美系獭兔和苏Ⅰ系粗毛型长毛兔的遗传多样性分析

采用15个微卫星标记,对关系獭免和苏Ⅰ系粗毛型长毛兔进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示：在美系獭兔和苏Ⅰ系粗毛型长毛兔群体中,15个微卫星座位均表现出较好的多态性。关系獭兔的平均等位基因数和有效等位基因数分别为4．6000±1．0556和3．5520±0．9703个．群体期望杂合度和多态信息含量平均值分别为0．7067±0．1030和0．6501±0．1050,群体内近交系数平均值为-0．2580＋0．0033：苏Ⅰ系粗毛型长毛免的平均等位基因数和有效等位基因数分别为5．1333±1．2459和3．7506±0．8081个,群体期望杂合度和多态信息含量平均值分别为0．7270±0．0709和0．6750±0．0824．群体内近交系数平均值为-0．2300±0．003。表明两个家兔群体的微卫星座位有丰富的遗传多样性。     

Searching for DNA markers for milk production and composition on chromosome 6 in sheep

Several milk protein polymorphisms are potential tools for selection in dairy ruminants. However, research results for dairy sheep are not as conclusive as those for goats or cattle and are often controversial. The main objective of this study was to find and later use molecular genetic markers in selection to improve milk production and milk composition in Awassi ewes. Chromosome 6 was chosen because several studies have reported the presence of significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting milk production traits on ovine and bovine chromosome 6. Altogether, genotypes for 13 microsatellite loci were determined for 258 ewes, which were purebred Awassi or Awassi-Merino crosses. Phenotypic data were lactation yield of milk, milk fat, protein and lactose (kg), average milk protein and fat percentage and average somatic cell count. Five out of the 13 microsatellites showed significant association with at least one of the examined traits.     

应用微卫星标记定位畜禽QTL的研究进展

本文论述了分子标记技术的发展历程,并阐述了微卫星标记的特点、QTL(quanti-tative trait loci)定位的理论依据与方法以及近10年来国内外学者在定位功能基因和QTL方面的一些主要研究进展情况,同时也指出了分子标记技术在QTL精细定位方面存在的问题,为以后的研究工作奠定了基础。     

丝羽乌骨鸡群体遗传结构的微卫星标记分析

用 9对微卫星引物对 170只丝羽乌骨鸡的基因组DNA进行扩增 ,结果表明 ,9个微卫星标记在该品系中都表现出了丰富的多态性 ,所有扩增结果都能重复。微卫星标记平均每个座位检测到 4 .5 6个等位基因 (3～ 7个 )。 9对微卫星引物平均多态信息含量为 0 .6 0 72 ,标记平均杂合度为 0 .74 2 3。本研究的结果可以为进一步利用微卫星进行丝羽乌骨鸡种质特性等研究提供一定的参考     

微卫星DNA分子标记及其在动物遗传育种中的应用

微卫星DNA以其独特的优点和特点而成为当前动物遗传育种研究中颇受欢迎的一种分子标记技术。本文主要介绍了微卫星DNA分子标记的研究简史、原理、流程及其分子标记的优点和在动物育种中的应用。     

Mutation of the transforming growth factor-β typeⅡ receptor gene in sporadic colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability

AIM: To determine the relationship between the mutation of the RII gene and RER status in the tumorigenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer. METHODS: We screened RER status and mutation of the RII gene from 50 sporadic colorectal cancers (19 in the proximal colon, 31 in the distal colorectum). RESULTS: RER was found in 13 cases (8 in the proximal colon, 5 in the distal colorectum), and 5 of them showed mutations of the RII gene. All 5 cancers carrying a TGF-β RII gene mutation showed RER+, but there wasn't any mutation of RII gene in RER(-) cases. Four of 5 RII mutation were located at the cecum. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the TGF- βRII gene is a major target of microsatellite instability and mutation of the RII gene play an important role in carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability , especially at the cecum.     

Effectiveness of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers in parentage testing in Posavina, Croatian Coldblood and Lipizzaner horse breeds in Croatia

The global biodiversity crisis extends to autochthonous local breeds of livestock. There is an increasing danger that these rare breeds become extinct and with them their locally adapted gene pool. Modern molecular tools such as parentage testing using microsatellite genotyping are powerful in guiding management and conservation. We tested nine microsatellite markers in three Croatian horse breeds and obtained high exclusion probabilities (EPs) for the most common test scenario ‘one parent and offspring known and the other parent tested’ (99.9% in Posavina and Croatian Coldblood and 99.3% in Lipizzaner), despite that Lipizzaner has an overall lower genetic variability at microsatellite loci. To become a useful tool in breed management in countries with developing economies, genetic screening systems must be designed to be statistically powerful yet economically viable. Therefore, a suite of six markers that can be run in two multiplex systems and which still gives high exclusion probabilities (99.5% in Posavina and Croatian Coldblood and 98% in Lipizzaner) was chosen.     

玉米微卫星PCR产物变性与非变性PAGE-银染法的比较分析

对变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行比较,探讨建立简便、快速、安全、可靠、经济、效率高、毒害低的应用于玉米遗传多样性分析的SSR标记方法。结果表明,用2对SSR引物对6份玉米自交系基因组DNA进行扩增,将扩增产物在变性与非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(PAGE)上电泳,银染后微卫星扩增产物在二者上的电泳结果存在差异。在变性胶中微卫星扩增产物目的条带清晰,易于鉴定;在非变性凝胶中表现有较多的非特异性条带,但目的条带很明亮,容易看出来,不影响实验结果。非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳带型清晰准确、结果可靠、经济快速,能真实地揭示玉米自交系间的遗传多样性,是玉米种质类群划分的有效分子标记方法。     

利用微卫星标记分析3个暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)养殖群体的遗传多样性

针对3个暗纹东方鲀养殖群体,采用21对微卫星引物对其遗传多样性进行分析,成功扩增出具有一定多态性片段的微卫星位点共19个。共得到125个等位基因,每位点等位基因数为3-11,平均值为6.58,有效等位基因数为1.7-7.8,平均值为4.5,平均观测杂合度为0.156-1.000,平均期望杂合度为0.399-0.876,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.353-0.858。广州、上海、江苏3个群体的PIC由小到大依次为0.588、0.633、0.655,三群体间遗传分化指数分别为0.048、0.062、0.076,平均值为0.081,表明三群体间发生了小程度的遗传分化。三群体间的遗传距离和UPGAM分析显示,广州和上海群体的遗传距离最远(0.351),广州和江苏群体的遗传距离最近(0.204),聚类分析显示,广州群体和江苏群体聚为一类,上海群体为一类。研究结果基本符合养殖群体的养殖环境,也表明3个养殖群体发生了一定程度的遗传分化,特别是江苏群体的遗传多样性较高,作为选育群体具有一定的遗传潜力。     

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)壳宽快速生长选育群体遗传多样性及遗传结构的微卫星标记分析

为了监测长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)在选育过程中的遗传变异、分析选育对其遗传结构的影响,本研究以选育目标为壳宽快速生长的长牡蛎为实验材料,利用微卫星(Simple Sequence Repeats)标记技术,对长牡蛎基础群体(P0)和连续两代选育群体(F1和F2)进行遗传多样性评估。结果发现,所有微卫星位点在3个群体中都表现出了较高的多态性,P0、F1和F2代群体的平均等位基因数分别为16.5、12.2和12.8;P0、F1和F2代群体多态性信息含量(Pic)的平均数值分别为0.9068、0.8982和0.8836。所有群体10个位点的观测杂合度值(Ho)均小于期望杂合度值(He),观测杂合度平均值的大小范围为0.5775–0.6484,期望杂合度范围为0.8594–0.9279。哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE)结果显示,3个群体在10个位点上有24个群体的位点组合显著偏离HWE(P<0.05),说明人工选育对选育群体的遗传结构有一定的影响。3个群体在10个位点上的Fis值均为正值,平均范围为0.1541–0.2341,表明群体内各位点上的杂合子比例有所下降;各群体间Fst值范围为0.0093–0.0245,遗传分化程度较弱。此研究表明,以壳宽快速生长为选育目的,长牡蛎连续选育群体仍具有很高遗传多样性,人工选育过程中保持一定选择压力,仍然会使长牡蛎的优良生长性状得到不断提高。