Occurrence of congenital disorders in Swiss sheep

Background

The rates of congenital disorders in Swiss sheep were determined by a questionnaire which was sent to 3,183 members of the Swiss Sheep Breeders’ Association.

Findings

A total of 993 questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 31.2%. Of these, 862 questionnaires originated from farms keeping one of the predominant Swiss sheep breeds: Swiss White Alpine sheep, Brown-Headed Meat sheep, Swiss Black Brown Mountain sheep and Valais Blacknose sheep. During a 10-year-period, entropion was reported in 33.6% of the farms, brachygnathia inferior in 29.5%, abdominal/umbilical hernia in 15.9%, cryptorchidism in 10.5% and torticollis in 10.5%. The most significant difference between the four breeds (P < 0.001) occurred for entropion in Swiss White Alpine sheep and Brown-Headed Meat sheep, brachygnathia inferior in Swiss Black Brown Mountain sheep, and scrotal/inguinal hernia in Valais Blacknose sheep. The Swiss White Alpine breed showed a significantly higher animal prevalence of entropion (6.2% in 2011 and 5.5% in 2012) than other breeds (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

These findings indicate a breed-specific necessity for action, particularly regarding Swiss animal welfare legislation, especially entropion in Swiss White Alpine sheep is concerned. In general, careful selection of breeding stock is to be recommended.     

Role of Gab2 in mouse myeloid abnormal proliferation induced by SHP-2D61G/+ mutation

AIM: To investigate whether Gab2, the key adapter protein in the SHP-2 signaling pathway, is involved in mouse myeloid abnormal proliferation induced by SHP-2D61G/+ mutation.METHODS: Four kinds of mouse model genotyped as SHP-2+/+, Gab2-/-, SHP-2D61G/+ and SHP-2D61G/+/Gab2-/- were generated from crossbreeding of Gab2-/- mice and SHP-2D61G/+ mice. The mouse spleen size was analyzed. The number of peripheral blood leukocytes was counted by cell counting and the percentage of Mac-1 or Gr-1 positive myeloid cells in the bone marrow was detected by flow cytometry. The proliferation ability of bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in response to cytokines was assayed by colony formation. The expression of p-ERK and p-Akt and the binding capacity of SHP-2 with Gab2 in the bone marrow-derived mast cells stimulated with IL-3 were detected by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation.RESULTS: The phenotype of myeloproliferative disorder, such as enlarged spleen size, increased leukocyte number and high percentage of myeloid cells, in SHP-2D61G/+ mutant mice was found, and was dramatically improved in SHP-2D61G/+/Gab2-/- double mutation mice. Furthermore, compared with SHP-2D61G/+ mutation mice, significantly decreased colony formation ability of the bone marrow cells with IL-3 stimulation was observed in SHP-2D61G/+/Gab2-/- double mutation mice. A reduced phosphorylation level of ERK/Akt, and SHP-2 without binding of Gab2 were found in SHP-2D61G/+/Gab2-/- bone marrow-derived mast cells with IL-3 stimulation.CONCLUSION: Gab2 knockout significantly reduces mouse myeloid abnormal proliferation induced by SHP-2D61G/+ mutation. The molecular mechanism may be associated with reduced binding of SHP-2D61G/+ under Gab2 knockout, and further weakened the activation of downstream signaling pathways of ERK and Akt.     

微量热法在土壤微生物研究中的应用进展

一切生命过程都伴随着热效应。微量热法可对这些热效应进行精确的跟踪,并表征其过程。微量热法已广泛应用于医药、生化等研究领域,但在土壤微生物研究中却鲜有应用。本文简要介绍微量热法的原理和实验方法,综述其在土壤微生物研究中的应用现状并展望其应用前景,以期为土壤微生物研究提供新的思路和技术。     

繁殖障碍奶牛生殖系统的超声检查

应用B超诊断法对黑龙江省几个奶牛场的繁殖障碍奶牛进行卵巢和子宫检查,获得了奶牛卵巢和子宫疾病的超声影像图,并分析了引起奶牛不孕的卵巢和子宫疾病的超声影像图特点,以期为B超诊断奶牛繁殖障碍疾病提供参考。     

畜禽饲粮淀粉消化与代谢机制研究进展

淀粉是畜禽能量的主要来源。研究动物体内淀粉消化及其相关的代谢机制对养殖生产实践有着相当重要的意义。因此,阐述了淀粉的特性、结构特征及其组成、加工处理方式对畜禽淀粉消化率的影响,并简要综述了淀粉消化对机体血糖水平和肝脏糖脂代谢的影响。     

母猪繁殖障碍性疾病的防治

母猪繁殖障碍性疾病是以猪群的繁殖障碍为主要特征的一类疾病的总称。近年来,猪群的这类疾病由于发病率高的特点,严重影响了养猪业的经济效益,对生猪养殖生产构成了极大的威胁,同时也造成了巨大的经济损失。从母猪繁殖障碍性疾病的病症和病因入手,提出一些母猪繁殖障碍性疾病的防治措施。     

高效聚磷菌的筛选及除磷特性分析

从运行稳定的SBR反应池好氧末端的活性污泥中分离筛选出1株高效聚磷菌LB4,结合生理生化特征分析和16S rDNA分子生物学技术,鉴定该聚磷菌为鲍曼不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii);以EBPR工艺过程为载体,模拟将来可能采用的含可利用碳源的工业废水作为进水,探讨了不同营养条件下菌株LB4的除磷行为,初步分析了其代谢机理,研究表明:菌株LB4除磷的最佳温度为30℃、最适pH值为7.0,微量元素的有无对该菌株的除磷效能影响不大,提高生物除磷系统除磷效率的关键是提高厌氧释磷量.     

盐碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿叶片蛋白组的初步分析

以紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）品种"WL343HQ"为材料,对其幼苗进行150 mmol·L^-1的Na₂CO₃和NaHCO₃混合盐碱胁迫,采用iTRAQ技术结合反相液相色谱与液相串联色谱,分析盐碱胁迫叶片中蛋白表达的变化,并对获得的差异蛋白进行生物信息学分析。结果表明,在盐碱胁迫处理下共鉴定到318个显著差异蛋白,包括172个上调蛋白和146个下调蛋白,这些差异蛋白的功能涉及多种代谢途径,其中与光合作用相关的蛋白质表达量总体下调,与苯丙素生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢和类黄酮生物合成相关的蛋白质表达量总体上调。通过蛋白组学分析技术可有效筛选紫花苜蓿叶片中差异表达蛋白,可为深入研究紫花苜蓿应对盐碱胁迫的分子机制提供一定的理论基础。