Effect of dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios on growth performance,body composition,nutrient utilization and hepatic enzymes activities of herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Six isonitrogenous (390 g kg^?1) and isoenergetic (16.2 kJ g^?1) diets with varying carbohydrate : lipid (CHO : L) ratios (202.5–1.74), were fed to triplicate groups of 25 fish in indoor recirculation system. Over 8‐week‐growth trial, best weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein production value (P < 0.05) were observed in fish‐fed diets with CHO : L ratio of 7.5. Fish fed either the lowest (1.7) or highest (202.5) CHO : L ratio tended to produce lower (P < 0.05) growth and feed conversion efficiencies. The values of viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio increased as dietary CHO : L ratios decreased. There were no significant differences in whole body and liver crude protein among dietary treatments. Whole body and liver lipid increased as CHO : L ratios decreased. Plasma cholesterol and triacylglyceride levels increased linearly as dietary CHO : L ratios decreased. Activities of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase were stimulated by elevated levels of dietary carbohydrate; however, activities of lipase (LPS) and alkaline phosphatase were stimulated by elevated levels of dietary lipid. Based on a second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG against dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels, 275 g kg^?1 of carbohydrate and 59 g kg^?1 of lipid, corresponding to a CHO : L ratio of 4.7, in a diet holding 390 g kg^?1 of crude protein and 16.3 kJ g^?1 of gross energy, proved to be optimal for grass carp. These results indicated that utilization of dietary lipid and carbohydrate was moderate in grass carp, but the fish were a little more capable of utilizing lipid compared with carbohydrate.     

草鱼SGLT1/2基因克隆及葡萄糖处理对其mRNA表达的影响

作为重要的转运载体,SGLTs(钠依赖性葡萄糖协同转运蛋白,sodium-glucose co-transporters)在物质的吸收过程中发挥着关键的作用.SGLT1和SGLT2作为SGLTs家族的重要成员,参与调节体内的葡萄糖吸收,从而维持血糖的稳态.为研究SGLT1和SGLT2在草鱼葡萄糖吸收过程中的作用,本实验...     

复合益生菌对草鱼养殖水体水质和菌群结构的影响

为研究草鱼养殖水体中添加复合益生菌水质调节剂对水体水质和菌群的调节作用,实验采用氮磷等指标监测水质,采用454焦磷酸盐测序方法分析菌群结构,结果显示,处理组的氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和总氮浓度一直低于对照组,但差异不显著;处理组硝酸盐氮浓度低于对照组,且在18d下降了56.59％;处理组的总无机氮含量低于对照组,且在15d下降了28.75％.处理组正磷酸盐和总磷浓度略低于对照组,无显著差异.15 d水样的454焦磷酸盐测序结果与对照组相比,处理组菌群多样性更高,厚壁菌门和变形菌门分别减少了91.21％和21.75％,拟杆菌、放线菌和蓝细菌分别增加了288％、435％和848％.在变形菌门中,α-变形杆菌和β-变形杆菌分别比对照组提高了318％和18％,γ-变形杆菌比对照组降低了78.82％.研究表明,该复合益生菌具有一定水质调控功能,且能显著改变菌群结构.     

鲢鳙占优势的千岛湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的相关性

为了解以鲢鳙占优势的千岛湖中浮游动物群落结构特征以及与水温、溶解氧等环境因子的关系,采用方差分析、典范对应分析等方法,对千岛湖河流区、过渡区、湖泊区3个地区的浮游动物种类、数量以及环境因子的月变化特征进行了调查。结果表明:2007—2008年,共鉴定出浮游动物115种,其中原生动物16种、轮虫51种、枝角类23种、桡足类25种。浮游动物密度在春季(2007年:840.9/L,2008年:850.5/L)形成高峰;生物量在春季(2007年:1.89mg/L,2008年:0.837 mg/L)和秋季(2007年:1.63 mg/L,2008年:0.802 mg/L)形成双高峰;现存量从河流区至湖泊区依次递减。河流区和过渡区的浮游动物密度均于4 m水层达最大值,湖泊区于8 m水层达到最大值。各位点4～12 m水层的大型浮游甲壳动物优势种透明溞、蚤状溞、球状许水蚤等和小型浮游甲壳动物优势种长额象鼻溞、颈沟基合溞、台湾温剑水蚤等的生物量较高。原生动物、桡足类生物量与溶解氧显著正相关;轮虫、枝角类生物量与总氮、硝态氮、浮游植物生物量极显著正相关。典范对应分析(CCA)表明,溶解氧、温度、总氮、总磷、硝态氮是影响浮游动物时空分布的主要因子。透明溞在2—6月份主要受到以浮游植物为食物的上行效应的影响较大,而其他月份主要受水温的影响较大。     

北方地区鲤鱼出血病流行病学分析

文章通过对北方地区鲤鱼出血病病原、症状、流行情况以及影响疾病流行的主要因素进行分析,提出了鲤鱼出血病防治的主要措施。     

光唇鱼网箱养殖试验

网箱单养、混养光唇鱼的试验结果表明,在25m2网箱中,单养光唇鱼以200～220尾/m2的放养密度比较合适,单位面积产量可达12.7～12.9 kg/m2;瓯江彩鲤网箱中混养光唇鱼,在瓯江彩鲤保持180尾/m2的放养密度不变的情况下,混养20尾/m2的光唇鱼,其效果比单养瓯江彩鲤更好,单位面积产量可达103.2kg/m2.     

饲料中添加低聚木糖对鲤鱼免疫力和生长性能的影响

为探究不同质量浓度的低聚木糖调控鲤鱼免疫力及生长性能的机理,以450尾平均体质量（4．93±0．03）g的健康鲤鱼为对象,研究饲料中添加低聚木糖对鲤鱼生长性能和免疫指标的影响。以不加低聚木糖的基础饲料为对照组,试验组为分别在基础饲料中添加0．1％低聚木糖组、0．2％低聚木糖组、0．4％低聚木糖组和0．6％低聚木糖组。试验结果表明,低聚木糖可提高鲤鱼血清溶菌酶活性,但对补体旁路途径溶血活性无影响,0．6％低聚木糖组的血清溶菌酶活性显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）。对于头肾的5种免疫相关基因,低聚木糖可上调白细胞介素-1β和白细胞介素-10的基因表达,下调诱导型一氧化氮合酶和肿瘤坏死因子-α的基因表达,而对转化生长因子-β的基因表达无影响。与对照组相比,0．2％低聚木糖组、0．6％低聚木糖组的白细胞介素-1β与0．2％低聚木糖组的白细胞介素-10表达量均显著升高,所有试验组的诱导型一氧化氮合酶和肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达量均显著下降（P＜0．05）。生长性能试验结果显示,试验组鲤鱼的生长性能指标均高于对照组,其中0．6％低聚木糖组与对照组差异显著（P＜0．05）。     

Cage‐pond integration of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with carps

Cage‐pond integration system is a new model for enhancing productivity of pond aquaculture system. A field trial was conducted using African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in cages and carps in earthen ponds. There were four treatments replicated five times: (1) carps in ponds without cage, (2) tilapia at 30 fish m^?3 in cage and carps in open pond, (3) catfish at 100 fish m^?3 in cage and carps in open pond, (4) tilapia and catfish at 30 and 100 fish m^?3, respectively, in separate cages and carps in open pond. The carps were stocked at 1 fish m^?2. The cage occupied about 3% of the pond area. The caged tilapia and catfish were fed and the control ponds were fertilized. Results showed that the combined extrapolated net yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the catfish, tilapia and carps integration system (9.4 ± 1.6 t ha^?1 year^?1) than in the carp polyculture (3.3 ± 0.7 t ha^?1 year^?1). The net return from the tilapia and carps (6860 US$ ha^?1 year^?1) and catfish, tilapia and carps integration systems (6668 US$ ha^?1 year^?1) was significantly higher than in the carp polyculture (1709 US$ ha^?1 year^?1) (P < 0.05). This experiment demonstrated that the cage‐pond integration of African catfish and Nile tilapia with carps is the best technology to increase production; whereas integration of tilapia and carp for profitability.     

Use of supplemental amino acids on the success of reducing dietary protein levels for Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of essential amino acids (EAA) supplementation on the success of dietary protein reduction for Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Five diets were formulated including a positive control (Diet 1, 378.4 g/kg protein), a negative control (Diet 5, 289.8 g/kg protein) and three test diets (Diet 2‐Diet 4, 340.4–299.0 g/kg protein supplemented with EAA). No significant decline of growth performance in fish fed decreased dietary protein with EAA supplementation, which were significantly higher than the negative control. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein and most EAAs were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. Dietary treatments did not affect whole‐body composition, but influenced protein and EAAs retentions. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion decreased with the decreasing dietary protein, and the highest plasma ammonia content was observed in fish fed Diet 5. Plasma glucose concentration increased with the decreasing dietary protein reduction, while other plasma parameters were not affected by dietary treatments. These results indicated that low‐protein diets (299.0 g/kg) supplemented with EAA can maintain protein, EAA digestibility and retention in Jian carp, and also has benefit in the reduction of TAN excretion.     

乌克兰鳞鲤精子超低温冷冻保存方法研究

为研究适用于乌克兰鳞鲤精子的超低温冷冻保存方法,分析比较3种稀释液[Hank′s、Cortland、Freezefish冻精稀释液,精子与每种稀释液均设置3种比例(1∶1、1∶3、1∶5)]及3种体积分数为10%的抗冻剂(二甲基亚砜、1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇)对乌克兰鳞鲤精子低温(4 ℃)保存活力的影响;运用筛选出的冷冻保护液及稀释比例,分析比较3种“3步冷冻法”以及3种解冻温度(20、30、40 ℃)对乌克兰鳞鲤精子活力的影响。试验结果表明,采用Hank′s作为稀释液,10%二甲基亚砜为抗冻剂,精子与稀释液比例为1∶3,平均降温速率为12 ℃/min,解冻温度为30 ℃时,精子活力最高(>68%)。通过对稀释液、抗冻剂、稀释比例、降温速率和解冻温度的层层筛选,建立了适宜乌克兰鳞鲤精子超低温冷冻保存的方法,在其种质保护方面具有重要意义,为开展其他鱼类精子超低温冷冻保存提供参考。