红树植物秋茄胚轴主要性状及其贮藏方法的研究

对红树植物秋茄胚轴的品质特征、安全含水量和平衡含水量、感光休眠现象作了详细研究，并用沙埋、锯末保湿、海水浸泡、低温和室内干燥５种方法贮藏胚轴。结果表明，秋茄胚轴自然失水表现为快、、慢快的进程，当４５ｄ含水量降为３５．１％锂，全部胚轴丧的人的活力。     

Effects of vegetation control on nutrient removal and Fagus orientalis, Lipsky regeneration in the western Black Sea Region of Turkey

Dense Rhododendron ponticum (L.) understories of eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in the Black Sea Region (BSR) of Turkey create challenging forest vegetation management problems relative to beech regeneration. Rhododendron traditionally is controlled in Turkish forests with grubbing and bulldozing. The effects of these practices on nutrient removal and natural beech regeneration have not been quantitatively studied. Two woody vegetation control treatments (bulldozing and hand-grubbing) were installed during late summer, 2002 in three mature beech stands with dense rhododendron understories in the Düzce Forest Management Directorate, in the Turkish western BSR. Aboveground biomass of each vegetation component, total aboveground vegetation biomass, nutrient concentrations, organic matter (OM) removal, and total amount of OM nutrients were determined for each woody vegetation control treatment. Soil bulk density and nutrient content, and beech seedling biomass, nutrient content, and natural regeneration also were studied. One year after treatment, the machine site preparation by bulldozing (MSP) that removed understory vegetation and attached roots, reduced mean forest floor OM content by about 84%, when compared to hand-grubbing. Mean soil C, N, K and Mg concentrations on the bulldozed sites were 36, 27, 50 and 55% less, respectively, than those on the grubbed sites. Total C and Mg amounts at the 5–10 cm soil depth were 24 and 47% lower, respectively, for mechanical site preparation (MSP) sites, when compared to grubbed sites. Overall, soil bulk density did not differ significantly between the grubbing and MSP treatments. Frequent passes on designated transects on MSP sites resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) one-third increase in bulk density of the first 20 cm soil depth, when compared to grubbed sites. No natural beech regeneration occurred on untreated control sites. Mineral soil exposure on the MSP sites increased beech seedling germination substantially. One year after treatment, the mean number of naturally regenerated seedlings for MSP sites was 2.5 times greater than for grubbed sites. Woody control treatments had significant effects upon beech seedling chemistry, with N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations averaging 35, 47, 12, 33 and 25% lower, respectively, for MSP sites, when compared to grubbed sites. However, mean seedling biomass and nutrient content were significantly greater (P < 0.05) on MSP sites. Long-term effects from windrowing on MSP site residues, associated topsoil and nutrients need to be evaluated.     

杨树栽培区划的研究

运用277个县23个杨树品种的2 980块标准地的调查资料,采用聚类分析方法,把全国杨树栽培范围划分成13个栽培区,并作了生产力评价。     

亚硫酸氢钠对蚕豆光合生产和蛋白含量的影响

在蚕豆(Vicia fabaL.)灌浆期对其叶面喷施50 mg.L-1和100 mg.L-1的亚硫酸氢钠溶液,结果表明:两种浓度的亚硫酸氢钠均可提高叶片净光合速率,增加籽粒产量,其中50 mg.L-1的促进效果明显。同时研究表明,亚硫酸氢钠虽然可以增加籽粒产量,但却降低了籽粒的蛋白质含量,其中100mg.L-1处理后的降低幅度较大。此外,试验还测定了各处理组的叶绿素含量,结果表明,亚硫酸氢钠对促进叶绿素含量增加与光合产量增加呈正相关。     

Ⅰ—72杨人工林生物量的研究

本文就集约经营的Ⅰ-72杨6种密度人工林的生物量进行了测定与研究。按平均标准木法测定了Ⅰ-72杨地上部分生物量。文中还研究了不同密度的单株生物量、林分生物量及各年份的净生长量。根据调查数据、按相对生长法建立了估测林木干、皮、枝及叶生物量的幂函数方程。研究结果表明:6年生Ⅰ-72杨人工林平均总生物量(地上部分)为64—122t/ha。林分生物量与密度呈正相关;净生产量在10t/ha·a以上,高的可达20t/ha·a。林木地上部分(树干、树皮、树枝、树叶)的生物量比例分别为60—70％:10—12％:12—21％:3—5％。林分生物量的连年生长在造林后第三年开始大幅度增长。到调查年龄(第6年)为止,林分平均生物量仍保持上升趋势。林分密度的变化对单株及林分生物量均有显著影响。     

喜树光合速率日变化及其影响因子的研究

本文对喜树光合速率 (Pn)日变化规律进行了研究 ,结果表明在晴天条件下 ,喜树Pn日变化为双峰曲线 ,具有典型的“午休”特征。阴天时则为单峰型。影响喜树叶片Pn日变化的主要生态因子是光通量密度和相对湿度。造成光合作用“午休”的内在原因不是气孔导度下降 ,减少了CO2 的供应量 ,而是非气孔因素     

气候变化对中国森林生产力的影响 Ⅰ.中国森林现实生产力的特征及地理分布格局*

本文从生产力与环境关系角度,比较分析了森林第一性生产力的地理分布特征,阐述了层的生产力与环境的关系以及种生产力与群落结构间的关系。结果表明：森林净生产力,地上部年凋落量随纬度和海拔高度的增加而减少,而凋落物理存量呈相反的变化趋势,森林生产力的地理分布与环境水热条件密切相关;森林生物量无明显的地理规律性变化,但多物种复杂结构的成熟天然林生物量较高;层的生产力随环境条件产生相互排斥或补充各异变化;种的     

Dry matter production and nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems of cardamom grown underAlnus and natural forest

A study on dry matter production and nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems of cardamom grown under N₂-fixingAlnus and mixed tree species (non-N₂-fixing) was carried out in the Sikkim Himalaya. The stand total biomass, and tiller number, basal area and biomass of cardamom crop was much higher under the influence ofAlnus. Annual net primary productivity ofAlnus trees was slightly higher than mixed tree species in spite of lower stand density ofAlnus. The agronomic yield of cardamom increased by 2.2 times under the canopy ofAlnus. Litter production and its disappearance rates were also higher in theAlnus-cardamom stand. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of different components ofAlnus were higher than those of mixed tree species, whereas their back translocation from leaf before abscission was lower inAlnus. The cardamom based agroforestry system under the influence ofAlnus was more productive with faster rates of nutrient cycling. The poor nutrient conservation and low nutrient use efficiency ofAlnus, and malleability of nutrient cycling under its influence make it an excellent association which promotes higher availability and faster cycling of nutrients.     

Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT): a sustainable agroforestry scheme for the uplands

Soil erosion due to deforestation and heavy rains presents an extremely serious problem in many parts of Southeast Asia, particularly in the upland Philippines. The Mindanao Baptist Rural Life Center (MBRLC), a non-government organization based in the southern part, has developed and spread an agroforestry scheme called Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) to help control soil erosion and increase crop yields. Basically, SALT utilizes nitrogen-fixing trees as soil binder, fertilizer generator, and livestock feed source. The system also includes annual and perennial diversified food crops grown in the spaces between the hedgerows. The SALT model has been tested both in demonstration plots and farmers' fields, and has proven to be appropriate for use by typical hilly-land farmers. The system can reduce soil erosion and restore moderately degraded hilly lands to a profitable farming system.     

Factors influencing the variability of Mg, Ca and K in waters of a mangrove creek in Bragança, North Brazil

Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and physicochemical parameters were monitored for one year in a mangrove tidal creek near Bragança, North Brazil, to determine their tidally induced and seasonal variations and the main parameters controlling the concentration of these cations. On a daily basis, cation concentrations showed a strong tidal rhythm due to the mixing of estuarine and mangrove waters. Mean concentrations were highest at the end of the dry season (December 1996) and lowest (April 1997) towards the end of the rainy season. Average values over one year were: Na+ = 329± 118mM, K+ = 6.9±2.5mM, Mg++=37 ±14 mM and Ca++= 6.9±2.4mM. Dissolved oxygen concentration was higher during the dry season due to enhanced aquatic primary production, with a maximum daily average value of 8.5mg/L in July 1996, and a minimum value of 4mg/L in June 1997. Cation concentrations were transformed relating them to the respective average values in standard seawater at salinity 35. Although cation concentrations and salinity tightly correlated, this standardization showed that the concentrations of K+, Ca++ and Mg++ did not depend solely on salinity and reflected the seasonal variation in aquatic primary production. It also allowed the discrimination of their sources (marine, riverine and groundwater). Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations indicate that phytoplankton may be regulating the concentration of these cations in the water column indirectly by inducing precipitation through pH increase and directly through metabolic uptake.