矛尾虾虎鱼仔稚鱼脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的发育观察

采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术,研究矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)仔稚鱼(体长范围为4.7~45.1 mm)脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的形态发育特征。结果显示:4.7 mm个体脊索为无分节的长圆柱形;5.3 mm个体随着髓弓、脉弓和尾下骨的出现,脊柱开始发育;7.1 mm个体髓弓与脉弓延伸形成髓棘与脉棘,脊柱出现分节的硬骨环,并从前往后硬骨化;22.9 mm个体脊柱形成40~43枚椎骨(躯椎15枚,尾椎25~28枚)。矛尾虾虎鱼附肢骨骼系统的发育顺序依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、第二背鳍与臀鳍、第一背鳍与腹鳍。4.8 mm个体可见软骨质的胸鳍支鳍骨和乌喙骨-肩胛软骨,以及部分骨化的匙骨;16.8 mm个体肩带开始骨化。腹鳍支鳍骨最早在8.9 mm个体出现,在17.0 mm个体开始骨化。6.6 mm个体脊索上方中部与肛门后端分别出现13和11枚软骨质的支鳍骨;第二背鳍先于第一背鳍出现,背鳍支鳍骨与臀鳍支鳍骨分别在13.0 mm和12.1 mm个体中开始由前向后骨化,第二背鳍与臀鳍第1枚鳍条分别在22.7 mm和20.6 mm个体中锐化成背棘与臀棘。5.8 mm个体最早出现2枚尾下骨,随着脊索末端向上弯曲,10.9 mm个体尾鳍基本成型,共有2枚尾上骨、1枚尾杆骨、1枚尾椎髓体、1枚侧尾下骨和3枚尾下骨,且第2枚与第3枚尾下骨已愈合完全,24.3 mm个体尾鳍骨化基本完成。矛尾虾虎鱼仔稚鱼骨骼发育研究结果对其分类鉴定和早期发育功能趋向有重要作用。     

饥饿对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮和生长的影响#br#

为了给拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)苗种培育过程中饵料的合理投喂提供基础理论数据,采用投喂-饥饿和饥饿-投喂的处理方式对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹分别开展营养储存饱和点实验(PRS)和不可恢复点实验(PNR),研究饥饿对大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮和生长的影响。结果显示,大眼幼体的PRS实验中,投喂时间≤2 d时,大眼幼体的蜕皮率为0;投喂时间≥4 d时,大眼幼体的蜕皮率和发育时间与连续投喂组(F组)无显著性差异;但投喂4 d-饥饿组(F4S组)大眼幼体蜕皮后Ⅰ期仔蟹的增重率和个体大小均显著小于F组(P<0.05)。大眼幼体的PNR实验中,饥饿2 d时大眼幼体的存活率仅为(30.00±13.23)%。Ⅰ期仔蟹的PRS实验中,连续饥饿组(S组)Ⅰ期仔蟹的蜕皮率为0,而投喂2 d-饥饿组(F2S组)、投喂3 d-饥饿组(F3S组)和F组3组Ⅰ期仔蟹的蜕皮率均无显著性差异。投喂1 d-饥饿组(F1S组)和F2S组Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮后Ⅱ期仔蟹的增重率和个体大小均显著小于F组(P<0.05),且F1S组Ⅰ期仔蟹的发育时间显著延长(P<0.05)。Ⅰ期仔蟹的PNR实验中,除饥饿1 d-投喂组(S1F组)外,F组Ⅰ期仔蟹的蜕皮率显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05);各组Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮后Ⅱ期仔蟹的增重率与饥饿时间呈负相关,而发育时间却与饥饿时间呈正相关;饥饿时间≥2 d时,Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮后Ⅱ期仔蟹的个体大小明显变小。拟合分析结果显示,大眼幼体的PRS;值是3.57 d,Ⅰ期仔蟹的PRS;和PNR;值分别是0.90 d和2.01 d。研究结果表明,新蜕皮的大眼幼体必须给予充足的饵料才可确保高的存活率,大眼幼体投喂6 d后可以适当减少投喂量,短期饥饿对Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕壳和生长的影响相对较小,Ⅰ期仔蟹的耐饥饿能力强于大眼幼体。     

长江常熟溆浦段中华鲟幼鱼出现时间与数量变动

2002-2009年,依托长江渔业资源管理委员会办公室设立在长江常熟溆浦江段的渔业资源监测网(定置张网),对降河中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)幼鱼进行了监测分析.结果表明,中华鲟幼鱼每年主要于5-7月在常熟溆浦江段出现,出现时间平均86.6 d(n=8),所采获样本(n=8)全长、体长和体质量年度平均值的变化范围分别为25.2～40.1cm、23.2～33.5em和70.7～314.8g.各年采获样本数量差异较大,从2002至2009年呈现出较明显的递减趋势,各年采获样本数量最多的旬也不一致,变化时间为5月中旬至6月下旬.从幼鲟生长来看,不同年份相同时期采获样本的规格差异较大,同一年份同一时间采获样本的规格也存在一定的差异.与三峡工程截流以前进行比较,中华鲟幼鱼在长江口出现的时间没有明显变化,但出现较高数量比例的时间由以前的6月变为5月中下旬和6月,幼鲟规格较截流前也有较大变化,推测造成这种改变的原因可能是因为人工增殖放流活动和三峡工程截流所导致的水文状况的变化.分析认为,水文状况可能是影响中华鲟幼鱼到达长江口时间的重要因素之一.     

水温和盐度对南美白对虾幼虾能量收支的影响

用室内生态实验法测定了南美白对虾幼虾在不同盐度(5,15或25)和水温(20～23℃,25℃,30℃或33℃)下摄食水丝蚓的能量收支方程。在盐度5～25时,随盐度降低,对虾的能量转换效率升高,同化率降低。在盐度为5时,K1最高(29.02%),同化率最低(77.89%)。对虾具补偿机制来补偿调节渗透压的能耗。盐度对同化率的影响,主要是通过影响呼吸代谢实现的。对虾的特定生长率(y)(%·d-1)随水温(X)(℃)上升而增加,其关系式为:y=0.0168LnX 0.0831(R2=0.9324)。对虾在较高温度下生长快,主要是增加绝对摄食量,提高吸收效率,减少粪便排泄量。在相同温度下,变温时对虾的摄食量高于恒温时。     

鼠尾藻有性繁殖和幼孢子体发育的形态学观察

野外跟踪观测烟台芦洋湾地区鼠尾藻的成熟繁殖状况,采集临近成熟的鼠尾藻至实验室培养,跟踪观测其卵子的排放、卵子和受精卵的发育、假根的生长以及幼孢子体的前期发育。试验结果表明,本地区鼠尾藻繁殖期集中在6—8月,鼠尾藻的卵子发育属8核1卵型,卵子受精后约20 h开始脱离生殖托,受精卵先连续进行2次的横分裂,而后再由一端的1个细胞发育成假根,另外2个发育成体细胞。幼孢子体在约2 mm时开始形成分枝突起。     

稚鱼生物饵料的DHA营养强化

综述了国内外海水稚鱼生物饵的ＤＨＡ营养强化技术研究及其应用状况，轮虫、卤虫的营养强化方法和注意事项。     

酸碱度和干露对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫和稚贝的影响

为探讨酸碱度和干露对墨西哥湾扇贝不同发育阶段的影响,2000年4月和2001年4月在浙江省玉环县抛西水产育苗场用实验生态的方法研究了酸碱度和干露对墨西哥湾扇贝浮游幼虫和稚贝生长和存活的影响。结果表明:pH值7～8存活率最高,生长最好。稚贝的耐干露能力低下。     

底拖网回捕增殖对虾对经济幼鱼的损害

1984～1986年在山东南部沿海八大港湾同步增殖放流体长3cm以上的虾苗14.9116亿尾,累计回捕增殖对虾1.4亿尾,平均回捕率为9.4％,其中拖网回捕增殖对虾累计为1184.7t,但损害的七种经济幼鱼累计为4402t,应引起重视这一问题。     

盐度对黄鲷胚胎发育及早期仔鱼生长的影响

The effect of salinity on embryo and early larva development of Dentex tumiforns was discussed. Floating forms of egg in different salinities, optimal salinity for embryonic development and early larva growth was studied. The results showed: 1. In immobile condition, all eggs sank at salinity of 32.0, most of egg ssuspended in the middle of water at 34.0, and all eggs floated on the surface when salinity above 36.0. 2. Eggs did not hatch out at salinity of below 10.0 or above 60.0 and the death time of egg gradually moved up with increase or decline of salinity. Eggs hatched out at salinity range of 15.0 and 50.0, including abnormal larva. There was indistinct difference in speed of embryonic development (about 36-40h) within the salinity of 15.0 and 50.0. However the salinity had a great effect on larval survival after hatching and abnormal rate. The relation between hatching rate and salinity variation showed parabola but abnormal rate showed inverted parabola. The hatching rate was 81%-86% and abnormal rate of yolk sac larva was 27%-30% in suitable salinities of 27.0-39.0. The hatching rate was 89%-91% and abnormal rate was 13%-16% in optimal salinities of 33.0-36.0. The oil ball of abnormal larva was located in the central or front position. With increased extent of salinity, spondyle of larva bended and number of larva with arrhythmia increased. 3. The optimal salinities were 30.0-35.0 based on SAI. The test with SAI showed that SAI of early larvae was 41.25-47.53 at salinities of 30.0-35.0, the yolk and oil ball of 7-8 days larva was completely absorbed with a survival rate of 88%.     

Recruitment patterns of six species of cyprinid fishes in the lower River Trent, England

Abstract – Fisheries data were collected for six species of 0-group cyprinid fishes from eight sites in the lower reaches of the River Trent, England, between May and October 1999 inclusive, using a micromesh seine net. Recruitment and growth patterns were observed via monthly length–frequency histograms and estimations of mean length. In the cases of roach and dace, growth was approximately linear through the summer, before declining in September and October. In the cases of chub and gudgeon, and to a lesser extent bream and bleak, however, there were suggestions of multiple recruitment events. It is argued that some of the fish species examined in the present study adopt fractional or protracted spawning strategies in the lower River Trent.