甘蓝型油菜生态犁细胞质雄性不育系育性的初步研究

通过分期播种、异地播种、控光控温试验，研究了甘蓝型油菜501-8S育性的变化规律；利用501-8S与甘蓝型油菜品种（系）正反交，F1自交、回交等，研究了其育性遗传规律。结果表明：501-8S是温度敏感型雄性不育系，属高温不育类型，日均温在12．5～17．5℃育性发生转换，光照长度对其育性无明显影响；501-8S属细胞质雄性不育类型，其育性受一对基因控制。     

野败型不育系稻穗闭颖慢原因的探讨

 野败型不育系稻穗开颖迟、闭颖慢的原因与其浆片中维管束数目少、导管和维管束薄壁细胞不发达有关。闭颖过程受小穗轴控制，并受温度影响，而与受精过程无关。水稻颖花能在水中开闭。     

Inheritance of the Pale-Green Leaf Marker and Sterility Trait in Photo-Thermo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice

P/TGMS (photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterility) lines with pale-green leaf color have beendeveloped in japonica rice. The marker trait is used as an assistant selection in the production of the two-linessystem hybrid rice for the improvement of F1 seed purity. A joint inheritance study of both leaf color and malesterility is presented for P/TGMS line with pale-green leaf color. The segregation ratios for leaf color in the F2populations of the three crosses showed 13 : 3 and 15 : 1 at early and late sowing stages (April 26 and June23) respectively, implying that the leaf color is controlled by two genes with fertility gene as dominant. Steril-ity level is higher in the early sowing stage than that in the late sowing. The inducement of male sterility isclosely related to longer day-length and higher temperature at the developmental stages of young panicle. Thegenes to govern the leaf color and male fertility are inherited independently.     

紫菜薹细胞核雄性不育系数量性状配合力分析

采用不完全双列杂交,紫菜薹核基因雄性不育系239、240、242、246、249、250、258、259和父本290-1、288-3配制16个杂交组合,进行11个主要数量性状配合力和遗传力分析。配合力分析表明:一般配合力较好的父本290-1和雄性不育系240可作为优良的杂交育种亲本;特殊配合力较好的290-1×249和288-3×259可作为优良的杂交组合。遗传力分析表明:株高,叶长,主薹高,侧芽萌发力4个性状的遗传主要受基因加性效应控制,叶柄长,主薹重两个性状的遗传主要是非加性效应起作用。     

硬粒小麦温光敏雄性不育系DT—94的转育及利用研究简报

利用低温短光照胁迫 ,选出了 DT- 94硬粒小麦温光敏核型雄性不育系 ,同时转育出 DT- 32 84、DT- 199-2 0 1等新的温光敏雄性不育系 ,并筛选出 DT- 94 / 0 2 8、DT- 94 /澳 17等强优势组合 ,为小麦超高产育种开辟了一条新途径。     

中国大豆雄性不育和杂种优势利用研究进展与问题分析

杂种优势利用是大幅度提高大豆产量的有效措施之一,我同的大豆杂种优势利用研究开始于20世纪80年代中期,经过20多年的研究探索,我国在大豆杂种优势利用研究领域总体上处于国际前列.在世界上率先育成了大豆质核互作"三系",开展了大规模杂种优势测定研究,育成了数个大豆杂交种,对大豆杂交制种技术进行了广泛研究,取得重要进展.然而,杂交大豆的产业化进程仍较缓慢,还存在一系列问题亟待解决.文章总结我国在大豆雄性不育和杂种优势利用研究方面所取得的重要进展,对存在的主要问题进行了分析,并对今后的研究策略提出了建议.     

小麦粘型不育系其恢复系的选择新方法初探

为了探索选育小麦粘型优良恢复系的简便、快捷方法,采用多元统计分析进行了粘型不育系优良恢复系选择新方法的研究.研究结果表明,在筛选恢复系时不论采用国内法还是国际法所得出的结论是一致的;典型相关分析表明,欲提高F1的恢复度尤其是以国内法计算的恢复度时应重点选择分蘖力强、穗下节间较长、株高中等、穗子不太大的品种或品系;通过逐步回归分析得出了亲本株型性状对F1恢复度(国内法)性状的回归方程,其结果与典型相关分析的结果非常接近,说明用本方程进行恢复度预测是准确可靠的.     

Pigment deficiency correction in shrimp broodstock using Spirulina as a carotenoid source

In this study, an effort was made to cure the pigment deficiency syndrome (PDS) exhibited by pond‐reared Fenneropenaeus indicus (H.Milne Edwards) broodstock, using the blue‐green algae Spirulina as a carotenoid source in diet. The PDS symptoms included bleaching of ovary and reduced early larval performance. Biochemical analysis indicated reduced quantity of total carotenoids in egg and nauplii from the females with PDS. When PDS females were fed 30 g kg^?1Spirulina‐supplemented diet immediately after the appearance of symptoms, the egg and nauplii carotenoid values improved gradually and attained the pre‐PDS values after a minimum of 4 week period. Spirulina supplementation also improved significantly (P < 0.05) the spawn quality (hatch per spawn, nauplii per spawn, nauplii viability) and larval quality indices (P < 0.05). The egg and nauplii protein values exhibited a trend similar to carotenoids, confirming the influence of latter on protein stability previously reported by researchers. The study confirms the bioavailability of carotenoids from Spirulina to shrimp broodstock and recommends its regular inclusion in diet to preclude carotenoid deficiency‐related problems in shrimp hatcheries.     

Egg and larval quality,and egg fatty acid composition of Eurasian perch breeders (Perca fluviatilis) fed different dietary DHA/EPA/AA ratios

In Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), the variability in spawning quality is a major limiting factor for successful production, especially when breeders are fed with an artificial diet. The influence of the dietary DHA/EPA/AA ratio on the egg and larval quality and on the fatty acid and lipid class composition of eggs has been investigated in perch broodstock. Two experimental diets (16% lipids) with two different DHA/EPA/AA ratios, D1 (3/2/2) and D2 (23/9/1), were compared with a natural diet consisting of cultured carp juveniles, CC (10/10/1) and with a commercial diet for salmonids, CDS (14/16/1). Percentages of fertilization and hatching were comparable between fish fed D1, D2 and CC, with the highest hatching rate observed for D1 (63.5 ± 3.8%). These diets supported better values than the CDS. Larval survival and TL50 observed after osmotic stress were higher for the D1 group, followed by larvae produced by fish fed D2 and CC. Larvae from fish fed D1, D2 and CC were significantly more robust than larvae from the CDS group. Differences were observed regarding the fatty acid (FA) profile in the eggs, which was related to the dietary FA composition. The results indicate that a ratio of 3/2/2 seemed to be effective for obtaining eggs and larvae of good quality.     

Factors affecting the reproductive efficiency in crayfish: implications for aquaculture

In recent years, crayfish aquaculture industry has been developing rapidly in different regions of the world. Crayfish aquaculture is often carried out in dams, lakes and extensive pond systems. There is an increasing demand for crayfish juvenile in aquaculture sector. Therefore, it is important to know which factors affect reproductive efficiency in crayfish. In the present review, factors affecting the reproductive efficiency of crayfish are divided into two main sections, external and internal factors. Dietary lipids, phospholipids, highly unsaturated fatty acids, protein and amino acids, vitamins and carotenoids are important external factors affecting broodstock crayfish reproduction. In addition, various external (i.e. female size, stocking density, temperature, photoperiod, sex ratio) and internal (i.e. endogenous hormones) factors affect the reproductive efficiency in crayfish. This study reviews the present knowledge with the purpose of realizing the factors that are important to reach optimal crayfish nutrition, maturation and reproduction (i.e. pleopodal egg number and quality). This review will particularly be useful for crayfish farmers and crayfish hatchery units.