水产品加工副产物的综合利用

我国是世界上水产品的生产和消费大国,每年产生大量的水产品加工副产物,如何提高这些副产物的利用效率,对于减少环境污染、提高加工企业经济效益和水产资源的综合利用率均具有重要意义。文中就近年来,水产品加工副产物和低值水产品的综合利用现状做一简单介绍。     

发展中国南海热带岛礁海洋牧场——机遇、现状与展望

广阔的南海热带海域拥有得天独厚的岛礁资源与环境优势,具有巨大的开发利用潜力。近年来,在国家"海洋强国"战略的提出与稳步践行的背景之下,加快南海岛礁渔业资源的保护与可持续利用已迫在眉睫。现代海洋牧场是集生境修复、资源养护、休闲渔业和景观生态于一体的渔业生产新业态,真正实现了海洋经济发展和海洋生态环境保护并重,但目前南海热带岛礁海洋牧场建设仍严重滞后。充分利用南海热带岛礁海域的资源与环境优势,发展热带海洋牧场可以有力振兴岛礁经济、保护与合理开发岛礁资源,同时也是维护南海海洋权益、实践"海洋强国"战略的有力举措。本文论述了南海热带岛礁海域开展海洋牧场建设的优势,包括政策优势、自然地理优势、资源优势和产业经济优势等;提出南海热带岛礁海洋牧场的适宜建设模式,主要包括资源养护与增殖型海洋牧场和休闲旅游型海洋牧场;综述了广东、广西和海南省在热带近岸和岛礁海洋牧场建设方面的进展;阐述了热带岛礁牧场建设面临的困难和风险,包括气候与自然灾害、生物敌害、基础设施落后、海域使用权审批严格等问题;基于对问题的分析,提出了相关的对策与建议,包括科学选址、优化设施设计与投放方案、研发敌害应对技术、提升自动化信息化运营管理能力、创新牧场投资与运行模式、加大政府政策支持与扶持力度等,相关建议以期为未来南海热带岛礁海洋牧场建设提供策略支持。     

Effects of temperature and body weight on growth rate and feed conversion ratio in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Six size groups of hatchery produced turbot (2–499 g) were reared at six constant temperatures (10–25 °C). The results were used to develop a mathematical model for growth rate and feed conversion in turbot. At each temperature there were linear relationships between logarithms of (a) specific growth rate (G%/day) and body weight (W g), and (b) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and W. The slopes of the regressions were linearly related to temperature and the intercepts of the regression changed with temperature according to a second order polynomial. The optimal temperature for growth (T_opt.G) is predicted to decline with increasing body weight: T_opt.G = 22.45 − 0.713lnW, i.e. 22.5, 20.8, 19.1 and 17.5 °C for 1, 10, 100 and 1000 g fish, respectively, and the growth rates of these fish sizes at their optimal temperature (G_max) were predicted to be 7.63, 2.73, 1.03 and 0.40%/day, respectively. The optimal temperature for feed conversion (T_opt.FCR) is also predicted to decline with increasing fish size: T_opt.FCR = 18.80 − 0.625lnW, i.e. 18.8, 17.4, 15.9 and 14.5 °C for 1, 10, 100 and 1000 g fish, respectively, and the predicted feed conversions of these fish sizes (FCR_min) were 0.44, 0.56, 0.68 and 0.82 for the present feed types. The growth model predicts that 2 g turbot can reach 743 and 619 g in 1 year when reared at T_opt.G and T_opt.FCR, respectively.     

中国海水鱼养殖业绿色发展效率评价与影响因素分析

海水鱼养殖业作为中国海水养殖重要产业,在大食物观背景下正面临推进绿色转型的关键阶段,亟需提升绿色发展效率。本文运用超效率SBM模型,构建起包含非期望产出的海水鱼养殖业绿色发展效率评价指标体系,对中国海水鱼养殖业开展绿色发展效率评价,并基于面板Tobit模型探究影响海水鱼养殖业绿色发展效率提升的关键因素。研究结果表明,2017-2019年中国海水鱼养殖业绿色发展效率值分别为0.887、0.969、0.734,整体未达到绿色发展效率有效率状态。其中,卵形鲳鲹、军曹鱼在2017-2019年处于绿色发展效率有效率状态,大黄鱼和大菱鲆分别在2018年和2019年处于绿色发展效率有效率状态,其余养殖品种均未达到绿色发展效率有效率状态。海水鱼养殖绿色技术水平、海水鱼绿色养殖结构占比、海水鱼市场价格对绿色发展效率有显著的正向影响;政策支持对绿色发展效率呈正向影响,但不显著。本文通过对中国海水鱼养殖业绿色发展效率评价及影响因素分析,提出提升中国海水鱼养殖业绿色发展效率的对策建议,以期为促进中国海水鱼养殖业向绿色转型升级提供科学依据。     

Bridging the divide: Social–ecological coherence in Marine Protected Area network design

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海洋弗氏链霉菌HNM0089抗真菌活性成分研究

为了从海洋微生物中寻找农药先导化合物,本研究通过16S rRNA基因序列分析对具有抗真菌活性的海洋放线菌HNM0089的种属进行鉴定,并对其抗真菌的活性成分进行研究。结果表明:海洋放线菌HNM0089被鉴定为弗氏链霉菌(Streptomyces fradiae)。利用高分辨质谱、一维和二维核磁波谱技术,将其主要活性成分鉴定为星形孢菌素(Staurosporine)。该化合物对芒果炭疽病菌、水稻稻瘟病菌、香蕉枯萎病菌、薯蓣炭疽病菌和橡胶炭疽病菌均有抑制活性,具有开发成农用抗菌素的潜力。     

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物理海洋学课程群的规划与建设

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The effects of dietary HUFA level on flame angelfish (Centropyge loriculus) spawning,egg quality and early larval characteristics

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