大豆微卫星诱发突变的分子分析

Microsatellite or SSR marker is an efficient tool for plant genotype identification, molecular mapping and marker-assisted selection. Objective of this study is to analyze the mutagenized microsatellite variations in soybean genome and reveal nature of these mutations. In the present study, mutations at fifteen microsatellite loci were detected in genomic DNAs of soybean mutant E182 induced by EMS (ethyne metyl sulfate) using PCR amplification of 485 pairs of SSR primers. These fifteen mutagenized microsatellite loci with repeat number variation were Satt005, Sattll7, Satt185, Satt282, Satt290, Satt420, Satt452, Satt483, Satt569, Satt579, Satt600, Satt602, Sat-086, Sat-107 and Sat-135, respectively. Sequencing results of these fifteen loci indicated that microsatellite sequences at Satt282, Satt483, Satt579, Satt600 and Satt602 loci were respectively deleted 1 -, 3 -, 8-, 20 - and 1 - trinucleotide (all [ATT]1-20 except for [CAA]8 [TAA]12 at Satt600 locus) repeats, which made allele sizes at these five loci decrease 3, 9, 24, 60 and 3 bp, respectively. And while microsatellite sequences at the other ten mutated loci, Satt005, Sattll7, Satt185, Satt290, Satt420, Satt452, Satt569 and Sat-086, Sat-107, Sat-135, were respectively inserted 1-, 6-, 6-, 3-, 4-, 3-, 8- trinu-cleotide repeats (ATT)1-8 and 12-, 6-, 16- dinucleotide repeats (AT)6-16, making allele sizes at these ten loci increase 3, 18, 18, 9, 12, 9, 24, 24, 12, 32 bp, respectively. On the other hand, eleven events of base mutations were detected in flanking regions at seven (Sat- 107, Satt185, Satt282, Satt420, Satt569, Satt579 and Satt600) of fifteen mutated microsatellite loci. These base mutations consisted of 6 transitions (4T→C and 2 A→G), 2 transvertions (A→T and T→A), 1 insertion (T) and 2 deletions (A and T). The experimental results proved that EMS mutagenesis could cause different types of mutations at microsatellite multilocus in soybean genome, including repeat number variations in microsatellite regions and random base mutations in flanking regions. We found three mutational biases, which were frequent insertion mutations of repeat units, initiating positions of microsatellite sequences of repeat unit insertions/deletions and both flanking-base T ↓ A of these insertion/deletion positions. In addition, the resolution capacity of high-quality agarose gels was sufficient to distinguish differences of only three base pairs in this experiment.     

水稻微卫星标记与遗传多样性的检测

遗传多样性是种内不同群体之间或一个群体内不同个体遗传变异的总和。千百年来，人类就是利用遗传多样性来培育新的农作物品种以对抗新虫害、新病害以及适应多变的气候和环境条件。检测手段从形态到分子水平的发展使得对遗传多样性的检测产生了质的飞跃，微卫星标记等位基因多态性高，通过PCR对其进行测定简单经济，作为第二代分子标记在检测物种的遗传多样性方面是一类很有应用价值的遗传标记。本文概述了微卫星标记在检测水稻遗传多样性中的应用及其数理统计的方法。     

利用18个微卫星座位对剑尾鱼RR-B系遗传质量的分析

[目的]为进一步了解剑尾鱼RR-B系的遗传质量,探讨微卫星标记技术在水生实验动物遗传监测中应用的可行性。[方法]选择18个在野生剑尾鱼群体中有多态性的微卫星座位,通过PCR扩增对剑尾鱼RR-B系（红眼红体）遗传质量进行分析。[结果]18个座位在RR-B系30尾个体中均为单态,且都是纯合子,基因纯合率达100％。[结论]18个微卫星座位可作为剑尾鱼RR-B系遗传监测的分子标记;剑尾鱼RR-B系经20多代的近交培育已具有很高的遗传均一性。该研究为水生实验动物分子监测标准的制定提供了基础数据。     

微卫星标记技术在虾类分子遗传学研究中的应用

微卫星是一种新型的分子标记。本文分析总结了近年来微卫星技术在虾类遗传多样性、亲缘关系鉴定、遗传结构和遗传变异及遗传连锁图谱构建和基因定位等方面的研究进展情况。     

湘东黑山羊BM1329微卫星标记的遗传多态性研究

利用经筛选的绵羊微卫星引物BM1329,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳,对湘东黑山羊的BM1329微卫星基因座进行了多态性检测.结果表明:该基因座有8个等位基因,其片段大小在175bp～215bp之间,计算了该基因座各等位基因频率、基因型频率及其平均基因杂合度(0.8305)、多态信息含量(0.8090)和有效等位基因数(5.9001).说明在湘东黑山羊中微卫星标记BM1329基因座具有丰富的遗传多态性.     

微卫星标记及其在家畜遗传育种中的应用

本文阐述了微卫星的结构、遗传特性以及微卫星标记在家畜个体亲缘关系鉴定、构建基因图谱、标记辅助选择、评估遗传多样性等四方面的作用。认为微卫星标记是动物遗传育种的一种非常理想的分子遗传标记,但由于已知的微卫星位点较少,加之分析成本较高,微卫星扩增产物在检测过程中常出现各种误判因素等原因而存在应用缺陷,为了更好地利用微卫星,使其成为一种简捷、灵敏、低廉的重要遗传分析方法,必须对其进行更深入地研究。     

赣南脐橙溃疡病菌遗传多样性分析

本文根据已报道亚洲柑橘溃疡病菌基因组上的14个SSR位点,以分离自赣南18县（市）的508份柑橘溃疡病菌样品为材料分析赣南地区柑橘溃疡病菌遗传多样性。结果共选出7个位点用于赣南地区溃疡病菌种群多样性研究,Nei’s基因多样性指数介于0.66—0.83,表明赣南地区柑橘溃疡病菌具有丰富的遗传多样性。通过这7个位点分析赣南18县（市）不同地理来源的样品,发现大余县样品多态性较高,而定南县样品多态性较低。Structure 3.25和PowerMarker 2.3.4软件均发现赣南18县（市）的柑橘溃疡病菌样品分成两个组群,且其中某些县、区群体结构构成单一,信丰、定南和章贡区群体构成一组群,兴国、会昌、龙南和宁都群体构成另一组群,其他县区样品为两个组群菌株不同比例混合构成。本研究通过SSR分子标记的方法探索赣南地区柑橘溃疡病菌遗传多样性,为研究柑橘溃疡病的发生和流行规律提供有价值的线索。     

大豆基因组中的微卫星标记

微卫星ＤＮＡ是一种简单重复序列,其核心心单位由２０－５相核苷酸组成,两侧一般 序列。由于它具有共显性,多态性高,可进行ＰＣＲ扩增分析,既简单又经济,因此是一种很有价值的分子标记。实验证明大豆的微卫星ＤＮＡ随机分布于基因组中,其核心单位主要是（ＡＴ）ｎ,（ＡＴＴ）ｎ。在人类基因组很大比例铁（ＣＡ）ｎ则很少在大豆中出现。平均每一个微卫星座位有７－１０个等位基因,最高可达２６个。大豆的微卫星标记可扩充现     

Unanticipated departures from breeding designs can be detected using microsatellite DNA parentage analyses

Using microsatellite analysis, a partial pedigree was constructed from an experiment designed to evaluate differences between hatchery Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and their wild donor stocks. First generation (F₁) progeny were created by crossing both hatchery and wild females with hatchery and wild males to create hybrid and control lines. The pedigree analysis revealed an accidental switch of a half-sib control and hybrid F₁ family, which most likely occurred during incubation and led to the misclassification of individuals in those families. The experimental error propagated into the F₂ lines. The pedigree also revealed a number of unintended full-sib matings in the F₂ crosses. This resulted from the small numbers (5 females, 14 males) of wild fish available for the experiment and differential family survival of the F₁ fish. Because researchers used group-specific physical marks to track typed crosses and not family groups, and because physical marks cannot detect inadvertent movement of fish until they are large enough to mark, experimental error occurred that would have influenced the results had a DNA-based analysis not been employed to verify the integrity of the experiment.     

沙鞭转录组简单重复序列(SSR)位点特征分析

沙鞭是禾本科、沙鞭属的一种多年生大型根茎类草本植物,主要分布于青海柴达木盆地和内蒙古高原及其毗邻荒漠地区,具有较强的耐旱、耐寒、耐碱、抗风沙和抗病能力。本研究使用MISA(Microsatellite identification tool)软件对沙鞭全长转录组测序获得的184 076条Unigenes的SSR位点进行搜索和特征分析,共获得3 563个SSR重复序列,分布于56 824条Unigenes上,SSR发生和出现频率分别为30.87%和50.83%;重复类型以单核苷酸、二核苷酸和三核苷酸重复为主。单核苷酸重复中,(A/T)_n基元类型占总SSR位点的42.26%;二核苷酸重复优势基元类型为(AG/CT)_n,占总SSR位点的9.29%。SSR数量随重复次数增加而降低;重复次数类型随基元序列长度增长而减少。此外,本研究还得到沙鞭29 444条和10 864条Unigenes的KOG和GO注释,其主要集中于翻译后修饰、蛋白质周转、催化活性和代谢过程。因此,本研究认为沙鞭转录组SSR序列呈现较高的多态性潜能,具有较大的开发价值,为今后沙鞭分子...