输气管道"气推气"投产过程混气规律研究

长输天然气管道的置换投产一直是采用现场的检测仪器加以控制,而目前普遍使用的"气推气"方式在投产过程中缺乏理论依据。根据流体动力学三大方程,结合气体间扩散方程提出了"气推气"投产混气规律的数学模型,利用差分方程进行了求解,并且编制了计算程序。以西气东输西段为目标管道进行了计算,其结果与实际相吻合,可以应用于工程分析。该模型也可以为其它长输天然气管道的投产提供理论支撑以及技术支持。     

Asymptotic Attractors of the Nonlinear Evolution Equation in Bounded Domain

The basic principle of infinite-dimensional dynamic system is to try to reduce the original infinite-dimensional system to an infinite-dimensional system. However,due to the unknown structure of the reduced system, it is difficult to describe its dynamical behaviour. To overcome this difficulty, the idea of approximate inertial manifolds is introduced, for NSE, the existence of AIM was studied, it is shown that the global attractor lies within a neighborhood of the graph of an Lipschitz function by the squeezing property. In this paper, by constructing a finite dimensional solution sequence, we will prove that it tends to the global attractor, theoretically, this provides a metod of constructing the asymptotic attractors, theoretically, this provides a method of constructing the asymptotic attractors for the evolution equations.     

超显性基因作用与分子标记回归方程的关系

对以正交表形式表现的共显性动物分子标记资料,根据超显性基因控制的数量性状遗传模型配合了动物分子标记回归方程通式。结果表明:对以正交表形式表现的超显性基因共显性分子标记资料配合的分子标记回归方程,可以对超显性基因的超显性系数加以估计,并可作为杂种优势利用的依据。     

田块尺度土壤入渗特性空间变异研究

土壤入渗特性是田块尺度参数估值的重要基础。该文以陕西省杨凌区一级阶地砂壤土和三级阶地粘壤土所选典型田块的双环入渗试验为基础,分析了归一化因子在单一尺度和多尺度上的分形特征,并在此基础上建立了估算归一化因子的土壤转换函数。结果表明:对于修正Kostiakov公式所采用的归一化处理方法是可行的,可较好地预测典型田块各测点的土壤入渗过程;在单一尺度上,一级阶地和三级阶地所选典型田块的归一化因子最优半方差函数均为球状模型,其分形维数分别为1.796和1.840;在多尺度上,一级阶地典型田块归一化因子的空间变异受粉粒含量、砂粒含量和土壤容重的影响显著,三级阶地典型田块归一化因子的空间变异与黏粒含量、粉粒含量、砂粒含量和土壤初始含水率相关程度最高(显著性水平0.01);估算归一化因子的土壤转换函数具有较高的精度和可靠性,其一级阶地和三级阶地典型田块验证样本归一化因子的实测值与估算值相对误差绝对值均值分别为13.15%和9.95%。研究结果可较好地解决田块尺度内土壤入渗点面转换及入渗参数难以取得的问题。     

不同养殖群体虾夷扇贝数量性状的相关性与通径分析

对不同养殖群体虾夷扇贝Patinopecten yessoensis各数量性状间的相关性及影响体质量的因素进行了分析,随机选取山东牟平、山东莱州、大连广鹿岛、大连獐子岛4个养殖群体的虾夷扇贝共计287枚,测量其壳长(x1)、壳宽(x2)、壳高(x3)、活体质量(y)和放射肋数(x4)等指标,比较分析了4个虾夷扇贝养殖群体数量性状对活体质量的影响及不同群体间的形态差异;采用相关性分析和通径分析法分析了4个虾夷扇贝群体间各数量性状与活体质量的关系,建立了各群体数量性状的回归方程.相关性分析结果表明,4个虾夷扇贝群体的壳长、壳宽、壳高对活体质量的相关系数为0.727 ～0.988,均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01);通径分析结果表明,牟平、莱州、广鹿岛、獐子岛4个群体的壳高对活体质量的直接作用均最大,分别为0.526、0.422、0.485和0.632,说明壳高是影响4个虾夷扇贝群体活体质量的主要因素;獐子岛群体的壳长对活体质量的间接作用最大,而其他3个群体均是壳宽对活体质量的间接作用最大,说明不同群体之间出现了差异;采用逐步回归方法,建立了4个虾夷扇贝养殖群体活体质量的最优回归方程分别为y牟平=-94.540+0.565x1+1.491x2+0.968x3,y莱州=-158.247+0.996x1+1.469x2+0.804x3,y广鹿岛=-110.501+0.710x1 +0.629x2 +0.861x3 +0.321x4,y獐子岛=-187.897 +0.397x1 +2.064x2 +2.556x3 +0.118x4,回归关系均达到了极显著水平(P＜0.01).研究表明,不同养殖群体虾夷扇贝的形态存在显著差异.     

某类高阶非线性偏微分方程组弱解的正则性

本文研究一类2k阶非线性偏微分方程组之解的正则性,没有假定通常的椭圆性条件而只假定所谓"无穷远处"的椭圆性条件,证明了解的k-1阶导数为李普希兹连续的.     

林木竞争对臭冷杉生物量分配的影响

用不同高度树干直径建立并比较臭冷杉各器官生物量方程,分析林木竞争对臭冷杉地上、地下生物量分配的影响。结果表明:臭冷杉不同高度树干直径中,胸径是预测各器官生物量的最可靠变量;利用不同高度树干直径建立各器官生物量方程均会高估小个体样木(直径≤10cm)的生物量,并且随着直径增大,预测误差也随之增大;臭冷杉地上生物量与地下生物量的比值(T/R)与树木年龄、单株生物量、整株生物量年均生长率及树高年均生长率间均没有显著相关性(P>0.05);随着竞争增强,臭冷杉树干生物量占单株生物量的比例逐渐减小,枝叶生物量比例逐渐增大,而粗根生物量比例则基本保持不变;胸径年均生长率、树高年均生长率及单株生物量年均生长率均随着竞争强度增大逐渐减小,而T/R值并不受林木竞争的影响。     

苗木施肥生理基础及优化施肥的研究

试验研究了定县白杨、毛白杨、小黑杨、香椿、花椒、黑枣等“三北”防护林地区常用造林树种苗木施肥生理及生长变化。合理施肥处理，明显提高叶绿素ａ含量，速生期净同化率是对照处理的２．６６倍。试验确定了不同苗木的适宜肥料用量和配比。施肥适宜比对照处理，合格苗产量增加９５％～２３７％。     

Growth and nutrient accumulation of Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) in agroforestry at different fertilizer levels

The Brazil nut tree(Bertholletia excelsa) is a frequent component of agroforestry systems in the Amazon because of its adaptation to nutrient-poor upland soils and multiple uses.We investigated the aboveground biomass production(kg dry weight),nutrient uptake and requirements(N,P,Ca,Mg,K) of Brazil nut trees of different sizes grown under agroforestry conditions and fertilized at different levels.Eight of 70 experimental trees with different size were harvested and stem,branches and leaves were separated.Nutrient contents were determined for three trees of varying size.Average tree growth was fast,but variability was high,suggesting considerable potential for the improvement of this economically important species.The trees responded to increased levels of fertilizer and lime with significantly increased foliar nutrient contents and growth,probably because of the improved availability of Mg and Ca for which the species seems to have a relatively high demand.In contrast to Brazil nut trees grown in forest or dense plantations,the agroforestry trees invested a substantial part of their biomass and nutrients in large branches and developed spreading crowns.To improve stem form,reduce competition with associated crops for light and recycle nutrients,regular pruning of lower branches or planting arrangements that favor self-pruning are recommended.These measures would also increase the recycling of Ca and Mg,large quantities of which are contained in the branches.