鸭生长激素(GH)基因编码区及调控区多态性分析

根据鸭生长激素基因编码区及调控区的序列设计8对引物,利用PCR-SSCP方法对北京鸭、西湖野鸭、樱桃谷鸭、金定鸭、山麻鸭、荆江鸭、绍兴鸭、缙云麻鸭等8个鸭种进行单核苷酸多态性分析。结果共发现3个突变位点,分别为230处（C→G）、244处（C→A）和3 701处（C→T）。前两处突变位于5′调控区,3 701处突变位于编码区第4外显子,但该编码区的突变是沉默突变,3′调控区表现了高度的保守性。统计结果发现：⑴在5′调控区基因座上,金定鸭的等位基因B频率显著高于其他品种;⑵在外显子4基因座上,基因型频率的分布与品种有关,且肉用型鸭的CC基因型频率显著高于蛋用型。可以推测,本研究所检测到的基因座可能与生产性能相关。     

Influence of thigmic stress or chlormequat chloride on tomato morphology and elemental uptake

Root dry weight and leaf number were not affected by thigmic stress or chlormequat chloride. Shoot dry weight, shoot:root dry weight ratio, shoot height, leaf area, and root surface area were decreased by both thigmic stress and chlormequat chloride. However, root length was decreased and root radius increased only by chlormequat chloride. Total element uptake was decreased by both thigmic stress and chlormequat chloride. In the shoot and root, N was not affected, P was increased in the shoots, K decreased in the shoots but increased in the roots, and Mg decreased in the roots as a result of thigmic stress and chlormequat chloride. Whereas, Ca was decreased in the roots and Mg increased in the shoots by chlormequat chloride. The uptake of N, P, Ca, or Mg was not affected by thigmic stress or chlormequat chloride, however, K uptake per root surface area decreased. Thigmic stress decreased K in both the upper and lower stem but did not affect leaf concentration of K. However, chlormequat chloride decreased K in both the stem and leaves. Thigmic stress because of the role of K in cell elongation. Chemical name used: (2‐chloroethyl)trimethyl‐ammonium chloride (chlormequat chloride).     

杉木初级种子园遗传效应的一个验证

从杉木林中采集七株优树的种子，并在种子园内采集相同优树无性系自由授粉种子，进行成对对造林比较试验，造林四年后，来自种子园的后代其生长量显著高于来自林分的后代，树高增长9．1％，胸径增加14．5，由此，对杉木初级种子园的遗传效应加以肯定并进行评论。     

大型海藻羊栖菜对新月筒柱藻生长抑制作用研究

研究了羊栖菜藻体、干粉及乙醇提取物对新月筒柱藻生长的影响。结果显示:羊栖菜藻体、干粉和乙醇提取物皆可明显抑制新月筒柱藻的生长,羊栖菜粉末及乙醇提取物对新月筒柱藻的生长的抑制作用表现出较强的浓度-效应关系。72 h时,新月筒柱藻生长抑制率与羊栖菜干粉初始浓度间的关系可表达为y=-0.3801x2+1.1636x,新月筒柱藻生长抑制率与羊栖菜乙醇提取物初始浓度间的关系可表达为y=-0.1445x2+1.4279x。羊栖菜粉末浓度达到1.6 g/L时,新月筒柱藻在3 d内全部死亡;乙醇提取物浓度达0.8 g/L时,藻细胞在2 d内全部死亡。由于乙醇提取物溶液的浓度是以提取前干粉质量表示,因此同等质量的羊栖菜粉末经过乙醇提取后其对新月筒柱藻生长的抑制作用明显高于未经提取的羊栖菜粉末。在1.6 g/L的羊栖菜乙醇提取物作用下数小时后,新月筒柱藻细胞核破裂,并逐渐向两端分散,至24 h时,细胞膜模糊,界限不清,细胞严重萎缩并逐渐碎裂解体。研究亮点:本研究发现大型海藻羊栖菜对冷水性赤潮藻新月筒柱藻的生长具有克生作用,羊栖菜乙醇提取物能明显抑制新月筒柱藻的生长,并对其作用机理进行了初步探讨,为赤潮的生物防治提供理论基础,丰富了海洋化学生态学的研究内容。     

盐度对绿色杜氏藻生长速率、叶绿素含量及细胞周期的影响

在不同盐度梯度下,进行了盐度对绿色杜氏藻Dunaliellaviridis的生长、叶绿素含量和细胞周期影响的试验。结果表明:1)绿色杜氏藻在盐度为10时,生长速率和单位水体叶绿素含量最低,分别为0 121个/d和908 27μg/L;在盐度为60时,生长速率和单位水体叶绿素含量最高,分别为0 381个/d和1192 41μg/L。2)不同盐度下单位细胞叶绿素含量呈现高-低-高的变化趋势,盐度60时,单位细胞叶绿素含量最低,叶绿素a为2 32×10-6μg/个,叶绿素总量为3 31×10-6μg/个。3)盐度为60时,绿色杜氏藻的细胞周期S期最短,为36 9%,G2期为0 8%;盐度80时,绿色杜氏藻的G2期最短,为0 3%,S期为43 6%,即绿色杜氏藻在盐度为60～80时,S期、G2期最短,细胞进入分裂期所用时间最短。本试验结果表明,培养绿色杜氏藻以盐度60～80的水体最为适宜。     

Laboratory and on‐farm evaluation of low‐cost salt mixtures for use during salinity acclimation and the nursery phase of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The current study evaluates the efficacy of a low‐cost salt mixture (LCSM) to replace expensive reconstituted sea salt (RSS) in the salinity acclimation and nursery phase of Pacific white shrimp under laboratory and farm conditions. LCSM was formulated to yield sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations closely comparable to that of diluted seawater. Laboratory‐based nursery trials were conducted at 2, 6 and 15 g/L salinities, incrementally replacing RSS with LCSM (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) at four replicates per treatment. Thirty postlarvae were reared for 7 days in 24‐L aquaria during the 2 and 6 g/L trials, while the nursery trial for 15 g/L salinity was conducted for 21 days with 400 postlarvae stocked in 150‐L tanks. On‐farm evaluation of LCSM was carried out in two tank‐based systems installed on levees adjacent to shrimp production ponds. RSS was incrementally replaced with LCSM (0%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and 100 postlarvae stocked into each 800‐L tank. Salinity acclimation was done from 30 g/L to 6 or 1.5 g/L within 2–3 days by pumping water from adjacent shrimp production ponds. Following salinity acclimation, the S4 system maintained flow‐through at 1.5 g/L, while N10 system was maintained static at 6 g/L salinity. At the conclusion, no significant differences were observed for either survival or growth of shrimp postlarvae between RSS and LCSM treatments at all salinities examined. Results reflect the potential use of LCSM to replace RSS, which could be an excellent solution to bring down the cost of production in inland shrimp aquaculture.     

厦门市行道绿化树种凤凰木的调查研究

本文研究了厦门市行道绿化树凤凰木的生长状况，并拟合了树高（H）与年龄（Y）的最优模型，H＝（－35．652＋9．003Y）／Y，胸径D1，3）与年龄（Y）的最优模型：D1，3＝（－316．647＋48．462Y）／Y。结果表明，凤凰木行道绿化树在夏季具有降温增湿的小气候效应，凤凰木对台风的抗逆性强而且抗病虫害。     

重组人乳铁蛋白对断奶仔猪生产性能及血清生化指标的影响

【目的】研究重组人乳铁蛋白对断奶仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响。【方法】选取 28 日 龄,体重均匀的断奶仔猪 180 头,试验设 6 个处理,每个处理 3 次重复,每个重复 10 头仔猪（公母各半）。A 处理饲喂基础日粮,作为对照;B 处理添加抗生素,在基础日粮中添加 1 g/kg 10% 的杆菌肽锌 +200 mg/kg 10% 的抗敌素;C、D、E、F 处理在基础日粮基础上分别添加 160、320、480、640 mg/kg 重组人乳铁蛋白。试验为 期 28 d。【结果】（1）试验末重与日均增重 B、C、D、E、F 处理均显著高于 A 处理,日均采食量 B、E 处理 显著高于 A 处理,料重比 B、D、E、F 处理显著低于 A 处理,腹泻指数 B、D、E、F 处理显著低于 A、C 处理。 （2）E 处理血清白蛋白、总蛋白含量显著高于 A 处理,B、E 处理血清尿素氮含量显著低于 A 处理。（3）血 清总抗氧化能力,C、D、E、F 处理显著高于 A 处理。D、F 处理血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于 A 处 理,E 处理血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于 A、B 处理,MDA 浓度 A 处理显著高于 C、D、E、F 处理。【结 论】断奶仔猪日粮中添加重组人乳铁蛋白能提高断奶仔猪生长性能、改善血清生化指标及提高抗氧化能力。 综合试验结果,重组人乳铁蛋白添加量为 480 mg/kg 的效果最好。     

塔里木灌区棉花生长发育光热条件的分析

根据阿拉尔市气象局(原阿拉尔气象站)1961~2003年的气象资料,采用求平均值和五日滑动平均气温来确定某界限温度的初、终日期及其持续期活动积温。结果表明:塔里木灌区多年平均总日照时数2 873.3 h、日照百分率65%、棉花生长发育及产量构成关键期每天的日照时数平均都在9 h以上,日平均气温值在25~30℃期间天数的多年平均值52 d;日平均气温≥10℃的多年平均初、终日在4月1日和10月18日、持续天数201 d、活动积温(∑t≥10℃)的多年平均值4 112.3℃;日平均气温≥15℃的多年平均初、终日在4月24日和9月30日、持续天数160 d、活动积温(∑t≥15℃)的多年平均值3 566.5℃。结论:灌区光照时间长短合适,总量十分优越,棉花生长后期天气晴朗,棉桃容易裂铃,有利于生产出色泽洁白、高品质的棉纤维;棉花安全生育期时间较长,热量条件较好,但秋温降低过快,吐絮期热量条件稍显不足,应多种植早熟品种。     

Feed preference and growth response of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei to supplementation of marine chemoattractants in a fishmeal‐challenged diet

This study compared the feed preference and growth response of Litopenaeus vannamei to chemoattractants. A diet with 3% fishmeal was supplemented with either 3% salmon meal (POS), 3% soy protein concentrate (NEG), 3% krill meal (KRM), 3% squid meal (SQM), 3% shrimp head meal (SHM), 3% shrimp meal (SM), 3% squid liver meal (SLM), or 5% liquid sardine hydrolysate (SAH). Shrimp with a body weight (BW) of 0.99 ± 0.08 g were stocked at 100 animals/m² in 56 tanks of 1 m³ and fed 10 times daily for 74 days. Feed preference was evaluated by feeding shrimp of 10.87 ± 1.82 g in excess twice a day for 10 days in two separate feeding trays allocated in 50 tanks of 0.5 m³. Survival reached 93.3 ± 5.80% and was unaffected by supplementation. Final BW was the highest for shrimp fed the KRM‐supplemented diet (11.97 ± 0.93 g), followed by POS (11.11 ± 0.77 g) and SQM (11.01 ± 1.17 g). Diets SHM, SM, SLM, and NEG showed a lower shrimp BW than POS, but were not statistically different among them. Shrimp fed the SAH diet achieved the lowest BW (10.06 ± 1.02 g). The highest gained yield was obtained with diets KRM and POS. No statistical difference was observed in shrimp yield among other diets. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was achieved with shrimp fed KRM (1.31 ± 0.05) when compared to diets SHM (1.47 ± 0.05), SAH (1.47 ± 0.07), and SLM (1.45 ± 0.17). Two‐by‐two comparisons indicated that shrimp preferred SHM and KRM, except when these were compared to SQM and SLM. No difference in feed preference was found between diets with SQM and SLM. SAH was the least preferred raw material in all comparisons. Results indicated that KRM acts as a powerful feeding effector and growth enhancer in fishmeal‐challenged diets for whiteleg shrimp. A dietary supplementation with 3% KRM is more effective than the same dose of any other chemoattractant evaluated.