Plankton abundance and size structure in the northern North Pacific Ocean in early summer

Phyto- and zooplankton abundance and size structure were investigated in the northern North Pacific Ocean (37.0–49.5^oN along 180^o longitude) during June of 1987. The area between 41.5^oN and 47.5^oN was expected to be abundant in phytoplankton since both water column stability and nutrient availability were favourable for phytoplankton growth. Actual phytoplankton abundance was, however, low between 41.5^oN and 45.5^oN. In particular, abundance of net phytoplankton (>10μm) was low although picophytoplankton (<2 μm) was abundant between 41.5^oN and 43.5^oN. The zooplankton community between 41.5^oN and 45.5^oN was characterized by a large amount of net zooplankton and a small amount of microzooplankton. This situation may be best explained by top-down control; that is, net zooplankton grazing suppressed net phytoplankton and microzooplankton abundance. The diminished microzooplankton promoted the increase of picophytoplankton. Because planktivorous Pacific saury were abundant between 40.0^oN and 41.0^oN, it is further speculated that the low biomass of net zooplankton south of 41.0^oN resulted from feeding by Pacific saury. The reduced grazing pressure of net zooplankton may have enhanced the growth of net phytoplankton and microzooplankton in this region.     

秋香江冬季水质现状及浮游生物群落结构特征

【目的】调查秋香江上游、中游和下游3个水电站6个监测断面的水环境因子、浮游生物组成等,阐明秋香江的水生态现状。【方法】分别利用综合营养状态指数、生物多样性指数和冗余分析,调查水质现状、浮游生物的群落结构特征及两者间的关系。【结果】秋香江水体透明度为0.32～0.53 m,叶绿素a含量为0.10～0.43 mg/L,总磷含量为0.6～5.3 mg/L,总氮含量为1.39～4.33 mg/L,高锰酸盐浓度为 0.70～3.90 mg/L,综合营养状态指数表明秋香江水体现处于中营养状态水平;共鉴定出53种浮游植物和62种浮游动物,浮游植物密度和浮游动物丰度范围分别为5.1×10~8～1.89×10~9 cells/L和3.93～232.87 ind/L,其中绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻、原生动物和轮虫为优势种;综合浮游生物的多样性指数来看,秋香江属于中污染水平。【结论】秋香江上游受到了一定程度的污染,沿着河流方向污染程度减小,溶解氧是影响秋香江浮游生物群落结构的关键环境因子。     

赤水河春季浮游植物群落结构变化及其优势种生态位分析

基于2011-2016年春季对赤水河4个断面浮游植物的调查,分析其群落结构变化及优势种生态位,揭示浮游植物群落变化规律、优势种的生态位分化及其环境适应性,可为赤水河浮游植物群落结构特征研究提供基础资料。结果显示,6年间在赤水河共采集到浮游植物7门、68属、233种（变种）,主要为硅藻,占比超过60%;浮游植物细胞密度在（17.28～136.68）×104个/L,各段面浮游植物密度年际间变化无显著差异,群落组成时间异质性较空间异质性明显,时空方差分解显示,时间变异可解释总变异的24.5%,空间变异仅解释总变异的2.0%;浮游植物多样性指数显示,2014年和2016年赤水河处于轻污或无污染状态,2011-2013年和2015年受到中度人为影响。2011-2016年春季赤水河共出现优势种31种（变种）,主要为广生态位和中生态位种,生态位重叠指数在同一门类物种中最高,在不同门类物种中最小。研究表明,赤水河春季浮游植物对水生态环境的适应能力强,对水环境变化有较好的适应性。     

海洋微生物活性物质的研究进展

对海洋放线菌、海洋细菌、海洋真菌及海洋微藻产生的生物活性物质进行综述。     

Estimation of gut contents of freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis L.

This study examined the food organisms found in the gut of freshwater mussels, Lamellidens marginalis L. A total of 34 taxa of food organisms were recorded, out of which 30 taxa belonged to phytoplankton and four taxa to zooplankton. Both the groups comprised three families each: Cyanophyceae (blue‐green algae), Chlorophycea (green algae) and Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) constituted phytoplankton, whereas Euglenaceae, Chlamydodontidae and Brachionidae belonged to zooplankton. The total number of frequencies of phytoplankton (n=537) were almost nine times more than that of zooplankton (n=60). When blue‐green algae, green algae, diatoms and zooplankton (all the three families together) were tested for significant difference (P<0.05) following Duncan's multiple range test, the result showed only two groups. Blue‐green algae, green algae and zooplankton were not significantly different (P<0.05), forming group A, whereas diatoms were significantly different from others, forming group B. The present study showed that the maximum number of organisms that mussels feed upon belong to green algae, followed by diatoms, blue‐green algae and few taxa of zooplankton.     

关于我国海水网箱养鱼发展现状与危机分析及可持续发展的探讨

我国海水网箱养鱼发展现状是以个体联合体生产经营为主体的低技术水平的数量规模化，众多传统港湾已形成了大范围的严重超负荷养殖状态，其对环境巨大的污染力引发鱼病猖獗和频受赤潮侵袭，已面临严峻的养殖环境危机。本文综合分析了我国海水网箱养鱼的发展现状与负面效应及其现状危机，并初步进行了危机根源和可持续发展的讨论分析。     

海洋文化要素在滨海旅游中的作用——以舟山群岛为例构建文化承载力模型实证分析

在推进海洋文化建设的背景下对文化要素在滨海旅游中的作用进行量化,基于对滨海旅游文化承载力的分析,以舟山地区为例测量出该地区对文化感知度或是接受容纳程度的数值,结果表明:文化因素在滨海旅游中具有重要作用,并提出了加大滨海旅游中文化建设的建议。     

温度休克法在海洋生物多倍体诱导中的应用

温度休克法是海洋生物多倍体育种的一种重要手段,具有操作简便、成本低廉、诱导成功率较高等优点,主要包括冷休克和热休克2种方式.文中综述了温度休克法诱导海洋鱼类和贝类多倍体的原理、特点及研究现状,对多倍体未来的研究方向进行了展望,以期为其他海洋生物多倍体诱导提供理论参考.     

海洋药物新技术研究进展

近年来生物研究技术的发展,为开发海洋药物提供了新的方法、思路和方向。介绍了海洋药物研究的新技术,包括生物筛选技术、多肽固相合成法、超临界流体色谱法生产技术,指出了海洋药物研究存在的问题,并对相关研究进行了展望。     

水中爆破对海洋生物及海洋环境的影响研究

本文主要根据１９８３年６月在莱州湾现场模拟水中爆破勘探石油对水产资源的影响实验，分别实验了爆破所产生的声压波对鱼、虾、蟹、贝类和浮游生物的影响，采集并分析了爆炸前后的海水样品。由实验结果得出，水中爆破对海水水质的影响主要因素是：悬浮物、无机氮等。水中爆破所产生的声压波对海洋生物有一定的致死作用，但致死范围不大，而对水产资源的幼体和浮游生物伤害较大。