饥饿对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼不同组织抗氧化能力、Na＋／K＋-ATP酶活力和鱼体生化组成的影响

卵形鲳鲹（Trachinotusovatus）幼鱼经短期饥饿处理后测定其鳃、肝脏和肌肉中的总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、丙二醛（MDA）质量摩尔浓度、Na＋／K＋-ATP酶活力和全鱼生化组成。结果显示,饥饿7d后鳃丝和肌肉的T-AOC显著升高,肝脏的T-AOC显著下降（P〈0．01）;鳃丝和肌肉SOD活力均显著升高（P〈0．01）,肝脏的SOD活力变化不显著（P〉0．05）;鳃丝、肝脏和肌肉的b（MDA）在饥饿后上升,鳃丝b（MDA）与对照组差异极显著（P〈0．01）,肝脏b（MDA）与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0．05）,肌肉b（MDA）差异不显著（P〉0．05）。饥饿8d后鳃丝Na＋／K＋-ATP酶活力显著升高（P〈0．01）,肝脏Na＋／K＋-ATP酶活力显著下降（P〈0．01）,肌肉Na＋／K＋-ATP酶活力也有所升高（P〉0．05）;饥饿后鱼体水分质量分数上升,粗蛋白质量分数、粗脂肪质量分数和能值下降,而且相对损失率是粗脂肪〉粗蛋白,表明卵形鲳鲹幼鱼在饥饿早期主要消耗脂肪向机体提供能量,随着饥饿时间的延长,蛋白质将被消耗。     

海州湾秋季坛子网网目选择性研究

2018年秋季,利用囊网内径网目为25、35、45、55 mm的坛子网在黄海海州湾渔场N 35°02.335′,E 119°24.842′附近海域进行了11网次试验。从Logistic选择性模型、坛子网不同网目对主要渔获物小黄鱼的选择性曲线、渔获物组成、幼鱼比例及选择性分析等方面,研究坛子网网囊的选择性。试验结果显示,坛子网九月主要渔获物为小黄鱼、带鱼和三疣梭子蟹;随网囊网目尺寸的增加,渔获物质量逃逸率及尾数逃逸率均迅速增加,网目尺寸为55 mm时其值均超过80%,且质量逃逸率及尾数逃逸率的值比较接近;渔获物组成中,小黄鱼、银鲳和三疣梭子蟹幼体比例非常高,基本全为幼体,带鱼幼鱼比例也超过70%;根据小黄鱼的可捕体长,获得坛子网针对小黄鱼的最适网囊网目尺寸,为(40.59±3.19)mm。研究结果可为我国海州湾渔具管理以及渔业资源的可持续发展与管理提供科技支撑。     

Seasonal movements of silver kob, Argyrosomus inodorus, (Griffiths and Heemstra) in Namibian waters

A seasonal migration pattern for silver kob, Argyrosomus inodorus (Griffiths & Heemstra) is elucidated based on tag-recapture data. Spawning adults start migrating southwards against the north-westerly surface currents at the beginning of the austral summer from the northern end of their distributional range to their spawning grounds, Sandwich and Meob Bays, at the southern end of their distributional range. It is suggested that after spawning larvae drift north with the current to the nursery areas, the West coast Recreational area (WCR). When juveniles reach the age of approximately 2 years they will gradually move north towards the adult feeding ground, the Skeleton Coast Park (SCP) waters. At the end of the spawning season when the surf-zone water temperature decreases to about 15 °C adult silver kob complete their spawning cycle by returning to the adult feeding ground, probably moving slightly offshore and with the current.     

Pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca (L.), catch in relation to juvenile density and water temperature in Pärnu Bay, Estonia

Abstract The abundance of 0+ pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca (L.), in trawls was compared with water temperature, water level and commercial catches 6–9 years later. The abundance of juveniles in autumn was positively correlated with the water temperature but not with water level in May or in June. The sum of a year abundance of juveniles showed a strong correlation with the catch years later. This abundance and the cumulative water temperature between August and October inclusive in five consecutive years one year prior to recruitment into the commercial fishery explained 86% of the variation in catches. This empirical model indicates that catches of pikeperch depend on both juvenile abundance and water temperature.     

Three cone opsin genes and cone cell arrangement in retina of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thunnus orientalis</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   In bluefin tuna aquaculture, collision of juveniles with the tank or net walls is a major cause of high mortality. This problem may be related to color sensibility of the visual mechanisms of this species. As a first step in understanding of color vision of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis , we applied a molecular technique and histology to study cone cell distribution in the retina of juvenile fish. We isolated three cone opsin genes encoding one blue-sensitive ( SWS2 ) and two green-sensitive ( RH2 ) visual pigments. In situ hybridization revealed that SWS2 mRNA is localized in the single-cone photoreceptors. The localization of the two RH2 signals in distinct cone cells was not determined, probably because of the high homology between the two RH2 genes. Single-cone photoreceptors appeared frequently in the ventral–temporal retina in approximately 80-mm fish and in the temporal retina in approximately 230-mm fish. These cone distributions may define a visual field with best color contrast vision in front and above the fish with a short wavelength (blue) reflecting target (sensed by single cones), and may be enhanced against the longer wavelength (green) background when fish see a target below them (sensed by double cones).     

Cardiac function in juvenile salmon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmo salar L</Emphasis>) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)

Salmon alevins responded to LPS with an initial increase in heart rate followed by a steady decrease over 2–3 days exposure and after 4 days heart rate had decreased significantly compared to control alevins. Effects of increasing concentrations of the inhibitor 1400W, which is highly specific for iNOS, were investigated in LPS exposed and control alevins. In alevins exposed to LPS for 4 days the heart rate increased a few seconds after addition of 1400W which was attributed to the vasoconstrictory effects of lowered levels of NO. In unexposed alevins application of the inhibitor 1400W resulted in decreased heart rate after about 30 min. A possible explanation for the decrease in heart rate resulting from an LPS challenge is that increased expression of iNOS produces increased NO levels and vasodilation. There is support for this idea since inhibition of iNOS using 1400W reverses this response. The results suggest that larval fish have at least some elements of a functional cytokine signalling system.     

去皮豆粕对幼建鲤生长性能和肠道的影响

幼建鲤(Cyprinus carpiovar.jian)初始体质量(10.29±0.10)g,分别饲喂去皮豆粕蛋白占总蛋白0、25%、50%、75%和100%的等氮饲料代替白鱼粉蛋白,进行为期9周的生长实验。结果表明,随去皮豆粕增加,SGR下降,饲料系数升高。当替代50%时,SGR、肠重和前肠后肠皱襞高度显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数、中肠后肠溶菌酶含量和抗体水平显著升高(P<0.05);50%~100%大豆蛋白组出现肠道皱襞顶端上皮细胞脱落、固有层白细胞数量增多等症状。由本结果可知,高比例去皮豆粕抑制幼建鲤生长,并使其肠道生长受阻和结构受损从而导致消化吸收能力下降,降低饲料利用率;肠道损伤的原因涉及肠道非特异性和特异性免疫反应;在饲料总蛋白水平为33%时,去皮豆粕在体质量为10~35g幼建鲤饲料中替代白鱼粉蛋白的适宜比例为25%。     

一种资源保护型蟹笼的初步试验

任何新渔具渔法的开发，必须同时考虑到资源保护。针对笼捕梭子蟹作业开发和推广过程中出现的蟹笼网目较小、幼蟹渔获率高等弊病，在梭子蟹入笼机制、行为习性观察基础上设计制作了资源保护（幼蟹释放）型蟹笼，并进行多次试验。结果认为，蟹笼似选择安装每只直径８ｃｍ的幼蟹释放孔装置方式，达到保护梭子蟹资源目的。     

北亚热带高山区日本落叶松幼龄林施肥技术的研究

对"八五"期间设置在湖北大老龄林场的日本落叶松幼龄林进行了施肥试验,研究了不同施肥量、不同N、P配比、不同施肥次数及其交互作用对日本落叶松幼林及其后续生长的影响.结果表明:在本试验条件下,不同施肥量对日本落叶松幼龄林的生长影响不显著; N、P比不同对施肥后3年内的日本落叶松生长量有显著影响,各生长量随N肥施用比例的减少、P肥比例的增加而呈下降趋势,至1998年(12年生),N、P比为1∶ 0的高、径、材积分别比N、P比为1∶1的提高5.79%、6.58%和19.38%;施肥次数对日本落叶松生长的影响很小,与1次施肥相比,2次施肥既起不到增产效果,又增加了营林成本.施肥量为25g·株-1、仅施N肥并1次施入的各年生长量均显著高于其它多数组合,其胸径、树高和材积生长量分别比其它处理提高16.7%、9.7%和26.2%,增产效果显著.     

CHANGES IN LIPIDS OF MUSSEL DURING STORAGE

ＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＬＩＰＩＤＳＯＦＭＵＳＳＥＬＤＵＲＩＮＧＳＴＯＲＡＧＥＸｕｅＣｈａｎｇｈｕ，ＷａｎｇＹｉｓｈｅｎｇ，ＬｉＺｈａｏｊｉｅ，ＬｏｕＷｅｉｆｅｎｇ（ＯｃａａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＱｉｎｇｄａｏ２６６００３）ＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＬＩＰＩＤ...