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61.
Rachel Gaulton Thomas HilkerMichael A. Wulder Nicholas C. CoopsGordon Stenhouse 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(4):865-877
Timely and accurate mapping of anthropogenic and natural disturbance patterns can be used to better understand the nature of wildlife habitats, distributions and movements. One common approach to map forest disturbance is by using high spatial resolution satellite imagery, such as Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) or Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) imagery acquired at a 30 m spatial resolution. However, the low revisit times of these sensors acts to limit the capability to accurately determine dates for a sequence of disturbance events, especially in regions where cloud contamination is a frequent occurrence. As wildlife habitat use can vary significantly seasonally, annual patterns of disturbance are often insufficient in assessing relationships between disturbance and foraging behaviour or movement patterns.The Spatial Temporal Adaptive Algorithm for mapping Reflectance Change (STAARCH) allows the generation of high-spatial (30 m) and -temporal (weekly or bi-weekly) resolution disturbance sequences using fusion of Landsat TM or ETM+ and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery. The STAARCH algorithm is applied here to generate a disturbance sequence representing stand-replacing events (disturbances over 1 ha in area) for the period 2001-2008, over almost 6 million ha of grizzly bear habitat along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta. The STAARCH algorithm incorporates pairs of Landsat images to detect the spatial extent of disturbances; information from the bi-weekly MODIS composites is used in this study to assign a date of disturbance (DoD) to each detected disturbed area. Dates of estimated disturbances with areas over 5 ha are validated by comparison with a yearly Landsat-based change sequence, with producer's accuracies ranging between 15 and 85% (average overall accuracy 62%, kappa statistic of 0.54) depending on the size of the disturbance event. The spatial and temporal patterns of disturbances within the entire region and in smaller subsets, representative of the size of a grizzly bear annual home range, are then explored. Disturbance levels are shown to increase later in the growing season, with most disturbances occurring in late August and September. Individual events are generally small in area (<10 ha) except in the case of wildfires, with, on average, 0.4% of the total area disturbed each year. The application of STAARCH provides unique high temporal and spatial resolution disturbance information over an extensive area, with significant potential for improving understanding of wildlife habitat use. 相似文献
62.
关于建立田间墒情监测网信息系统的探讨 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
阐述建立田间墒情监测网的方法步骤,以及旱情评估的几种理论,在此基础上提出了墒情监测网信息系统的方案,该方案主要为地方(灌区或县、市)灌溉农业的用户服务,以期达到省水增产目的,同时与全国抗旱信息系统兼容为抗旱防灾、减灾服务 相似文献
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Although often neglected, variability in cell lysis efficiency and DNA extraction yield represents the major hurdles of any polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based quantification protocol in soil and other natural environments. In this study we developed a technique that minimizes the effects of these constraints, providing at the same time a reliable internal control to distinguish between PCR-inhibition and negative results. We used Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf153, a root-colonizing bacterium that shows biocontrol activity against tobacco and cucumber black root rot, as the target organism for PCR quantification. Prior to DNA extraction, the genetically engineered, cognate reference strain P. fluorescens CHA0/c2 was inoculated in a reference soil. CHA0/c2 in the reference soil and Pf153 in the soil sample were lysed in parallel and afterward the lysates were mixed in known proportions. CHA0/c2 carries the plasmid pME6031-cmp2 that contains an allelic variant (competitor) of the Pf153 specific sequence Pf153_2. In a quantitative competitive PCR (QC-PCR) assay the competitor allows the quantification of the target strain down to 0.66 Pf153 CFU/mg soil. Processing the reference strain in the same way as Pf153 enables the exact quantification of the target strain in biocontrol assays performed in natural soil, overcoming differences in DNA extraction efficiency and PCR amplification from different soil environments. This technique is easily adaptable to other Pseudomonas strains simply by replacing the competitor used here with one derived from a SCAR-marker which is specific for the strain of choice. 相似文献
64.
基于作物生长模型的东北玉米冷害监测预测研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在全球气候变暖背景下,东北地区的气温明显上升,但由于存在玉米相对晚熟品种越区(北扩)种植现象,区域性和阶段性的玉米低温冷害仍时有发生。因此,开展东北玉米低温冷害监测预测研究仍十分必要。本文首先利用东北玉米生长模型(NEC_MaGM)构造冷害监测指标,然后开展玉米冷害监测预测方法研究并进行个例分析。结果显示,从不利天气条件和玉米对低温响应两方面遴选的8个单项指标中,以指标2 (DC_Tas9,抽雄期到9月底的累积热量单位与同期多年平均值的差值百分率)和指标1 (DN_Tas,当年抽雄期与多年平均抽雄期的差值)对历史玉米冷害的概括能力最强;根据冷害致灾机理、单一指标的历史概括能力及其独立性等因素,构建了由指标1、2以及指标4 (DW_GrS,水分适宜条件下模拟穗重与多年平均穗重的差值百分率)和指标7 (DW_Fro,初霜冻日时模拟穗重与模拟成熟时穗重的差值百分率)组合而成的东北玉米低温冷害综合指标;基于NEC_MaGM和冷害综合指标进行单点冷害监测,确定了若45%以上站点出现玉米冷害即为区域性冷害的标准,独立样本监测检验与实际情况一致;利用NEC_MaGM在网格尺度上的监测可以得到更详细的冷害空间分布状况,有利于开展农业气象业务服务工作;根据前期天气实况加上区域气候模式预测的气象要素数据,再结合预报时效之后的多年平均气候数据,在格点尺度利用NEC_MaGM可以实现对东北玉米低温冷害的预测。预测个例表明,该方法能够反映冷害的形成过程和严重程度,但其准确性不仅与作物模型有关,还依赖于区域气候模式的模拟能力。 相似文献
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66.
介绍了蓝牙射频技术及芯片NRF401,论述了以NRF401为核心器件的粮库温度监测系统的硬件电路及软件的设计,实现了安全、可靠、方便的粮库温度监测方法. 相似文献
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David A. Keith Tara G. Martin Eve McDonald-Madden Carl Walters 《Biological conservation》2011,(4):1175-1178
Adaptive management of natural resources is widely supported, but in biodiversity conservation there have been few practical applications of the approach in its entirety. Some of the contributions to this special publication examine progress in the implementation of adaptive approaches into conservation policy, while others explore novel theoretical and modeling approaches that seek to accommodate the complexities of real-world applications. Several of the papers address the treatment of uncertainty in adaptive management through innovative approaches to experimentation and monitoring, use and characterisation of expert knowledge and reconciliation of differences of opinion about parameters or systems. Drawing on these contributions, we discuss the major impediments to implementing adaptive management, why adaptive management has been slow to be implemented and how this can be redressed. 相似文献