2009～2010年婺源县主栽早稻品种稻瘟病的抗性监测

婺源县为江西省稻瘟病的常发区和重发区。2009~2010年分3批播种(间隔期5 d),评估婺源县9个主栽早稻品种对水稻稻瘟病的抗性。结果表明,两年中,株两优02和株两优09对叶瘟的抗性均保持中抗,陆两优996、淦鑫203、T优898和春光1号为中感,抗性改变的品种有3个,其中金优463由中抗变为高感,金优458和先农37号均由感病变为高感。两年中,株两优02、淦鑫203和株两优09对穗瘟的抗性均保持中抗以上,陆两优996、T优898为中感,春光1号为高感,抗性改变的品种有3个,其中金优463由中感变为高感,金优458和先农37号均由感病变为高感。在以上9个品种中,只有株两优09和株两优02对叶瘟和穗瘟的抗性两年中均保持在中抗以上。     

高-中-低精度遥感的大区域高精度耕地面积估测分析

介绍了国内外的遥感抽样监测方法,分析了遥感抽样监测在大范围耕地监测中的优越性与局限性,最后就大范围高精度的耕地监测提出了采用高-中-低分辨率遥感影像逐步抽样的解决方案.     

都市型现代农业走廊网络服务系统的设计与实现

对京承农业走廊区域内空间信息资源管理、农产品供求、观光农业、农业技术推广、土地利用监测和农业生态评价等方面的问题进行深入分析研究,运用网络地理信息技术,建立基于WebGIS的都市型现代农业走廊网络服务系统。系统包括走廊管理、园区动态、技术示范、供求信息和观光农业等模块,采用土地利用动态变化、生态服务价值量和景观生态丰度等模型,对京承农业走廊内的土地利用变化、景观和生态效益进行分析评价,解决了上述在农业走廊区域内农业发展转变过程中所要面临的问题;系统化地构建了为农民、消费者、经销商和管理部门等提供信息、技术和服务的网络平台,以提高都市型现代农业的科学化管理、规划和实施水平。     

利用PBR322质粒监控MSAP甲基化检测过程

[目的]监控MSAP甲基化检测过程,以控制MSAP每一反应步骤。[方法]利用PBR322质粒作为阳性对照,全程监控MSAP分析中酶切、连接、预扩与选扩体系。[结果]PBR322质粒作为阳性对照电泳时条带有限,可以根据条带有无和位置对MSAP甲基化检测过程进行全程监控,有助于发现问题的具有所在。[结论]该研究可以为MSAP技术提供可靠保障。     

A comparison of monitoring systems used for Ceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Africa

For 16 years a bucket-type trap known as the Sensus fruit fly trap has been used to monitor three fruit fly pest species Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis cosyra in South African fruit industries. The relative efficiencies of lures sold for monitoring fruit flies with the Sensus trap in South Africa were determined in field experiments where laboratory-reared C. capitata, C. rosa and C. cosyra were released in a mango orchard within a few metres of Sensus traps containing either Capilure (trimedlure or tert-butyl 4 (or 5) -chloro-2-methylcyclohexane carboxylate), Ceratitislure (protein hydrolysate plus β-caryophyllene) or Questlure (protein hydrolysate plus plant extracts). When using 12-day-old flies, Capilure caught 3 times more C. capitata males than C. rosa males and this difference was more extreme when 3-day-old flies were released. Ceratitislure caught significantly more 12-day-old C. cosyra males than 12-day-old C. capitata males, but the difference was reversed when 3-day-old flies were compared. Questlure showed the least differences between species and age but recovered the lowest proportion of released species. Further comparisons were conducted in an orchard with wild flies using other known attractants in larger yellow Probodelt bucket traps. Capilure caught more male C. capitata than BioLure Fruit Fly 3-component, but BioLure 2-component (trimethylamine and ammonium acetate) was more effective than Questlure for C. capitata females. The 3-component lure was also more effective than both Capilure and Questlure for male and female C. rosa, respectively. Ceratitislure was the most effective lure for male C. cosyra flies and BioLure 3-component was more effective than Ceratitislure and Questlure for female C. cosyra flies. The intervention threshold of 4 flies/trap/week previously used in citrus with Capilure for C. rosa was lowered to 2 C. rosa/trap/week when using the Sensus trap due to the lower sensitivity of this trap-lure combination found for C. rosa in this study. The 3-component lure, or the 2-component combination of trimethylamine and ammonium acetate in a ratio of 1:8 in the Sensus trap capsule, would be more effective for both sexes of all three Ceratitis species than the Questlure that is currently being used.     

Response of two tephritid species, Bactrocera oleae and Ceratitis capitata, to different emission levels of pheromone and parapheromone

Attractants and pheromones are commonly used in integrated pest management programs in crop systems. However, pheromone dispensers employed in monitoring traps and lure and kill devices are not usually well studied and attractants are released at uncontrolled rates leading to low treatment efficacies and misleading monitoring estimations. Fruit flies are pests of economic importance and monitoring is essential in order to program insecticidal treatments. Moreover, lure and kill techniques are being increasingly used, but the cost of these techniques depends on the number of required traps and, therefore, on the efficacy of the attractants. Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera oleae are the two main fruit flies in Mediterranean countries, and the effect of different doses of trimedlure and spiroacetal on fly attraction has been studied. Results showed that a release rate over 1.28 mg/day of spiroacetal reduces B. oleae attraction and emission values over 2.4 mg of trimedlure per day did not increase C. capitata catches. Under the environmental conditions of our study, an optimum release rate for pheromone attraction in B. oleae was determined. Emission values over this optimum level reduced B. oleae attraction. However, when a parapheromone was used with C. capitata, a fruit fly of the same family, the optimum emission value was not found and higher quantities of parapheromone attracted the same number of flies. The saturation effect of high concentrations of pheromone and parapheromone is discussed.     

杨梅果蝇种群发生动态监测与综合防治技术研究

为了探明杨梅果蝇种群发生动态与综合防控技术,2003—2015 年在浙江省临海市和黄岩区对杨梅果蝇发生规律、监测预报与综合防治进行了系统调查研究。结果表明：杨梅果蝇种群数量在6 月中下旬和7 月中旬出现2 次高峰期,杨梅挂果期危害重;东魁杨梅栽培、果园复杂环境、冬季气温偏高和天敌控制能力下降是该虫种群数量上升的主要原因,制定了预测预报方法,建立了发生危害预测模型,平均预测准确率为93.3%。罗帐杨梅栽培技术防阻果蝇效果显著,有虫果率与对照相比降低了93.61%~96.25%;60 g/L 乙基多杀菌素2000 倍液,在杨梅采前45、30、20 天喷施,虫口减少率为92.94%~95.72%,果实危害下降率为91.56%~95.78%,且降解速度快,已取得农业部农药登记。集成了一套杨梅果蝇防控对策和以监测预警预报为基础,物理阻隔、农业防治和药剂防治相互协调、有机配套的绿色防控技术,有效控制杨梅果蝇的发生危害。     

现代温室监控系统的主要架构方案及发展

综述了国内外温室监控技术的发展概况,介绍了现代温室监控系统的主要架构方案,并对其未来的发展趋势做了总结与展望。     

基于GSM的烟叶烘烤远程监控系统设计

设计并开发了一种以全球移动通讯系统（GSM）无线网络为核心进行远程监控的烟叶烘烤系统。系统主要由温湿度数据采集终端和监控系统通信终端2部分组成。温湿度数据采集终端由单片机将温湿度数据通过GSM模块以短信方式传送给监控系统通信终端,监控系统通信终端由串口读取短信内容中的温湿度数据并储存于数据库中便于远程监控。实践验证表明,该系统解决了目前烤烟房分散导致的技术员管理不便等问题,且有效改善了现有管理模式,降低了烤烟劳动强度,提高了烟叶烘烤质量。     

呼和浩特地区2010年地下水位特征评述

2010年地下水位监测结果表明：呼和浩特市地区地下水位的变化总体呈春夏季变化大,秋冬季相对平稳的变化特点。地下水位与2009年相比均有所下降,下降幅度呼和浩特市市区、武川县明显高于2009年,托县略高,其余地区略低。年内呼和浩特市城郊地下水位降幅最大,清水河县降幅最小。