小盾片几何形态特征在10种鳃金龟分类中的应用

为探讨小盾片几何形态特征对金龟子分类鉴定的可行性和可靠性,以金龟子小盾片的几何形态测量特征为依据,对10种鳃金龟进行分类识别,利用TpsDig2软件在10种金龟子各20个样本的小盾片上,分别提取8个标记点,再利用PAST软件进行普氏叠加和薄板样条分析,消除大小、方向等非形状因素的影响后,得到小盾片8标记点形状的扭曲图像,最后利用SPSS 22.0进行判别分析。结果表明:对10种鳃金龟小盾片8个标记点坐标数据进行普氏叠加和薄板样条分析后,得到标记点位置折线图和扭曲图像,可直观看出10种鳃金龟小盾片形态差异主要发生在标记点2和6处;利用小盾片8个标记点坐标数据形成的几何形态特征进行判别分析,原始判别和交叉判别正确率均高达99.0%。因此,利用小盾片的几何形态特征可以对10种鳃金龟进行准确识别。     

多元统计分析在评价不同土地利用方式下土壤肥力中的应用

以重庆市荣昌县3种不同土地利用方式下土壤为研究对象,采用多元统计分析方法计算得出其土壤肥力因子2个主成分:(1)土壤有机质、土壤氮素因子;(2)土壤钾素因子。再借助SPSS13.0统计软件得出土壤肥力指标权重值及其方差极大旋转后主成分因子得分,最后计算其综合评价得分。结果表明:该地区土壤肥力质量情况总体上较差,其中林地土壤综合肥力水平最高,水田次之,旱地最低。     

基于多元统计分析的水污染评价

提出了水质污染的多元统计分析方法,并以湟水流域年平均水质污染指标为例,对其进行多元回归分析,实证分析结果满意。     

Brassinosteroid analogue effects on the yield of yellow passion fruit plants (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)

The effects of successive brassinosteroid analogue (BR) applications (0.1 mg l⁻¹ of brassinosteroid analogue BB-16) were evaluated on commercial yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) orchards in the first year of production. The treatments applied were: control, BR-1 (1 BR application shortly after the first flowers appeared), BR-2, BR-3, BR-4 and BR-5 (BR application in two, three, four and five consecutive weeks after the appearance of the first flowers, respectively). The fruits were collected for seven consecutive weeks (105 fruits treatment⁻¹) and fruit mass, length and diameter, soluble solid contents; pulp mass and peel thickness were evaluated in the laboratory. Multivariate analysis was performed in order to determine whether there were differences among the treatments taking into account all the measurements made. BR-3 was the most promising treatment because it produced the highest number of fruits plant⁻¹ (81.5) compared to the control (53.5) and the soluble solid content was 1 °Brix greater than the control. The BR-3 treatment resulted in a 65% increase in the estimated yield of the passion fruit plants, corresponding to 20 t ha⁻¹ compared to the control yield of 12 t ha⁻¹. The results showed that BB-16 sprayed during a period of reproductive development can increase the number of fruits per plant.     

四川盆地西缘柳杉人工林结构及生长预测的初步研究

运用多元统计分析的方法,研究了四川盆地西缘山地柳杉人工林的密度和直径—株数分布的规律,筛选出了影响林分密度的主导因子(林今年龄、地位指数和林分平均直径),并建立了林分密度预测模型。还根据西泽正久(1978)所提供的求解Weibull分布参数e的gamma和Cud数值表,对48块林令标准地的林木株数调查结果用Weibull分布函数进行了拟合。结果表明:有33块标准地的拟合结果经卡方检验达到极显著水牛(α=0.01),有10块标准地达显著水平(α=0.05),另有5块标准地的拟合结果则不符合weibull分布。在此基础上,对影响柳杉人上林Weibull分布函数的 b、c参数的林分结构因子进行了回归分析,并用易测林分结构因子建立了两个参数的预测模型。 通过建立上述预测模型,作者对柳杉人工林的结构和生长量进行了综合预测。经检验结果表明:本次研究所建立的预测模型达到精度要求,为森林资源预测、森林经营管理、抚育间伐提供科学依据。     

Genetic and morphological divergences between wild and captive‐bred populations of Salmo trutta abanticus

Salmo trutta abanticus is a non‐anadromous trout species native to Lake Abant and Seven Lakes in Turkey. A restocking programme by captive breeding was initiated in 1999 to support S. trutta abanticus population. Reared 2‐year‐old juveniles from randomly caught wild parental individuals in Maçka breeding farm were introduced into Lake Abant. We aimed to compare genetic and morphological divergences between wild‐ and captive‐bred populations using seven microsatellite loci and geometric morphometric measurements. A significant genetic and morphological divergences were detected between all population in F_st and canonical variate analysis based on geometric morphometric with 10 homolog landmark. Eighty‐six microsatellites alleles were recorded across loci. Number of private alleles, observed alleles and observed heterozygosity are statistically significant higher in Maçka captive‐bred population than Lake Abant and Seven Lakes populations. Of 42 tests, three departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were detected in all populations after Bonferroni correction. Two pairs of loci (Ssa85 – Str73 and Str73‐Str543) in Maçka, one pairs of loci (Ssa85‐Str73) in Abant and two pairs of loci (Ssa85‐Str60 and Str73‐Str543) in Seven Lakes populations show linkage disequilibrium. Population structure analysed with Structure software showed three genetic groups (?K = 3) in our studied populations. Relatedness estimates show higher mean relatedness values (r = 0.220 ± 0.230) for Maçka captive‐breed population than wild populations of Abant Lake and Seven Lakes (r = 0.140 ± 0.210 and r = 0.170 ± 0.200 respectively).     

不同施肥条件下的小麦籽粒代谢组学研究

为探究不同肥料对小麦籽粒代谢物的影响,通过非靶向代谢组学结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)与多元统计学的方法,对不同施肥条件下(常规施肥CK、缓控释肥一次性基施E、有机肥缓控释肥配施A、缓控释肥B、专家系统推荐施肥NE)的中信麦99籽粒代谢物进行分析。结果显示,从小麦籽粒中共检测到代谢物47种,主要为有机酸类、氨基酸类、糖类及其衍生物、酯类和其他有机物。与CK相比,B、E处理对促进小麦籽粒中有机酸类代谢物积累的效果较优,B、A处理对促进小麦籽粒中糖类代谢物积累的效果较优,B、NE处理对促进小麦籽粒中氨基酸类代谢物积累的效果较优;B、NE处理对促进小麦籽粒中总代谢物含量积累的效果最优,E处理效果次之,A处理效果最差。不同施肥处理对小麦籽粒代谢物中糖类和氨基酸类代谢物影响较大,通过富集20种差异代谢物,得到3条显著变化的代谢途径,分别为氨酰基-tRNA的生物合成,苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成,异喹啉生物碱的生物合成。     

多元统计分析方法在徐州城区公园绿地土壤肥力评价中的应用

以徐州市三环路内4个城区的公园绿地土壤为研究对象,采用多元统计分析方法计算得出其土壤肥力因子4个主成份：（1）土壤有机质、土壤氮素因子;（2）土壤磷素、土壤钾素因子;（3）土壤黏粒、土壤容重因子;（4）土壤酸碱度（pH值）因子。再借助SPSS11.5统计软件得出土壤肥力指标权重值及其方差极大旋转后主成份因子得分,最后计算其综合评价得分。结果表明：该城区公园绿地土壤肥力质量情况总体上较差,其中九里区土壤综合肥力水平最高,泉山区次之,云龙区和鼓楼区相差不大。     

水稻花时与气象因子的关系

 4个籼稻和3个粳稻品种，分6期播种，研究其开花高峰时间（简称花时）与当天开花期间主要气象因子的关系。结果表明：1）不同类型品种的花时差异很大。同一品种在不同开花期的花时也有很大变异，其中约46%-66%可由相应时期内气象因子的变异说明。2）气象因子对花时的籼，粳两类品种间明显不同。影响籼稻花时的因子依次为温度，日照和风力，湿度的作用不显著；而影响粳稻花时的因子首推湿度和温度，其次为日照，风力的作用较小，且在品种间表现不一致。3）得出籼粳品种的花时依主要气象因子的两个最优回归方程，可用于排除气象因子变异的干扰，矫正实际花时，提高遗传分析的精确度。