以纽约为案例的城市化对落叶阔叶林死地被层重金属含量的影响

本文用长 1 4 0km、宽 2 0km的生态样带研究纽约市“市区 -郊区 -农区”落叶阔叶林死地被层中重金属变化格局 ,从而分析城市化和人类活动对森林地被层的污染关系。DCA结果表明 ,重金属总量城区明显高于效区 ,郊区则明显高于农区。重金属含量与距市中心的距离、城市土地利用率、人口密度、机动车密度、公路密度都有非常显著的相关关系。大气污染是森林地被层中重金属的主要来源。     

海南中部国家重点生态功能区农户粮食生产与生态要素的函数研究——以琼中县为例

以重点生态功能区内的琼中县为例,将自然资本和农户家庭特征作为生产要素纳入水稻的生长函数中,根据农户问卷调查数据,结合遥感信息解译结果,构建了琼中县水稻生产函数。结果表明:村庄内部及周边的天然植被、人工林面积均与水稻单产存在显著正相关;在琼中县目前的施肥情况下,尿素与水稻产量存在正相关,而复合肥和磷肥与水稻单产没有显著相关关系;农户劳动力是影响水稻单产的重要因素,随着外出务工人数的增加,水稻单产呈下降趋势;非农家庭的水稻产量显著低于纯农家庭和兼业家庭。     

沈阳市石人山等自然保护区植物多样性分析

开展沈阳市石人山等自然保护区植物物种调查,进行保护区植物多样性分析,总结存在问题,提出保护对策。     

Variation in seed and seedling traits among natural populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonobalanus doichangensis</Emphasis> (A. Camus) Forman (Fagaceae), a rare and endangered plant in southwest China

The extent of genetic variation in seed and seedling traits of Trigonobalanus doichangensis, a rare and endangered tree in southwest China, was evaluated at the population level. Seeds were collected from four natural populations in the south and southwest Yunnan province, China. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between populations were observed in seed length, seed weight and seedling morphological characters. The analyses revealed that none of the seed and seedling traits had significant correlations with the geo-climatic variables of the populations. Among seed and seedling traits, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were discovered among seed length, seed weight and height of 30-day-old seedlings. Significant correlation (r = 1.00, P < 0.01) occurred also between the height and root collar diameter of 4-year-old seedlings. With the exception of seed width and seed germination percentage, 51–96% of total variation in other seed and seedling related traits was attributed to population effect, as determined by the broad sense heritability. In conclusion, these observations on variation in seed and seedling traits should be a reference point, when considering seed collection of this species for ex situ conservation and species restoration.     

水稻顺流干燥工艺缓苏过程的研究

系统地分析了水稻顺流干燥工艺中,谷物温度、降水幅度、初始水分对缓苏过程的影响,通过计算机求解扩散模型,揭示出缓苏与提高干燥能力之间的关系。该文求解出的谷物内部传热传质模型的模拟值与实验结果相符。     

近代安徽自然灾害与乡民的习俗信仰

安徽历史上自然灾害极其频繁,近代以降更是连年不断,灾荒过后往往是饥民遍野,疫病肆虐,并使经济凋敝、社会动荡不安,从而导致是民间迷信风气泛滥,近代安徽乡民的习俗信仰主要包括含有许多不科学成分和不合理因素的各种农事民俗,浓郁的祈神求丰的宗教信仰,以及愚昧落后的文化生活,这些习俗信仰正是大灾之后乡民精神上荒芜的体现。     

How to maintain improved cultivars

Improved cultivars loose their identity and healthiness unless maintained properly. Contaminating and degrading forces, such as outcrossing, volunteer plants, mixing, natural selection, mutation and seed-borne diseases, are at the root of this. Maintenance selection can prevent this deterioration. How it is carried out depends on the reproduction system of the crop. Crops are therefore classified into four categories; typical cross-pollinating crops, self-pollinating crops with a substantial amount of outcrossing, typical self-pollinating crops with little outcrossing, and the vegetatively reproduced crops. Generally some of the “breeder seed” is used to plant a small plot with spaced plants. A fair number of healthy plants of the cultivar type is selected and the seed is harvested per plant. The progenies of the selected plants are grown in small plots. Non-uniform or deviating plots and plots with a seed-borne disease are removed. The seed of the progenies that are healthy, uniform and similar (and so of the cultivar type) are harvested per progeny to be tested next season on larger plots. The same selection is applied and only the seed of the progenies that are healthy, uniform and similar are harvested together to produce the “breeder seed”. The details of this maintenance selection vary with the reproduction system, the multiplication rate of the crop and the possibilities available to the breeder. Seven crops, potato, common bean, barley, wheat, faba bean, quinoa and maize are discussed here as they represent the different reproduction systems and multiplication rates, while being important Andean food crops.     

谷物干燥控制的研究与探索

本文通过对谷物干燥过程所涉及的控制策略进行全面分析和总结，针对现存问题。提出了模糊控制、神经网络和遗传算法综合应用于谷物干燥过程控制的发展前景。     

长武塬区苹果园和农田相互转换的深层土壤水环境效应

研究长武塬区苹果园和农田相互转换后0～1 000 cm土壤含水量特征,分析了苹果园土壤干燥化和苹果园转换为农田后土壤水分的恢复效应。结果表明:2、7、17、23、29 a苹果园200～1 000 cm的平均土壤含水量分别为22.8%、21.4%、16.8%、15.4%、14.9%。500～1 000 cm土层中,29 a苹果园平均土壤含水量(14.5%)高于23 a的果园(13.3%);17～29 a的苹果园均表现为轻度干燥化;基于苹果园和农田转换后土壤水分变化情况估算,苹果园最大种植年限为21 a。苹果园转换为农田1、5、10 a后,农田200～1 000 cm土层土壤含水量分别为:15.3%、15.7%和16.2%,恢复到土壤稳定湿度以上的土层厚度分别为140 cm(1 a)、220 cm(5 a)和400 cm(10 a)。