雌核发育草鱼的遗传结构分析和微卫星鉴别方法的建立

采用微卫星标记检测草鱼群体的遗传多样性,并根据纯合度的变化建立了雌核发育草鱼的鉴别技术。结果显示,8个位点共扩增出33个等位基因;在普通草鱼中,平均纯合度和PIC分别为0.203 1和0.552 8;在雌核发育群体中,则为0.716 1和0.357 2;2个群体间遗传相似度为0.873 3。其中,5个位点在雌核发育草鱼中纯合度明显提高,雌核发育草鱼在这5个位点的扩增总条带数为5~7个,普通草鱼则为8~10个,由此可100%区分2个草鱼群体。通过概率计算,理论鉴别概率达到99.92%。研究表明,雌核发育技术对草鱼的群体遗传结构改变较大,是快速建立纯系、固定优良性状的有效手段;根据群体遗传纯合度的改变、扩增条带数目差异,应用多态性微卫星分子标记可以简单、有效地区分雌核发育群体(或与之相似的高度近交群体)与普通群体。     

烟草脉清病毒完整基因组上微卫星分布特性研究

借助MATLAB软件和最优完全子图算法,提取并展示NCBI数据库中烟草脉清病毒完整基因组（NC-003378.1）上微卫星分布特性。结果表明,计算出了各种1-碱基组～6-碱基组在完整基因组序列上重复出现次数和出现位置,并展示它们的分布规律（指数函数）。烟草脉清病毒完整基因组上各种N-碱基组最大的重复出现次数,随N按指数函数数减少;各种N-碱基组重复出现次数由少到多排序的结果,重复出现次数随序号增加。该研究方法可以系统地运用到其他病毒完整基因组序列微卫星分布特性的提取和展示,从而为有效利用微卫星分布特性研究完整基因组的结构和功能、遗传和变异规律提供依据。     

草莓EST中SSR位点分析（摘要）

[目的]从现有的草莓ESTs数据中获取有效的微卫星标记。[方法]利用MISA（Microsatellite）软件分析简单重复序列（simple sequence repeats,SSRs）在草莓EST中的分布频率与密度,用CAP3软件进行冗余分析。[结果]在17565条EST序列中,共获得10129条SSR序列,SSRs之间的距离约为0.90kb。其中,六碱基重复丰度最大,占61.0%,而三碱基、单碱基、二碱基、四碱基和五碱基重复丰度分别为14.3%,13.1%,6.2%,4.3%和1.1%。在单碱基、二碱基、三碱基和四碱基重复模体中,丰度最大的分别是A/T,AG,AAG和AAAG,而CG在编码区内没有。在这6种类型的重复模体中,冗余与非冗余的草莓EST之间没有显著差异。[结论]从现有的草莓ESTs数据中可以方便地获取有效的微卫星标记。     

XX/XY Blood Lymphocyte Chimerism in Heterosexual Dizygotic Twins from an American Bashkir Curly Horse. Case Report

Cytogenetic analysis and microsatellite genotyping were conducted on a pair of phenotypically normal dizygotic heterosexual equine twins of the American Bashkir Curly breed. The animals had a mixture of 64,XX and 64,XY cells in blood lymphocytes, with their own cells being predominant. Therefore, the 64,XX cells comprised 81% of the lymphocyte population in the female twin and 64,XY comprised 79% in the male twin. Blood chimerism was confirmed by genotyping 30 microsatellite markers. Of these, 15 microsatellites showed the presence of three alleles and all four parental alleles in the blood lymphocytes for both animals. No chimerism was detected in the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from hair follicles. These results are in agreement with earlier observations that vascular anastomoses can infrequently occur during equine multiple pregnancies resulting in blood lymphocyte chimerism without significant effect on the phenotype.     

我国苏南地区美洲鲥7个养殖群体的遗传多样性分析

为探讨苏南地区美洲鲥（Alosa sapidissima）养殖群体的种质资源现状及遗传多样性水平,本研究采用15个微卫星标记和线粒体D-loop序列,对7个不同群体：镇江丹徒（Dtq）、镇江扬中（Yzq）、苏州张家港（Zjg）、苏州相城（Xcq）、南通中洋（Zyq）、常州滆湖（Ghq）和常州武进（Czq）共计210尾个体,进行了群体多样性分析。结果显示,15个SSR位点中除Asa-12外,其余位点均表现为高度多态性（PIC > 0.5）。其中,7个群体期望杂合度He为0.615～0.758,多态信息含量PIC为0.568～0.723,两者均以Zjg群体最高。D-loop序列共检测到32个变异位点,定义了20个单倍型,其中Zjg群体单倍型最多（11个）。7个群体的单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性指数分别为0.618～0.945、0.003～0.008。基于SSR和D-loop序列的遗传距离分析,发现Ghq群体和Zyq群体的Nei’s遗传距离（0.058）和K2P遗传距离（0.003）最近,低于其他群体间的遗传距离（分别为0.073～0.397和0.003～0.006）。综合分析,我们发现7个美洲鲥群体的遗传多样性较为丰富,而群体间遗传变异程度不高,基因流Nm > 1和镶嵌式排列的个体进化树也证实7个群体的亲缘关系较近。基于本研究,可初步了解苏南地区鲥的种质现状,为后续进一步开展育种工作奠定理论基础。     

Genetic Structure of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Carrier Horses in Morocco Inferred by Microsatellite Data

A total of 17 microsatellite deoxyribonucleic acid loci used routinely for horse parentage control were used to evaluate genetic diversity among normal Arabian horses and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) carrier Arabian horses (ArS) and normal Arab-Barb horses and SCID carrier Arab-Barb horses (ArbeS). On the basis of the genotype of 186 horses, mean allelic diversity was estimated as 6.82, 5.53, and 6.7059 in normal Arabian horses, ArS, and for both groups of Arab-Barb horses, respectively. Five specific alleles were observed in ArS and ArbeS, with one common with ArS at HMS6, whereas five alleles common between ArS and ArbeS had a high frequency. Expected and observed heterozygosity showed great heterogeneity in the population studied and were similar or higher when compared with other studies on Arabian horses. Coefficient of gene differentiation G_st of Nei associated with Nei’s genetic distance and multivariate correspondence analysis indicated a possible differentiation between the studied populations when analyzed separately according to breed. Probability of assignment of a horse to a specific group was assessed using a full and partial Bayesian approach. In all, 80.6% of Arab horses and 78.2% of Arab-Barb horses were assigned properly with a partial Bayesian test, which provided better results than the full one. These findings will be useful for identification of SCID carrier horses by using the microsatellite deoxyribonucleic acid loci used routinely for horse parentage control in our laboratory.     

Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle and sheep: a review

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, is responsible for significant economic losses in livestock industries worldwide. This organism is also of public health concern due to an unconfirmed link to Crohn's disease. Susceptibility to paratuberculosis has been suggested to have a genetic component. In livestock, a number of candidate genes have been studied, selected on their association to susceptibility in other mycobacterial diseases, their known role in disease pathogenesis or links to susceptibility of humans to Crohn's disease. These genes include solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1, formerly NRAMP1), toll-like receptors, caspase associated recruitment domain 15 (CARD15, formerly NOD2), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and cytokines (interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma) and their receptors. Genome wide association studies have attempted to confirm associations found and identify new genes involved in pathogenesis and susceptibility. There are a number of limitations and difficulties in these approaches, some peculiar to paratuberculosis but others generally applicable to identification of genetic associations for complex traits. The technical approaches and available information for paratuberculosis have expanded rapidly, particularly relating to sheep and cattle. Here we review the current published evidence for a genetic association with paratuberculosis susceptibility, technological advances that have progressed the field and potential avenues for future research.     

利用18个微卫星座位对剑尾鱼RR-B系遗传质量的分析(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to further understand the genetic quality of Xiphophorus helleri RR-B strain and estimate the feasibility of microsatellite markers in genetic monitoring of aquatic laboratory animals.[Method] Eighteen microsatellite loci which had polymorphism in wild X. helleri were used for genetic quality analysis of RR-B strain (red eyes and red body) by PCR. [Result] All these 18 microsatellite loci displayed single allelic gene band in 30 individuals of X. helleri RR-B strain and the average homozygote rate reached 100%. [Conclusion] These loci could be used as markers in genetic monitoring of X. helleri RR-B strain, which had obtained fairly high genetic homozygosity by inbreeding for more than 20 generations. This study provided basic data for establishing the molecular genetic monitoring standard of aquatic laboratory animals.     

用磁珠富集法分离亚麻基因组微卫星分子标记

应用Dynal磁珠-生物素标记的微卫星探针(CT)₁₅与亚麻基因组DNA酶切片段杂交,捕获300~1 500 bp含有微卫星序列的DNA片段,连接到pMD18-T载体中,构建富集微卫星序列的小片段插入文库。利用接头引物和根据微卫星核心序列设计的引物VRV(CT)₁₅使用PCR方法直接对文库筛选,从422个转化子中获得了104个阳性克隆,对其进行测序分析,获得了97个微卫星序列,微卫星序列的富集效率达到22.99%,PCR扩增筛选效率93.27%。对97个微卫星序列进行比对分析,其中51个重复序列的两端序列高度相似,据其设计的特异引物对阳性克隆进行2次筛选,能淘汰相似度高的同类序列,提高筛选亚麻微卫星标记的效率。     

空间诱变水稻品系抗稻瘟病遗传及微卫星多态性分析

 【目的】研究空间诱变水稻品系对稻瘟病的抗性遗传基础,分析其基因组的微卫星多态性。【方法】将3个空间诱变抗病品系H1、H2及H3与普感亲本丽江新团黑谷（LTH）杂交,采用稻瘟病代表性菌株鉴定其F1代和F2代群体,分析诱变品系的抗瘟性遗传基础;同时采用覆盖整个水稻基因组的225对微卫星引物分析诱变品系与原种对照,探讨诱变品系的基因组突变情况。【结果】3个诱变品系对两个代表性菌株的抗性均为显性,其中H1对菌株GD0193和GD3286的抗性均受主效单基因控制,H2和H3对菌株GD3286的抗性均受两对主效基因控制,H2对菌株GD0193的抗性表现出复杂的遗传基础,H3对菌株GD0193的抗性受主效单基因控制;3个诱变品系的微卫星多态性频率各不相同,在不同染色体的突变频率也不相同。【结论】空间诱变可使水稻产生抗病基因,抗病品系的基因组发生了不同程度的变异。