舍饲山羊营养盈缺分析

对33只不同品种及不同生理阶段的舍饲山羊测定日采食量,并参照美国NRC(1981)山羊营养需要标准进行营养盈缺分析,结果表明:山羊日粮代谢能为9.35～10.20 MJ/kg时,山羊干物质采食量占体重百分比为2.3 %～3.7 %,接近或高于标准.山羊每日摄入的粗蛋白质、钙和磷数量明显超过标准;公羊、空怀母羊日摄入代谢能高于标准,而妊娠母羊、哺乳母羊和波杂育成羊日摄入代谢能水平接近NRC标准或缺乏.     

环境内分泌干扰物对睾丸间质细胞功能的影响

近年来,环境内分泌干扰物(environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals,EDCs)对雄性动物的生殖毒性引起了广泛的关注。大量资料显示EDCs可引起雄性生殖发育障碍,如隐睾、尿道下裂、睾丸癌、精液品质不良等。作者就几种典型的EDCs对睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮的影响机制作一综述。     

吉林市左家镇母牛繁殖障碍的原因调查及防治对策

通过一年多临床实践及走访调查,对吉林市左家镇引起母牛繁殖障碍的常见原因做出了较为全面的了解,并且通过临床防治总结出较为科学有效的防治对策。     

多效唑对斑马鱼体内解毒代谢酶和抗氧化酶活性的影响

[目的]探讨多效唑对水生生物在组织水平的毒性效应及其致毒机制。[方法]采用生物化学方法测定了多效唑不同浓度暴露下对斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)体内2种解毒代谢酶和2种抗氧化酶活性的影响。[结果]雄性斑马鱼比雌性更容易受到多效唑的胁迫,各种酶在斑马鱼体内的变化规律不同。多效唑对雄鱼超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)表现为激活-抑制-恢复,对雌鱼SOD表现为先抑制后激活但影响不显著;对雌鱼过氧化物酶(POD)表现为抑制,对雄鱼POD的抑制在后期才有所表现;对雌鱼羧酸酯酶(Car E)表现为高浓度抑制低浓度激活,后期恢复,对雄鱼Car E整体表现为激活;而对雄鱼谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)则表现为高浓度中后期产生抑制,对雌鱼GST未表现出明显的抑制或激活效应。[结论]雄鱼体内Car E的活性在多效唑较低浓度下最先做出应激反应,可作为污染物早期预警的生物标志物。     

Genotype disclosure in the genomics era: roles and responsibilities

Disclosure of affected breed without disclosure of major progenitors has been the usual practice in scientific papers reporting recessive heritable disorders of cattle. Before molecular genetics, carrier identity could not be used by breeders to control causal mutations because phenotypically normal heterozygotes among genetically related animals could not be detected other than by test mating. Accurate, low‐cost DNA tests fundamentally changed this situation. Genomics can provide relief from the old problem of emerging recessive disorders in cattle breeding, but greater transparency of genotype data between breeders is necessary to fully exploit the opportunities for cost‐efficient genetic disease control. Effective control of several recessive disorders has been demonstrated in Angus cattle, based entirely on voluntary DNA testing by breeders but mandatory public disclosure of test results and genotype probabilities for all registered animals. When a DNA test is available, major progenitors (particularly bulls from which semen has been distributed) should be identified and disclosed concurrently with the affected breed. As a minimum, whenever possible the closest common ancestors in the pedigrees of the parents of homozygous mutants should be disclosed after confirmation of carrier status. Progenitor disclosure in scientific publications should occur in cooperation with breed societies, which should have the opportunity to advise breeders and initiate management programs before scientific publication. Unless properly managed, genomic enhancement of animal selection using SNP markers may increase inbreeding, co‐ancestry and emergence of recessive disorders. The information systems and genotype disclosure policies of some breed societies will be increasingly challenged, particularly with accelerating mutation discovery using next‐generation sequencing.     

Diagnostic Approaches for the Assessment of Equine Chronic Pulmonary Disorders

Even though the respiratory system is one of the most accessible organs for diagnostic testing, it is not always easy to define chronic lower airway disease in the horse. Diagnostic procedures performed by first opinion veterinarians in the field are often restricted to taking the history and performing clinical examination. Respiratory tract endoscopy, tracheal or bronchoalveolar lavage, and blood sampling are sometimes used but other specific ancillary examinations are seldom performed in stable settings. Therefore, our objectives were to evaluate the diagnostic value of different techniques and examination types routinely used in the diagnostic workup of chronic equine lower airway cases in both stable and clinical circumstances. Another aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of different chronic pulmonary disorders among horses admitted to a Hungarian referral clinic. According to the conditional inference tree method, age of the horse, history, clinical examination, respiratory tract endoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology proved to be the most valuable tools to define pathology. It was also concluded that in 22% of cases, more specific ancillary diagnostic modalities, unavailable for the field veterinarian, were needed to establish the final diagnosis. According to our study, the most frequently diagnosed chronic pulmonary disorders in Hungary are of noninfectious origin, principally recurrent airway obstruction. Regardless of the cause, and interestingly including recurrent airway obstruction as well, these diseases occur primarily during the warm months.