压力容器制造中存在的问题及解决方案

通过对压力容器在制造过程中出现的问题进行理论分析和计算，提出了如何控制钢板的最小弯曲半径、消除钢板端部剩余直边、调整三辊卷板机参数等具体方法。     

Morphological changes of the cartilage and bone in newborn piglets evoked by experimentally induced glucocorticoid excess during pregnancy

The study examined articular and growth plate cartilages as well as bone tissues in the offspring of sows treated with glucocorticoid during the last 45 days of pregnancy (dexamethasone at the dose of 0.03 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly, every second day). The offspring were tested at the birth and basal morphology for both articular and growth plate cartilages, and the histomorphometry of trabeculae of the epiphysis and metaphysis of femur and tibia were established. The concentration of selected cytokines and the activity of bone alkaline phosphatase were determined in blood serum. Maternal dexamethasone (DEX) administration reduced the thickness of proliferative, resting and hypertrophic zones of growth plate of femur and tibia of male piglets when compared with the control. DEX significantly reduced the thickness of the resting zone in both bones. It also elongated proliferative and hypertrophic zones of the growth plate in the femur as well as the hypertrophic zone in the tibia of female piglets when compared with the control group. Moreover, DEX decreased the articular cartilage thickness of the tibia in female piglets and enhanced the articular cartilage thickness of the femur in male piglets. Articular cartilage was highly cellular, and chondrocytes were separated by thin septa of matrix. An analysis of the trabecular bone architecture in male piglets showed a loss of the trabecular bone by thinning and DEX‐related increase in trabecular porosity. Moreover, the cortical bone looked similar to the trabeculae because of trabecularization of the cortex. There was a DEX that reduced serum osteocalcin and BAP concentrations in both female and male newborn piglets, whereas the serum IL‐1 and Il‐6 was reduced only in male piglets. The obtained results demonstrated that DEX administration to sows during the last 45 days of pregnancy might cause the growth to slow and eventually to stop, especially in male piglets. It might lead to an alteration within the cartilage during its normal function, and with the time, arthritic changes can follow.     

Force plate analysis before and after dorsal decompression for treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs

OBJECTIVE: Using force plate analysis (FPA), determine ground reaction forces in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLS) and evaluate the effects of lumbosacral decompressive surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Twelve dogs with DLS. METHODS: DLS was diagnosed by clinical signs, radiography, computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging. FPA was performed before surgery, and 3 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months after surgery. The mean peak braking (Fy+), peak propulsive (Fy-), and peak vertical (Fz+) forces of 8 consecutive strides were determined. The ratio between the total Fy- of the pelvic limbs and the total Fy- of the thoracic limbs (P/TFy-), reflecting the distribution of Fy-, was analyzed to evaluate any changes in locomotion pattern postoperatively. Ground reaction force data for DLS dogs were compared with data derived from 24 healthy dogs (control). RESULTS: In dogs with DLS, the propulsive forces (Fy-) of the pelvic limbs were significantly smaller than those of controls. P/TFy- was significantly smaller in dogs with DLS than in control dogs, and increased during the follow-up period, reaching normal values 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Cauda equina compression in dogs with DLS decreases the propulsive force of the pelvic limbs and surgical treatment restores the propulsive force of the pelvic limbs in a 6-month period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs with DLS, FPA is an effective method in evaluating the response to surgical treatment. Normal propulsive force in the pelvic limbs was restored during 6 months after decompressive surgery.     

河南省小麦根、茎部内生真菌多样性及平板拮抗活性研究

To investigate the community composition and diversity of fungal endophytes in wheat roots and stems from different soil types in Henan Province, tissue isolation method was used to isolate and purify endophytic fungi from wheat plants collected from 22 counties/districts in five soil types, and the identification of the fungal endophytes fungi was based on morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. The community composition and diversity of endophytic fungi were analyzed. The results showed that 426 endophytic fungi were affiliated with 23 genera, among which Chaetomium spp. had the highest number accounting for 23.2% of the total strain number, followed by Penicillium spp.. Five strains were tested for the antifungal activity against both Rhizoctonia Cerealis and Fusarium pseudograminearums on plate, and their inhibition rates against R. Cerealis ranged from 44.8% to 70.5% (zone widths 2.00~9.67 mm)while from 35.4% to 49.3% (zone widths 3.67~6.67 mm) against F. pseudograminearum. This paper clarifies the major taxa and their diversity of fungal endophytes in the roots and stems of wheat in different soil types in Henan Province, and their inhibitory effects on soil-borne fungi, providing a basis for the biological control of sharp eyespot and crown rot of wheat.     

Assessment of stiffness and strength of 4 different implants available for equine fracture treatment: a study on a 20 degrees oblique long-bone fracture model using a bone substitute

OBJECTIVE: To compare the mechanical properties of 4 stabilization methods for equine long-bone fractures: dynamic compression plate (DCP), limited contact-DCPlate (LC-DCP), locking compression plate (LCP), and the clamp-rod internal fixator (CRIF--formerly VetFix). STUDY DESIGN: In vitro mechanical study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Bone substitute material (24 tubes) was cut at 20 degrees to the long axis of the tube to simulate an oblique mid-shaft fracture. METHODS: Tubes were divided into 4 groups (n=6) and double plated in an orthogonal configuration, with 1 screw of 1 implant being inserted in lag fashion through the "fracture". Thus, the groups were: (1) 2 DCP implants (4.5, broad, 10 holes); (2) 2 LC-DCP implants (5.5, broad, 10 holes); (3) 2 LCP implants (4.5/5.0, broad, 10 holes) and 4 head locking screws/plate; and (4) 2 CRIF (4.5/5.0) and 10 clamps in alternating position left and right of the rod. All constructs were tested in 4-point bending with a quasi-static load until failure. The implant with the interfragmentary screw was always positioned on the tension side of the construct. Force, displacement, and angular displacement at the "fracture" line were determined. Construct stiffness under low and high loads, yield strength, ultimate strength, and maximum angular displacement were determined. RESULTS: None of the implants failed; the strength of the bone substitute was the limiting factor. At low loads, no differences in stiffness were found among groups, but LCP constructs were stiffer than other constructs under high loads (P=.004). Ultimate strength was lowest in the LCP group (P=.01), whereas yield strength was highest for LCP constructs (409 N m, P=.004). CRIF had the lowest yield strength (117 N m, P=.004); no differences in yield strength (250 N m) were found between DCP and LC-DCP constructs. Differences were found for maximum angular displacement at the "fracture" line, between groups: LPC相似文献   

森林灾害监测方法研究──以西南地区火灾监测为例*

森林灾害监测方法研究──以西南地区火灾监测为例纪平，易浩若，白黎娜关键词人工神经元网络，ＮＯＡＡ数据，遥感，专家系统目前，世界上许多国家都已开展了森林灾害监测方面的研究。１９８７年大兴安岭森林大火之后，我国也充分认识到了森林防火的重要性，并积极开展了...     

压力输水树状管网遗传优化布置和神经网络优化设计

分别应用单亲遗传算法和Hopfield神经网络方法进行机压式树状管网的优化布置和优化设计,能够在管网投资最小的最优树状管网布置形式上,获得年费用最低的最优设计方案。研究表明:该方法是可行的和有效的,能减小管网工程投资,提高设计水平和设计效率     

农田土壤湿度的人工神经网络预报模型研究

基于多层误差反传网络结构模型和一维时间序列拓展的方法,发展了一种新的旱季农田土壤湿度预报模式。该模式不公预报准确性高,而且不受中期降水预报准确性的影响。一般只要具备３８６以上的计算机条件即可进行工作,十分便于业务预报推广。     

基于人工神经网络技术的蔬菜施肥决策研究

阐述神经网络的概念和特点，着重介绍BP神经网络并在Maflab环境下建立基于BP神经网络的施肥模型，以土壤养分（氮、磷、钾)和实际产量为模型输入，以氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的施用量为模型数输出．进行网络训练，直至获得满意的施肥模型。结合投入产出物的价格对模型功能进行扩展，按利润最大化目标进行施肥决策。     

枯草芽孢杆菌HAB-1产生抗菌物质的最优发酵条件

为筛选适合Bacillus subtilis HAB-1生长和抑菌物质产生的最佳培养基和最佳培养条件,采用摇瓶培养法和平板对峙法,通过单因子试验筛选适合菌株HAB-1生长的碳源、氮源、金属离子及最佳培养条件。结果表明,经摇瓶发酵培养筛选到适合菌株HAB-1生长及其拮抗物质产生的最佳碳源为蔗糖和玉米粉,最佳氮源为酵母粉和麸皮,最佳金属离子是K＋。用正交试验法确定了使HAB-1具有较强抗菌活性的最优培养基为zY,其各组分的质量浓度为：蔗糖10g·L-1,玉米粉30g·L-1,酵母粉30g·L-1,麸皮40g·L-1,KH2P041g·L-1;在确定适合该菌株的培养基组分基础上,对其培养条件进行优化试验,结果表明,初始pH为6．0,培养温度为37℃,250mL摇瓶装液量为60mL,接种量的体积分数为2％,培养时间为24h,转速为190r·min-1时为该菌株的最佳培养条件,获得菌株HAB-1活菌数最多且对橡胶树炭疽菌的抑菌活性最强,活菌数和抑菌直径分别为2．6×1010·mL-1。和34．0mm,较NB培养的HAB-1提高了123．81倍和1．10倍。