Comparative productivity of Prosopis cineraria and Tecomella undulata based agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert

Tree-crop interactions were monitored by measuring tree growth characters of Prosopis cineraria L. and Tecomella undulata L. and yields of Vigna radiata (L) in agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert. Potential competition for resource between the trees and associated crop was analyzed by measuring soil water contents, soil organic matters and NH₄-N at different depths of soil layers i.e., 0–25 cm, 25–50 cm and 50–75 cm in the experimental plots. The plots size were 16 m × 18 m (D₁), 20 m × 18 m (D₂) and 32 m × 18 m (D₃) with tree densities of 208, 138 and 104 trees·ha⁻¹ after June 2002, respectively. Results showed that tree height increased by 3% to 7% during June 2002 to June 2004. Collar diameter increased by 30% and 11% in D₁, 23% and 19% in D₂ and 18% and 36% in D₃ plots, respectively, in P. cineraria and T. undulata in two years period. The increase in crown diameter was 9% to 18% in P. cineraria and 11% to 16% in T. undulata. Tree growth was relatively greater in 2002 than in 2003. Yield of V. radiata increased linearly from D₁ to D₃ plots. Lowest soil water content at 1 m distance from tree base indicated greater utilization of soil water within the tree rooting zone. Concentrations of soil organic matters and NH₄-N were the highest (p<0.05) in 0–25 cm soil layer. P. cineraria was more beneficial than T. undulata in improving soil conditions and increasing crop yield by 11.1% and thus more suitable for its integration in agricultural land. The yield of agricultural crop increased when density of tree species was appropriate (i.e., optimum tree density), though it varied with tree size and depended upon resource availability. The result indicated bio-economic benefits of optimum density of P. cineraria and T. undulata over traditional practices of maintaining random trees in farming system in arid zones. Biography: G. Singh (1961– ), male, Scientist E and Head, Division of Forest Ecology, Arid Forest Research Institute, New Pali Road, Jodhpur-342005, India.     

1987年大兴安岭林火碳释放及火后NPP恢复

以大兴安岭地区1985年一类森林资源连续清查资料和1987年林火资料为数据基础,结合GIS技术,进行大兴安岭1987年林火碳释放及火后净初级生产力(NPP,net primary productivity)恢复的研究.通过对1987年火烧迹地林火发生前各树种的生物量的估算,得出在1987年林火中大兴安岭林区森林释放的碳量约为1.97×10~6～2.47×10~6 t;同时分别比较火烧中各树种的碳释放量和不同火烧等级下的碳释放量.结果表明:落叶松在1987年林火中释放碳量约0.96×10~6～1.19×10~6 t,占碳释放总量的49%左右;重度火灾中碳释放量占总碳释放量的99.4%.火后乔木层的NPP恢复在21年间成逐渐增加的趋势,并且恢复趋势表明在火后23～24年的时候中度火灾后的乔木层NPP可达到未过火林地的水平.     

气候变化对中国森林生产力的影响Ⅱ．中国森林第一性生产力的摸拟*

在中国森林第一性生产力地理分布规律研究的基础上，根据生产力与气候环境变量间的相关关系，筛选有代表性的生产力数据和与其相应的气象资料，构建了中国森林生产力气候模型，模拟出中国森林第一性生产力的分布格局，借助气候环境信息制图软件，绘制了中国森林生产力图。     

海南岛尖峰岭鸡毛松人工林乔木层生物量和生产力研究

对海南岛尖峰岭35年生鸡毛松人工林生物量的结构与分布特点、净初级生产力和林分生长的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明,鸡毛松人工林乔木层生物量达285 53t·hm-2,其中树干为190 82t·hm-2,树皮为19 19t·hm-2,树枝为35 93t·hm-2,树叶为7 96t·hm-2,根为31 63t·hm-2,鸡毛松不同器官生物量的比例为树干∶树枝∶根∶树皮∶树叶=24 0∶4 5∶4 0∶2 4∶1 0。12～22cm径级的立木生物量占总生物量的70 9%,而8m以下的树干生物量占其总生物量的80%以上。1～25a内生物量增长迅速,年平均净生产量随年龄的增加而增大,25a后生物量增长相对较慢,进入生长的平稳期。35a鸡毛松人工林乔木层年平均净生产力可达10 34t·hm-2·a-1,最大可达13 99t·hm-2·a-1,表现出较高的生产力。     

浅议生物多样性与森林生态系统生产力的关系

生物多样性与生态系统生产力之间的关系是目前生态学界的热点问题。文中结合森林生态系统自身的特点, 针对生物多样性和森林生态系统生产力2个不同概念, 阐述了现有的生物多样性和生产力关系的若干观点, 分析了现有观点中的争议点, 并在前人实验研究的基础上, 提出了森林生态系统中其他因素对两者关系的影响。     

Two-decadal trends in aboveground litterfall and net primary production in self-thinning Pinus banksiana stands in Wood Buffalo National Park,NWT, Canada

We estimated the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in five self-thinning jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands in Wood Buffalo National Park, NWT, Canada. The stands (11 to ca.175 years old) were selected to examine the relationship between stand density and tree size and its effect on carbon dynamics. Aboveground litterfall was collected from each stand from 1997 to 2012. Stand biomass was estimated by measuring tree size every 5 years and estimating the individual mass using allometric relationships. ANPP was then estimated by summing the litterfall mass, dead stem mass increment and stand biomass increment. We determined the proportional contribution of each organ to the total litter and the seasonal pattern of needle litterfall. There was a lower turnover rate of aboveground biomass in older stands than younger stands. The ANPP increased in the youngest stand (<30 years old) showed a decreasing trend in stands >50 years old. The maximum ANPP was estimated to be ca. 500?g m^?2 year^?1 in dry matter, which was found in 30–50 year-old stands.     

基于Google Earth Engine平台的大湄公河次区域2001—2019年植被NPP时空变化分析

为探明大湄公河次区域植被净初级生产力(NPP)时空变化特征,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)云计算平台,利用MOD17A3HGF NPP时序数据,采用线性趋势分析方法,分析了2001—2019年大湄公河次区域植被NPP的时空变化特征。结果显示:(1)2001—2019年间大湄公河次区域植被NPP总体较高,植被NPP年均值整体上变化趋势不显著,变化波动较大,且与年均温度有显著的负相关性;(2)大湄公河次区域植被NPP年均值具有较明显的空间分异性规律,大体呈中部高,南、西南部略低的状态,与其主要河流流域有着重要的联系;(3)植被NPP变化趋势呈现基本不变、轻微改善的特征,改善区域主要位于中国云南省与广西,轻微退化区域主要位于老挝中部和缅甸北部;(4)GEE云平台解决了本地平台数据下载与存储不便等问题,整个大湄公河次区域植被NPP时空变化的数据处理在10 min内完成,GEE云平台在大范围、长时间尺度的研究中体现出了强大的优势。     

Storage of biomass and net primary productivity in desert shrubland of Artemisia ordosica on Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia, China

Biomass and net primary productivity （NPP） are two important parameters in determining ecosystem carbon pool and carbon sequestration. The biomass storage and NPP in desert shrubland of Artemisia ordosica on Ordos Plateau were investigated with method of harvesting standard size shrub in the growing season （June-October） of 2006. Results indicated that above- and belowground biomass of the same size shrubs showed no significant variation in the growing season （p〉0.1）, but annual biomass varied significantly （p〈 0.01）. In the A. ordosica community, shrub biomass storage was 699.76-1246.40 g.m^-2 and annual aboveground NPP was 224.09 g-m^-2·a^-1. Moreover, shrub biomass and NPP were closely related with shrub dimensions （cover and height） and could be well predicted by shrub volume using power regression.     

杨树无性系幼苗光合作用和PV水分参数对水分胁迫的响应

比较研究了不同水分条件下杨树2个无性系幼苗的生长、光合特性和多种水分参数等，探讨其对水分胁迫的适应机制。结果表明，水分胁迫下2个无性系幼苗的生长减慢．净光合速率降低，昭林杨6号受水分胁迫影响较小，欧美杨64号受水分胁迫影响较大。胁迫初期，2个无性系光合作用受气孔限制，胁迫后期及复水后的恢复期，光合作用受非气孔限制。胁迫时杨树呼吸速率降低，尤其是昭林杨6号，以保持碳平衡。胁迫时2个无性系的ψs^100、ψs^0、ROWC^0均降低，ψs^100与ψs^0差值增大，表明杨树可以通过渗透调节维持压力势，对水分胁迫作出适应性反应，与欧美杨64号相比昭林杨6号这种能力更强，表明其抗旱性强。     

基于CASA模型的瓦屋山林场植被净初级生产力估算

在地理信息系统和遥感技术支持下,利用改进的CASA模型,并结合Landsat TM遥感影像、气象数据和林班数据,估算出瓦屋山林场2008—2009年的植被净初级生产力(PNPP),并通过实测植被生物量和生产力的关系,验证CASA模型在研究地区估算结果。结果表明:CASA模型估测植被PNPP与实测结果有较好的一致性,能够适用于瓦屋山林场植被净生产力估算;CASA模型估算结果主要植被类型年均PNPP区别明显,从高到低依次是:中国山杨、麻栎、板栗、马尾松、湿地松、灌木、杉木和池杉;瓦屋山林场植被PNPP季节变化显著,夏季贡献率最大,其次是春季和秋季,冬季最少,主要由于不同季节环境因素不同,其中又以太阳辐射最为重要。