一株乙草胺降解菌株M-3的分离鉴定及其代谢途径的初步研究

乙草胺是一种广谱、高效的酰胺类除草剂,由于乙草胺具有较长的降解周期,还有不易挥发、不易光解、易残留的特点,如果过量、频繁使用,对人、动植物均有一定的毒害作用。为了探讨乙草胺的微生物降解机理,本研究从长期受乙草胺污染的土壤中分离到一株能降解乙草胺的菌株M-3,该菌株能以乙草胺为唯一碳源生长。通过菌落表型、生理生化特征和菌株16SrRNA基因序列的相似性分析,将其鉴定为寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas sp.)。在室内条件下,运用HPLC和HPLC-MS分析方法,研究了菌株M-3对乙草胺的降解特性,并对其代谢途径做了初步的研究。结果表明,菌株M-3在5d内对浓度为50mg/L的乙草胺的降解率可达76.6%。M-3降解乙草胺的最适温度和最适pH值分别为30℃和7.0。在对代谢产物结果进行分析的基础上推测了M-3降解乙草胺的途径,将产物鉴定为2-乙基-6-甲基-2-氯乙酰苯胺。该研究为乙草胺污染的生物修复提供了理论依据。     

Folk medicinal plants used in gynecological disorders in Tinsukia district, Assam, India

An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the treatment of gynecological disorders was carried out among the rural people in Tinsukia district, Assam, India.     

自由舔食补饲小苏打在高产奶牛疾病预防中的应用研究

[目的]饲喂碳酸氢钠能够参与反刍动物瘤胃酸碱调节并发挥重要的酸碱平衡作用。试验通过对比高产、中产、低产3个不同群体荷斯坦奶牛每头每日补饲不同剂量小苏打后,观察其对奶牛个体平均泌乳天数和日单产的影响,探究小苏打的最佳补饲量与补饲方法,为我国现阶段高产奶牛的饲管提供有价值的借鉴。[方法]对本场挤奶大厅1 000头泌乳牛连续16个月不间断全群补饲小苏打,以奶牛恶性舔土现象出现的次数以及临床热应激疾病发病数量作为瘤胃酸碱平衡的量化指标,分析各试验组的小苏打补饲量。[结果]高产群、中产群、低产群每头荷斯坦奶牛每日通过自由舔食分别平均获得61 g, 70 g, 80 g的小苏打,加上精饲料中分别提供的174 g, 156 g, 120 g,高产群、中产群、低产群每头每日实际需要量为235 g, 226 g, 200 g。[结论]通过高产奶牛自由舔食补饲小苏打的研究,确认自由舔舐是一种安全有效的小苏打补充方法。添加适合剂量的小苏打能够预防高产奶牛代谢性疾病的发生,有效减少奶牛恶性舔土现象,从而提高奶牛的生产和繁殖性能。     

引发奶牛乏情的疾病研究进展

奶牛乏情是指产后60～90 d没有发情表现的经产奶牛及14～18个月龄不发情的育成牛,机体不表现出任何明显的发情状态,导致卵泡发育不良,从而影响机体排卵,引起发情周期紊乱、妊娠推迟,这对奶牛业的发展产生重大的影响。本文主要综述奶牛出现乏情状态的繁殖性疾病的研究状况,为进一步研究奶牛产后乏情提供理论依据。     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND PATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF INTESTINAL SMOOTH MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY IN FOUR CATS

The ultrasonographic findings for four cats with intestinal smooth muscle hypertrophy are described. In two cats, intestinal smooth muscle hypertrophy was associated with chronic enteritis. In the remaining two cats, intestinal smooth muscle hypertrophy affected the intestinal tract proximal to stenosis due to alimentary lymphoma and an intestinal foreign body, respectively. Moderate increased thickness of the affected intestinal wall, measuring 7-8 mm, was evident on abdominal ultrasonographic examination of all subjects. In addition, the ultrasonographic five-layered feature of the intestinal wall was maintained, and only the muscular layer appeared thickened. Abdominal ultrasound allowed a presumptive diagnosis of intestinal smooth muscle hypertrophy that was confirmed histologically in all cats.     

纤维素酶对大黍青贮饲料品质的影响

采用首次刈割鲜大黍 ,经预干处理、用稻草调水分后 ,分别设对照和添加纤维素酶的 4个组 ,青贮 6 0d ,评定其营养价值。结果表明 :1.常规成分 :青贮饲料的pH ,添加纤维素酶情况下 ,预干处理显著低于添加稻草组 ,粗蛋白质为预干各组显著高于添加稻草组 ,粗纤维含量添加稻草组低于预干组 ,挥发性碱基氮含量由于纤维素酶的添加而显著降低 ;2 .细胞成分 :青贮饲料的细胞内容物含量由于稻草的添加而显著减少 ,添加纤维素酶显著提高细胞内容物含量 ,中性洗涤纤维随着稻草和纤维素酶的添加而显著降低 ,酸性洗涤纤维含量随着纤维素酶的添加而显著降低。 3 .短链脂肪酸 :青贮饲料中乳酸含量由于纤维素酶的添加而显著增加、稻草的添加而显著降低 ,乙酸含量在预干大黍情况下 ,由于纤维素酶添加而显著增加 ,而添加稻草的各组则相反 ,丙酸各组含量很低 ,预干组添加纤维素酶显著降低其含量 ,丁酸在添加稻草各组中 ,添加纤维素酶组显著增加 ,而预干各组则相反。 4.糖含量 :青贮饲料中添加纤维素酶增加了五、六碳单糖的含量 ,其中以预干大黍情况下增加幅度明显。     

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D concentrations in beef cattle herds in which ruptures of the Achilles tendon had occurred

The frequency of skeletal disorders including ruptures of the Achilles tendon has increased during the last years in Swedish beef cattle herds, especially in intensively raised calves. The serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D, calcium and inorganic phosphorus were analysed in 7 affected and 3 control herds. None of the animals in affected herds had detectable amounts of serum-25-OH-D₃ (≤ 2 ng/ml) while the control animals had a concentration of 36.1 ng/ml (least squares mean). Calcium and inorganic phosphorus were also significantly lower in the affected herds (P ≤ 0.001). In 1 herd the animals were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated in one of the following ways: Orally with vitamin AD₃E or D₃, intramuscularly with D₂ or D₃. The effect of treatment on serum Ca and P_i was measured 1 month later and was found to be equally high in the 4 groups.     

代谢激素及营养对牛卵泡发育的影响

营养与牛繁殖的关系十分复杂，它影响到繁殖过程的诸多方面。该文仅局限于讨论其对卵泡发育的影响，即代谢激素(GH，IGF—1，INS)及短期增加日粮摄入对青年母牛卵泡发育的影响。并讨论营养与代谢激素，卵泡发育的相互关系及生产中的一些实际问题，如高产奶牛繁殖率下降，超排反应不稳定等问题。     

An investigation of the aetiological role of bovine herpesvirus 4 in bovine endometritis

Uteri from 31 infertile cattle were examined for the presence of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Samples were also tested for bacteria, including chlamydiae and Mycoplasma bovis. BoHV-4 was detected by PCR in 27/31 (87.1%) samples, but the presence and amount of viral DNA was not correlated with histological and bacteriological findings. Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Histophilus somni and Pasteurella multocida were isolated from five cows with endometritis. Chlamydiae were detected in four cases (12.9%), but only two of these had endometritis. The study does not support a role for BoHV-4 as primary agent in bovine endometritis.