紫贻贝磷脂的贮藏性能

对不同贮藏温度下紫贻贝磷脂含量及其组分的变化情况进行了研究。在30℃、4℃、-10℃、-20℃分别贮藏贻贝,随着温度的上升,磷脂含量的下降速度加快。对贮藏3d后的贻贝磷脂进行组分分析,磷脂各组分的相对百分比都发生了变化,并且随温度的升高PC的降解速度大大加快,所占的百分比快速下降,而LPC的比例有不同程度的增加。     

Expression of taurine transporter in response to hypo-osmotic stress in the mantle of Mediterranean blue mussel

Expression of taurine transporter in response to osmotic stress was investigated at the protein level in the mantle of the Mediterranean blue mussel by using the specific antibody raised against the carboxy-terminal region of the deduced amino acid sequence of mussel taurine transporter. Immunohistochemical observation revealed that taurine transporter was expressed in the mantle and the expression was up-regulated in response to hypo-osmotic stress, while down-regulated in response to hyper-osmotic stress. Western blot analysis revealed major protein bands corresponding to 62 kDa and 65 kDa. In response to hypo-osmotic stress, the 62 kDa band became more intense, while it became less intense when the ambient osmolality was elevated. These results suggested that the 62 kDa taurine transporter would be implicated in hypo-osmotic adaptation.     

Culture of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) fed both phytoplankton and zooplankton: a microcosm experiment

With a 10‐week microcosm experiment, we demonstrated that the mussel Mytilus edulis could feed and grow upon zooplankton, phytoplankton and mixture of them. The group supplied with the mixture showed the highest shell growth rate, egestion rate and largest size of faecal pellets. Individuals feeding on seawater (the control group) had the lowest growth rate, egestion rate and smallest size of faecal pellets. Egestion rates and faecal sizes of all the groups decreased with experimental time. Therefore, the mussel M. edulis could derive energy from many kinds of diet particles. Most of these particles within the water column may play an important role in bivalve nutrition, feeding and aquaculture. A mixed diet of phytoplankton and zooplankton yielded better growth performance and metabolism than diets of each fed separately.     

An analysis of price formation in the Dutch mussel industry

This paper presents the findings of a study aimed at identifying the determinants of price formation in the mussel industry in the Netherlands. The Netherlands is one of the major producers of mussels in Europe and the largest exporter. As such it is expected to have an important influence on price formation in Europe. The investigation of price formation attempted to identify the most important determinants of price at the wholesale market level and to test any interactions between the Dutch market and other markets in Europe. Estimation was by means of an econometric demand analysis using monthly data from the single auction market at Yerseke. The Dutch market was found to be highly competitive, with price highly responsive to supply, quality and seasonality. This short-term price elasticity is paired with price-inelastic short-term supply. Therefore there is potential for shifting the demand curve without inducing a shift in supply. The implications of these results are discussed and suggestions for marketing put forward.     

Settlement and recruitment patterns of Mytilus galloprovincialis L. in the Ría de Ares-Betanzos (NW Spain) in the years 2004/2005

The present study explores the settlement and recruitment capacity of Mytilus galloprovincialis L. on artificial collectors in the Ría de Ares‐Betanzos (Galicia, NW Spain) in 2004 and 2005 following standard industrial techniques. Three locations in the ría (Arnela, Redes and Miranda) were selected to investigate larvae settlement after the main spawning event (July 2004/2005). Assessment of the recruitment capacity was performed in autumn (September 2004/2005) when mussel seed is usually gathered from the collector ropes and introduced into industrial cultivation at low densities. For both years, the highest settlement densities were recorded at the most seaward location, Miranda. Differences in settlement densities between locations are discussed in terms of the water circulation regime in the ría and the local hydrographic conditions. In 2004, statistical differences in post‐settlement mortality resulted in similar recruitment densities at Arnela and Miranda, which were higher than at Redes. In 2005, recruitment densities in Redes and Arnela could not be assessed because predators (Spondyliosoma cantharus L.) eliminated the settled population at these locations. Site‐specific differences in recruitment density may be attributed to the environmental limitations of each location as well as intra‐specific competition.     

Isolation and characterization of a novel 45 kDa calponin-like protein from anterior byssus retractor muscle of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

SUMMARY: A calponin-like protein of 45 kDa was isolated from mussel anterior byssus retractor muscle (ABRM) and its inhibitory effects on actomyosin Mg²⁺-ATPase was demonstrated. The 2-D electrophoresis for ABRM myofibrils gave a spot of 45 kDa protein in addition to myofibrillar proteins such as myosin and actin. The 45 kDa protein, which was more basic and showed a slightly higher molecular weight than actin, was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography and subjected to chymotryptic digestion. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of polypeptide fragments produced gave two sequences, ASQKGMTSFGAVRHH and GMDRALISKMGSKYDSGL, both of which showed a high homology to those of vertebrate calponins and invertebrate calponin-related proteins. Furthermore, the 45 kDa protein strongly reacted with commercially available antibody raised against chicken smooth muscle calponin, demonstrating that the mussel ABRM 45 kDa protein is a new member of the calponin family. Then, actomyosin Mg²⁺-ATPase activity of ABRM was measured in the presence and absence of the 45 kDa protein. The 45 kDa protein clearly inhibited actomyosin Mg²⁺-ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner as in the case of other vertebrate calponins. These results indicate that the 45 kDa calponin-like protein is involved in the thin filament-associated regulation of molluscan smooth muscle contraction, possibly of a unique contraction called catch.     

甲基异柳磷、水胺硫磷对紫贻贝（Mytilus edulis）生长的影响

本文利用电视显微测量仪作为一种新的光电测试方法，研究了甲基异柳磷和水胺硫磷对贻贝生长的影响。实验表明，当暴露于浓度为０．５６ｍｇ·Ｌ￣（－１）和０．３ｍｇ·Ｌ￣（－１）的甲基异柳磷和水胺硫磷４－６天后，贻贝的生长即可受到明显的抑制。两种农药对贻贝９天ＥＣ＿（５０）值分别为０．４２ｍｇ·Ｌ￣（－１）和０．６０ｍｇ·Ｌ￣（－１）。甲基异柳磷和水胺硫磷还可抑制贻贝的摄食率和滤水率。生长受到严重抑制的贻贝，在转到清洁海水后，６天内生长会恢复到正常水平。     

Settlement of Ostrea edulis is determined by the availability of hard substrata rather than by its nature: Implications for stock recovery and restoration of the European oyster

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Growth variations within a farm of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) held near fish cages: importance for the implementation of integrated aquaculture

Fish farming releases extensive amounts of particulate organic waste that can be exploited by bivalves in integrated culture. We tested if mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis cultured at two depths (1 and 6 m) in a raft, moored 170 m from a fish farm had greater growth than bivalves held 550 m from the fish cages. Mussel growth was monitored monthly, covering the second phase of the culture, from thinning‐out to harvest (March to November 2011). We also studied if fish solid and dissolved nutrients increased the organic content of the seston and chlorophyll‐a levels near the fish cages through weekly samples. Results showed no differences in seston, chlorophyll and physiochemical characteristics of the water among rafts. Maximum growth and Condition Index (CI) occurred during spring–summer (April–August), when mussels had access to greater food quality and quantity. Mussels cultivated close to the cages showed similar shell length, weight and CI compared with mussels distant from the fish farm. Average shell length, meat dry weight and CI at harvest were 76.31 mm, 2.51 g and 23%. Bivalves cultured distant from the fish cages displayed 26% higher biomass than the other raft at the end of the experiment. Differences in biomass were explained by the significantly higher recruitment of mussel seed observed at the raft distant from the fish cages from June to November. The lack of a significant enhancement in growth of the bivalves cultured next to finfish is discussed.