多功能水处理菌PseudomonasstutzeriCDNl的絮凝特性研究

[目的]研究多功能水处理菌PseudomonasstutzeriCDNI的絮凝特性。[方法]对实验室分离获得的一株具有好氧反硝化特性的菌株P．stutzeriCDNl进行了絮凝特性研究,从碳源、氮源、培养温度、通气量等方面进行了该菌最适产絮凝剂的培养条件优化,并分析其所产絮凝剂的成分。[结果]菌株PstutzeriCDNl的最佳产絮凝剂的培养条件：培养温度为37℃,转速为150r／min,初始pH为7．0,碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为酵母粉。通过冷冻干燥得到的絮凝剂粗产物的产率是6．05g/L,主要成分为多糖和核酸,其中多糖占55％。[结论]该菌株对研究废水生物处理具有很大意义。     

产香真菌ZY-2菌株鉴定及其挥发性物质抑菌活性测定与组分分析

[目的]鉴定产香真菌ZY-2,测定、分析其挥发性物质的抑菌活性及挥发性物质组分,筛选产有益挥发物质菌株.[方法]通过18S rDNA序列分析对产香真菌ZY-2进行分子生物学鉴定;以5种植物病原真菌为目标菌,测定ZY-2菌株挥发性物质的抑菌活性,并采用气质联用仪（GC-MS）对挥发性物质组分进行分析.[结果]产香真菌ZY-2在PDA培养基上不产孢,18S rDNA序列分析将该菌鉴定为蒙塔涅梨孢假壳（Apiospora montagnei Sacc.）;ZY-2挥发性物质对5种植物病原真菌均有一定的抑制作用,随着处理时间延长抑制率有一定变化;挥发性物质的主要成分为苯乙醇,其相对含量为98.982％.[结论]产香真菌ZY-2的苯乙醇相对含量高,有作为生物生产苯乙醇的开发潜力.     

Mutation Techniques for Gene Discovery and Crop Improvement

One of the most important breakthroughs in the history of genetics ）was the discovery that mutations can be artificially induced in organisms （van Harten, 1998）. Artificially induced mutations, by physical and chemical mutagens, have greatly advanced the understanding of genetics of higher organisms. Starting in the late 1960＇s, the International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA） and the Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO） of the United Nations sponsored extensive research on mutation induction and their application to breeding of food and indnstrial crops that resulted in the introduction of new varieties of rice, wheat, barley, apples, citrus, sugar cane, banana, and others （more than 2 500 officially released new varieties are to be found in the FAO/IAEA Mutant Varieties Database） （hitp：//www-mvd.iaea.org/MVD/default.htm）. However, the usefulness of mutation techniques has been underappreciated in research communities, particularly during the last decade, when more and more researchers and breeders were rushing into molecular marker techniques and transgenic plants. In this paper, after a brief review of the past accomplishments of mutation induction and its application, we discuss the uniqueness of induced mutations in gene discovery and how to integrate induced mutants into functional genomics programs;     

几个粳稻不育系、恢复系产量性状配合力研究

新粳型不育系和恢复系是通过籼粳交或粳粳交的方式培育而成的中间型稳定品系,杂交组合的育性正常或接近正常。粳型不育系和恢复系配组,杂种F1的产量性状差异显著或极显著。组合9512A/R364、73A/R55、150A/R198、9512A/R2690、150A/R55,具有产量的正向超亲、超标优势,另一些组合呈显著或极显著的负向优势;本研究产量性状一般配合力好的不育系是中14A、辽150A、73A、9512A、9214A,恢复系是R198-2、R238、R46、C418、R364和花38;亲本的产量性状一般配合力和特殊配合力在不同性状的作用没有交叉。杂种优势的表现与双亲亲和力高低、配合力高低有明显的相关性。辽150A、9512A的超亲优势明显,R198、R55、R2690、R364、C204等恢复系具有较强的杂交优势。不育系对产量性状的作用显著大于恢复系。     

Effect of dietary betaine levels on growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in freshwater

An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine levels on the growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (mean initial body weight: 78.3 ± 1.3 g, means ± SD). Six practical diets were formulated with the incorporation of betaine at the levels of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g kg⁻¹. Survival showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). The highest and lowest weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed for fish fed the diets containing 5 and 0 g kg⁻¹ (control) betaine, respectively. Feed intake showed similar trend with WG and SGR. In contrast, feed conversion ratio was the lowest when dietary betaine level was 5 g kg⁻¹. In general, dietary betaine supplementation showed no significant effect on hepatic composition of tilapia. Condition factor and viscerosomatic index tended to increase with increasing dietary betaine levels from 0 to 5 g kg⁻¹ and then decline when dietary betaine levels further increased from 5 to 25 g kg⁻¹. In contrast, hepatosomatic index declined with increasing dietary betaine levels (P < 0.05). Dietary betaine levels significantly influenced several hepatic enzymatic activities, including succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, suggesting that dietary betaine addition had significant effects on nutrient metabolism in the liver. Based on the second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG, 12.5 g kg⁻¹ of dietary betaine level seemed optimal for genetically improved farmed tilapia strain of O. niloticus.     

坛紫菜耐高温品系的选育与海区中试

利用人工诱变和体细胞再生技术,选育出可在30℃下生长的坛紫菜耐高温品(Q-1),实验结果表明:(1)在高温(28℃和30℃)下培养15d,Q-1品系的壳孢子成活率分别为76.8%和60.1%,分裂率分别为100%和83%;而对照组野生型(WT)品系的壳孢子成活率分别为15.9%和6.7%,分裂率分别为90.4%和63.8%。Q-1品系的壳孢子成活率和分裂率均远高于WT品系。(2)在常温(24℃)下培养35d的Q-1和WT品系壳孢子苗,在24℃、28℃和30℃组中再分别培养25d,Q-1品系的苗平均体长分别增加了19.4、10.8和2.8倍,而WT品系的苗平均体长分别只增加了7.3、1.7和0.9倍;Q-1品系的苗平均体长分别为WT品系的2.5、5.8和1.9倍。另外,在28℃和30℃中培养15d的WT品系幼苗发生了大面积腐烂;而Q-1品系幼苗没有出现任何烂苗迹象,表现出较好的生长。Q-1品系在海区中试中也表现出很好的耐高温特性。2008年秋季,坛紫菜采苗后遇到了长时间的高温天气,当地传统养殖的坛紫菜野生种发生了大规模腐烂与脱苗,产量大幅度减少;而Q-1品系的苗仍然维持良好的生长势头,没有出现烂苗,取得了高产。由此证实,Q-1品系是既能较快生长又耐高温的品系,有很大的生产应用价值。     

Genetic Diversity and Global Distribution of Citrus tristeza virus （CTV） Strains

Citrus tristeza virus （CTV）, the most devastating viral pathogen in citrus, causes tremendous economic losses to citrus industry worldwide. The CTV isolates exhibit variable pathogenicities on their ho...     

Genotyping of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Viruses Isolated from Cattle in Northern Italy

Following the first official report of a clinically severe outbreak of bovine viral diarrhoea disease occurring in a farm in northern Italy, which had originated from the use of a live vaccine contaminated with a strain of BVD genotype II virus, a retrospective study on the prevalence of BVDV genotypes in Italy became highly relevant. For this purpose, the genotype of 78 BVDV-positive specimens, obtained in 1998–1999 from dairy cattle in an area near to where the outbreak occurred, was characterized by PCR technology. Two sets of primers, spanning the 5 UTR of BVDV genome, were used sequentially in a first round of RT-PCR, performed on viral RNA extracted directly from 15 clinical samples and 63 BVDV-infected cell-culture fluids; a second PCR assay followed to selectively amplify only BVDV genotype II. All the viruses under study were characterized as BVDV genotype I. As well as contributing to a better understanding of the prevalence of BVDV genotypes in the field, the results of the present study illustrate the possibility that novel BVDV strains can emerge in susceptible animals through the use of contaminated immunobiological products for bovine use.     

棉花落叶型黄萎病菌的检测技术

采用Nit硝酸还原酶缺陷型突变体技术，共得到棉花黄萎病菌Nit突变体301个，其中A型155个，B型97个，C型29个。共检测到落叶型棉花黄萎病菌11株，除以前报道的6株外，发现了5个新菌株。针刺接种后，在棉株上均引起典型的落叶型症状。通过聚丙烯酰受凝胶电泳比较落叶型和非落叶型的8个代表菌株的蛋白质电泳图谱的差异，发现在浓度为7.5%的凝胶中，落叶型菌株有两条特异性的蛋白，其迁移率分别为Rf5=0.135,Rf9=0.405。用非落叶型菌株DF4、落叶型菌株SY12菌体的可溶性蛋白制备获得两个抗血清。用间接ELISA法检测，即能区分棉花黄萎病菌的立枯、枯萎、炭疽病菌，落叶型和非落叶型黄萎病菌均呈阳性反应，但落叶型黄萎病菌的OD值高于非落叶型黄萎病菌。