HPLC在化学生态学和环境监测中的应用

高效液相色谱（HPLC）是在20世纪60年代末期，在经典液相色谱法和气相色谱法的基础上发展起来的新型分离分析技术。本文对其近期在化学生态学和环境监测中的应用做了评述。     

哀牢山区大叶茶种植的气候优势和类型分区

分析了哀牢山区域大叶茶种植的气候资源优势，确定了降水、相对湿度、年雾日等大叶茶气候区划指标，划分了大叶茶在哀牢山区种植的不同类型区域。     

Developments in soil microbiology since the mid 1960s

Since the 1960s, soil microbiology underwent major changes in methods and approaches and this review focuses on the developments in some selected aspects of soil microbiology. Research in cell numbers of specific bacterial and fungal groups was replaced by a focus on biochemical processes including soil enzyme activities, and flux measurements of carbon and nutrients. Ecologists focused on soil microbial pools whereas soil microbial biomass as an important source and sink of nutrients were recognized in agriculture. Soil microbiologists started to use structural components like phospholipid fatty acids for quantification of specific microbial groups without the need to cultivate them. In the last decade, molecular approaches allowed new insights through the analysis of soil extract DNA showing an unexpected diversity of genomes in soil. At the end of the review a brief outlook is given on the future of soil microbiology which ranges from in situ identification of bacteria, to routine assays of microbial communities by microarray technology.     

Impacts of lost fishing gear on coral reef sessile invertebrates in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

The Florida Keys coral reef ecosystem supports multimillion-dollar commercial and recreational fisheries. The ecological effects caused by fishing gear that is lost when cut or broken after snagging on the bottom is a growing concern to managers and scientists. Few data exist, however, to assess the impacts of lost fishing gear to benthic organisms and habitat structure. In this study, 63 offshore coral reef and hard-bottom sites were surveyed during 2001 to quantify the impacts of lost fishing gear to coral reef sessile invertebrates. Lost hook-and-line fishing gear accounted for 87% of all debris (N=298 incidences) encountered and was responsible for 84% of the 321 documented impacts to sponges and benthic cnidarians, predominantly consisting of tissue abrasion causing partial individual or colony mortality. Branching gorgonians (Octocorallia) were the most frequently affected (56%), followed by milleporid hydrocorals (19%) and sponges (13%). Factors affecting the impacts of lost fishing gear include sessile invertebrate density, the density of lost fishing gear, and gear length. While lost hook-and-line fishing gear is ubiquitous in the Florida Keys, less than 0.2% of the available milleporid hydrocorals, stony corals, and gorgonians in the habitats studied are adversely affected in terms of colony abrasions and partial mortality.     

Finding a needle in the haystack: Regional analysis of suitable Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi) forest in Southeast Asia

For species whose decline preceded the modern era and whose distribution is in the developing world, it is difficult to map suitable habitat across its former range. Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi) is an endangered cervid whose range across Southeast Asia was reduced during the last century to disjoint populations in Myanmar and Cambodia. We used ecological data from the present populations to determine landscape and habitat parameters that would help us predict the occurrence of the species in forests not yet surveyed. The suitable-forest GIS model was created using four readily available datasets for elevation, forest type, canopy closure, and human density. Comparison of the GIS model with 24 verified sightings of Eld’s deer during recent large mammal surveys in Cambodia, found 22 sightings (92%) within predicted suitable forest. Use the suitable-forest GIS model to survey a province in southern Lao People’s Democratic Republic, located a single, previously unreported population from 9 patches surveyed. In a separate analysis, a logistic regression model to predict Eld’s deer habitat in Northern Cambodia found percent tree cover, presence of wetlands, and distance to villages as the best predictors of deer, similar to variables used in the GIS model, with the exception of the importance of wetlands. Using mean annual rainfall to rank suitable-forest patches identified in the GIS model indicated dry dipterocarp forests in Northeastern Cambodia and Northern Myanmar have the highest potential to conserve eld’s deer. Examination of the suitable-forest GIS map and current protected areas indicated only Cambodia, with 11% suitable forest protected, has placed sufficient dry dipterocarp forest under protected status. Other Southeast Asia countries have not recognized dry dipterocarp forest as a significant ecotype worthy of conservation status.     

杭州城乡空间生态规划初步研究

21世纪城市发展趋势是走可持续发展的道路,城市规划引入了生态规划的原理和方法。在经济理性、社会理性等各种规划理论的基础上,强调了物质空间建设和自然生态协同发展的空间规划,形成一种人与自然和谐相处的环境。以杭州市的生态规划为例进行探讨,从生态规划的角度出发,提出农业生态、工业生态和文化生态建设,进行城乡规划的反思与初步探讨。     

潼南县土地利用景观格局特征分析

以2000年土地利用类型图为主要数据源，借助地理信息系统工具，对潼南县土地利用景观格局进行景观斑块数、斑块形状、多样性、均匀度及破碎度计算、分析和对比，揭示研究区内土地结构的空间特征。结果表明潼南县以农业景观为背景，其土地利用斑块形状较单一，景观多样性低、异质性差，土地利用结构不合理。     

基于水量调控防治艾比湖流域沙尘天气灾害的设想

针对艾比湖流域生态环境灾害，分析其成灾原因及发生规律。从改变水量分配时间格局的角度，分析入湖水量季节调控的可行性并提出实施方案。具体为通过人工引、蓄水设施将秋、冬季入湖地表径流蓄积起来，在春季大风、沙尘多发季节注入湖中，减少此时沙尘天气的发生。确定春季所需补充的水量，先以湖区地形图为基础建立湖区数字高程矩阵，然后回归计算湖面面积与湖水体积对应函数，此时根据实测的当年春季湖面面积即可算出达到预定湖面面积所需水量。按照此方案修建人工引、蓄水设施并实施调控后，既可以治理流域沙尘天气，又可最大限度节省水资源。     

土地整理对区域生态环境的影响分析

在我国要实现土地资源的可持续利用,就要采取土地整理,它是人类利用自然和改造自然的根本性措施,是社会经济发展到现阶段解决土地利用问题的必然选择.土地整理可使有限的土地资源发挥出最大的潜力.同时,在土地整理项目的实施过程中也出现了一系列的生态环境问题,为了保障土地整理项目区的生态安全,从区域可持续发展的视角,分析土地整理项目对区域水资源、区域景观生态的协调度等区域资源与环境的影响.从而探求能够保证土地整理项目区生态安全的有效措施.     

城市绿地空间景观生态设计研究--以浙江师范大学附中为研究案例

提出以生命属性划分城市绿地,自然河流、湖泊、池塘和湿地应归属城市绿地。提出除建筑物以外的一切空间均为开敞空间,包括所有的城市绿地、道路、广场、街道、巷弄、庭院等。运用景观生态学的基本理论和原理,针对城市基本用地单元,如一个校园、一个居住小区等,亦即针对20~30万m2尺度地域的开敞空间,进行生态规划设计具有很强的可操作性。以浙江师范大学附中为研究案例,通过对整个校园开敞空间的景观生态规划设计,以众多绿地廊道连接所有绿地斑块等规划和设计手法,使整个校园形成均衡网状结构套辐射网状结构的稳定空间格局。