70、浙薯132和浙薯75,分别比对照增产42.3%、14.4%和3.7%。[结论]浙薯70、浙薯132、浙薯75这3个品种产量水平高,适应性较好,具有推广价值;浙薯13作为淀粉型品种,产量水平稳定,适应性好,值得在生产薯粉皮、粉条的地区推广;浙紫薯1号、心香等作为特色甘薯在小范围内或订单种植经济效益很好;浙菜薯726作为特色叶菜,在城乡结合地区种植经济效益好。