多花黑麦草品种比较试验

通过对现行生产中常用的4个多花黑麦草品种在昆明地区的物候期、株高、草产量、生长率、净同化率等指标的规定表明,在生长初期,特高的生产性能比其余3个品种都好,但生长一段时间后,邦德的生产性能明显超过特高(P<0.05),抗锈王略高于特高(P>0.05),旺饲的生产性能最差(P<0.05)。因此,邦德是一个在生产中值得推广应用的品种。     

鲤吉陶单极虫体被结构的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜,对鲤鱼肠道内的吉陶单极虫体被进行了形态学观察。吉陶单极虫的孢子呈瓜子形,后端钝圆,向前一端逐渐尖细。从孢子的后端向前端方向常常包裹着一个无色透明的薄膜。孢子可分为背面和腹面,背面光滑无皱褶,并可见一长卵圆形的极囊,极囊一般较大,约为孢子长度的一半。孢子的腹面褶皱不平,形成形态各异、大小和数量不等的迷宫状沟回,沟回主要分布在孢子的中后端。偶见放出极丝的孢子,极丝较长,常为孢子长度的1倍以上。     

Essential oil of Aloysia citriodora Paláu and citral: sedative and anesthetic efficacy and safety in Rhamdia quelen and Ctenopharyngodon idella

ObjectiveTo verify the efficacy of citral in inducing sedation and anesthesia in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and to assess the safety of essential oil (EO) of Aloysia citriodora and citral in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish.Study designClinical study, randomized, parallel, multi-arm with control group in target species.AnimalsA total of 96 juvenile and 72 adult silver catfish and 80 juvenile grass carp were used.MethodsSilver catfish and grass carp were exposed to different concentrations of citral, 15–675 and 15–600 μL L^–1, respectively, during the maximum period of 30 minutes to verify sedation and anesthesia induction and recovery times. In addition, for anesthetic induction, silver catfish were exposed to the EO of A. citriodora and citral at 225 μL L^–1 for 3.5 minutes. Then, fish were transferred to an anesthesia maintenance solution at 50 μL L^–1 for 10 minutes to assess hematologic and biochemical variables at 60 minutes, 2 and 6 days after treatment.ResultsCitral only induced sedation from 15, 25 and 40 μLL^–1 in both species. Anesthesia without mortality was induced in silver catfish at 50–600 μL L^–1 and grass carp at 75–450 μL L^–1. At 675 and 600 μL L^–1, mortality was recorded in silver catfish and grass carp, respectively. The EO of A. citriodora and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish, with mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration being the only variable that varied in relation to time and treatments.Conclusions and clinical relevanceCitral was effective in inducing sedation and anesthesia in both species. In addition, A. citriodora EO and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish. Both agents are promising substances for the development of new drugs for fish.     

匙吻鲟苗种繁育技术

 匙吻鲟繁育技术要点是“三水一饵”,控制水温、调节水量、培育水质是保证繁育成功的必要条件,提高成活率的关键是投饲高蛋白高能量活饵料并注意及早预防小瓜虫、水霉病。另外,还对亲本鱼选留、培育和匙吻鲟养殖前景进行了展望。     

低磷低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶和蛋白酶对草鱼生长性能和消化生理的影响

本试验旨在研究低磷低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶和蛋白酶对草鱼生长性能、消化酶活性、营养物质表观消化率和免疫力的影响。试验选取平均体重为9.66 g的健康草鱼630尾,随机分为7个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。7组草鱼饲喂如下试验饲料:正常磷(磷酸二氢钙添加量2.0%)正常鱼粉(鱼粉添加量3.0%)饲料(对照)、低磷(磷酸二氢钙添加量1.3%)正常鱼粉饲料、低磷正常鱼粉并添加0.03%植酸酶饲料、正常磷低鱼粉(鱼粉添加量1.5%)饲料、正常磷低鱼粉并添加0.05%蛋白酶饲料、低磷和低鱼粉饲料、低磷低鱼粉并添加0.03%植酸酶和0.05%蛋白酶饲料。饲养试验持续56 d。结果显示:与饲喂正常磷正常鱼粉饲料草鱼相比,饲喂低磷低鱼粉饲料草鱼的增重率、特定生长率、营养物质(干物质、蛋白质、钙和磷)表观消化率、肠道消化酶(胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和淀粉酶)活性、血清溶菌酶活性均显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数和血清丙二醛含量显著升高(P<0.05)。在低磷正常鱼粉饲料、正常磷低鱼粉饲料、低磷低鱼粉饲料中分别添加植酸酶、蛋白酶、植酸酶与蛋白酶后,草鱼的上述指标均得到显著改善(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,在低磷低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶和蛋白酶能够提高草鱼的营养物质表观消化率、肠道消化酶活性和免疫力,从而改善其生长性能。     

不同禁牧时间对典型草原净初级生产力的影响

为了研究禁牧对典型草原生产能力的影响,对在不同时间采取禁牧措施的典型草原的生物量和净初级生产力进行了研究.结果表明,禁牧有利于生物量的提高,而且禁牧时间越长,生物量越高,禁牧17年、7年、2年以及放牧草原的生物量分别为3771.69g/m2、3248.33g/m2、2711.06g/m2和2348.50g/m2.草原生态系统地下生物量明显高于地上.3种禁牧草原的净初级力普遍高于放牧草原,分别为后者的1.23(禁牧2年)、1.20(禁牧7年)和1.08倍(禁牧17年),但是净初级生产力并不随禁牧时间的增加而增加.典型草原物质价值由高到低的顺序为:禁牧17年(1011.68元/hm2·a)＞禁牧7年(600.32元/hm2·a)＞禁牧2年(521.52元/hm2·a)＞放牧草原(301.28元/hm2·a).以上结果表明,禁牧对典型草原的净初级生产力及生物量有明显影响,采取禁牧措施有利于典型草原生产能力的恢复.     

Effects of Selenium Yeast on Growth Performance and Some Blood Biochemical Indexes in Laying Ducks of Rearing Period in Cages under High Ambient Temperature

The study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of selenium yeast(SeY, added as selenium content) on growth performance and some biochemical indexes in Jinding laying ducks under high temperature (29-35℃). 144 Jinding laying ducks of rearing period (10-16 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups, control group, experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ, supplemented with 0, 0.15, 0.45 and 0.75 mg/kg Se, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, the addition of SeY to the diets could significantly increase the average daily feed intakes (ADFI) of ducks at 14-16 weeks old (P<0.05); The body weights of ducks in group Ⅰ at 13-15 weeks old were significant higher than that in the control group (P<0.05),and the body weight at 16 weeks old was higher than the other three groups significantly (P<0.05),there was no significant difference between the body weight and standard body weight at 16 weeks old in group Ⅰ(P>0.05), but the body weights of other three groups were extremely significantly lower than the standard weight (P<0.01); There was no significant difference among the four groups for feed to gain ratios (F/G), while the group Ⅰ was the lowest; AST activities of group Ⅰ were significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P<0.05), LDH activities of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were lower than the control group significantly (P<0.05), and LDH activities of groupⅠ were lower than groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ significantly (P<0.05). TCH concentrations of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were higher than group Ⅲ significantly (P<0.05). It is concluded that the addition of 0.15 mg/kg of Se (added as SeY) could obviously improve the growth performance of the laying ducks in reared cages, protect the function of liver, promote the TCH concentrations of duck serum.     

氧化鱼油对鲤鱼生产性能和肌肉组织结构的影响

将新鲜鱼油(过氧化物值 ,POV ,1.28meqO2/kg)和POV分别为59.28、118.79、159.85、189.37、331.82和367.86meqO2/kg 的6个氧化程度不同的鱼油按3 %加入半纯化饲料中 ,投喂60g左右二龄鲤鱼鱼种9周。结果表明 :氧化鱼油损害鲤鱼生产性能 ,即降低鲤鱼增重率(P<0.05)、增加饲料系数(P<0.05) ;氧化鱼油导致肝体比(HSI)、肾体比(KSI)和脾体比(SSI)增加 ,以POV为59.28meqO2/kg 的低氧化程度鱼油增加幅度最高 ,超过此氧化程度 ,增加态势相对减弱 ,这预示低量氧化产物刺激肝胰脏、肾脏和脾脏增生 ,高量氧化产物破坏性增强 ,抑制增生作用 ;氧化鱼油破坏肌肉组织 ,使肌纤维间隙急剧扩大、肌原纤维降解、肌原纤维模式紊乱。     

鲤浮肿病毒荧光RAA快速检测方法的建立

为建立一种简单、快速的鲤浮肿病毒(CEV)重组酶介导的链替换扩增(RAA)检测方法,本研究通过比较分析CEVP4a基因序列,设计引物与探针,经过筛选优化,建立了实时荧光RAA检测方法。结果显示,该方法在39℃恒温反应20min即可快速、特异性地检测出CEV,与常见的鱼类病毒不发生交叉反应,其对质粒标准品的检测下限为2.8×10^1拷贝/μL,组内和组间变异系数均小于5%。利用本研究建立的方法对35份临床鲤科鱼类样品进行检测,检测结果与荧光定量PCR方法结果一致。本研究建立的检测方法操作简单,特异性强、敏感性高,结果可靠,不依赖于复杂的仪器,适用于现场对CEV的快速检测。     

Spinal deformity in triploid grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes)

From mid-2004 to mid-2005, several grass carp, Ctenophayngodon idella (Valenciennes), showing evidence of spinal deformity were presented to the Aquatic Animal Health Program, Cornell University. The carp were from three separate locations in New York State. The first case involved several fish from a natural body of water in the Catskill Mountain region of south-eastern New York State. The second was a single affected individual from a private pond in the Fingerlakes region of Central New York State. The third was a single individual from the Cold Springs Harbor Fish Hatchery, Cold Springs Harbor, Long Island. All fish were at least 7 years of age. Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans revealed the deformities to be of bony origin. The spinal deformities were characterized by variable amounts of kyphosis, scoliosis and rotation. While it is not possible to determine the specific cause(s) of the lesions, we consider a genetic component as a likely contributor to the observed pathology.