内蒙古鄂尔多斯市公园绿地土壤肥力调查与评价

通过土壤样品采集和实验室分析,系统研究鄂尔多斯市公园绿地土壤的化学特性及养分丰缺状况,包括pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷以及有效氮、磷、钾,分析养分因子之间的相关性,评价公园绿地土壤的肥力状况,揭示出鄂尔多斯市公园绿地土壤存在的问题：土壤pH值偏高,其中85.7%的土壤呈强碱性,其余呈碱性;多数土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量处于缺乏及以下水平;土壤pH值与有机质、速效钾分别显著和极显著负相关;有机质与其他养分因子之间均极显著相关。     

琼中绿橙实施绿色综合防控技术可行性和效益初步估算

以琼中绿橙为例,对海南琼中绿橙的化学防治情况进行调研,进行绿色综合防控技术研究。从可行性和成本效益的角度进行分析,对其实施绿色综合防控技术的效益进行估算,并提出相关建议。     

Overview on Biological Activities and Molecular Characteristics of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Green Algae in Recent Years

Among the three main divisions of marine macroalgae (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta), marine green algae are valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds and remain largely unexploited in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical areas. Recently, a great deal of interest has been developed to isolate novel sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) from marine green algae because of their numerous health beneficial effects. Green seaweeds are known to synthesize large quantities of SPs and are well established sources of these particularly interesting molecules such as ulvans from Ulva and Enteromorpha, sulfated rhamnans from Monostroma, sulfated arabinogalactans from Codium, sulfated galacotans from Caulerpa, and some special sulfated mannans from different species. These SPs exhibit many beneficial biological activities such as anticoagulant, antiviral, antioxidative, antitumor, immunomodulating, antihyperlipidemic and antihepatotoxic activities. Therefore, marine algae derived SPs have great potential for further development as healthy food and medical products. The present review focuses on SPs derived from marine green algae and presents an overview of the recent progress of determinations of their structural types and biological activities, especially their potential health benefits.     

绿肥填闲种植对旱作冬小麦农田耕层土壤物理性质的影响

[目的]探讨绿肥填闲种植对旱作冬小麦农田耕层土壤物理性质的影响,为其在黄土高原旱作农业区的推广提供科学依据。[方法]基于4 a田间定位试验,研究了夏闲期种植长武怀豆、苏丹草、怀豆/苏丹草混播以及裸地休闲(CK)对旱作冬小麦收获期农田耕层(0—20 cm)土壤容重、孔隙度、持水量和团聚体的影响。[结果]在0—10 cm土层,与CK相比,苏丹草和混播处理显著降低了土壤容重,怀豆,苏丹草和混播处理显著提高了土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、大团聚体(>5 mm)所占比例和团聚体平均重量直径(MWD);在10—20 cm土层,苏丹草处理大团聚体所占比例和MWD均显著高于CK。土壤容重与土壤有机碳含量呈显著负相关,毛管孔隙度和团聚体平均重量与绿肥生物量呈显著正相关,而土壤总孔隙度、饱和持水量和毛管持水量与绿肥生物量和土壤有机碳均呈显著正相关。[结论]在黄土高原地区,夏闲期单播种植长武怀豆、苏丹草及混播均能显著改善耕层土壤物理性质,综合来看,苏丹草单播的效果优于长武怀豆单播和二者混播。     

干燥致密土壤在沙粒流冲击下的磨蚀规律

在土壤风蚀过程中,跃移颗粒对表土的冲击磨蚀是公认的一种重要起尘机制。磨蚀体现了跃移沙与土壤相互作用,受沙粒跃移运动参数和土壤力学性质共同控制。然而,现有风蚀模型尚未充分考虑土壤力学性质的地位与作用,缺少磨蚀速率计算公式,亟需从固体力学角度探讨土壤磨蚀规律。该研究借鉴岩石磨蚀模型,针对含水率小于1.5%、体密度大于1.60×103 kg/m3的干燥致密土壤,提出了代表单位时间内的碰撞次数、土壤抗压强度和杨氏模量、入射沙粒动能和密度等综合效应的磨蚀变量;通过标准压缩试验测得黏土、砂土、壤土、砂质黏土、壤质黏土共5种人工均质土壤的抗压强度和杨氏模量的范围分别为0.823～4.092 MPa和0.043～0.149 GPa;利用自行设计的冲击磨蚀试验得到了干燥致密土壤在沙漠沙颗粒流冲击作用下的磨蚀规律,即磨蚀速率是磨蚀变量的线性函数,其斜率与截距分别为3.27×104和-0.027 kg/s。研究结果有助于恰当描述风蚀模型中的土壤力学性质、准确计算风蚀速率,进而服务于农田防护和水土保持工程,并为中国西北干旱区天然地貌和人工建筑风蚀现象的研究提供理论依据与数据支撑。     

单色绿光环境对孵化中种蛋蛋壳理化特性的影响

蛋壳是鸡胚发育过程中与外界环境进行气体和热量交换的重要媒介,其结构、形态等因素均为影响鸡胚发育的重要因素。单色绿光照射可缩短种蛋孵化时间,促进出雏、提高种蛋孵化率。有鉴于此,该研究针对单色绿光调控孵化过程中的种蛋蛋壳色度、蛋壳结构、色素含量及元素含量等因素进行监测,从种蛋蛋壳特性变化的角度探究单色绿光在种蛋孵化过程中促进雏鸡出雏的机制。结果表明,与传统黑暗孵化环境相比较,孵化过程单色绿光形成的光环境促使蛋壳对孵化环境产生适应性响应,蛋壳表面亮度显著降低（P<0.01）,抑制了蛋壳中绿色色素-胆绿素的分解（P<0.01）。且单色绿光有助于鸡胚吸收利用蛋壳中的Ca元素,显著促进孵化过程中蛋壳表面孔隙面积的风化增大（P<0.000 1）,提高蛋壳的通透性及散热效果,利于出雏期间雏鸡出壳,有助于促进出雏并降低孵化死亡率。该研究阐析了单色绿光孵化过程中种蛋蛋壳特性的变化,为单色绿光促进种蛋出雏及其在孵化产业的应用奠定了一定的理论基础。     

上海优质粳稻产业现状及高质量发展对策

总结了上海优质粳稻产业发展现状,分析了产业发展中存在的问题,提出了相应对策。具体对策为：进一步优化茬口布局,推进用养结合型稻田农作制;实现优质水稻品种创新和绿色生产关键技术提升;以智慧农业为引领,积极推进现代农机农艺应用,提升绿色水稻产能水平;实施地产稻米品牌战略,促进提质增效。     

Alternate Two Different Modes of Actions of Green Chemicals to Combat Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick and Cadra cautella Walk on Date Palm Fruit,Egypt

Alternate two different modes of actions of green chemicals： spinosad ＆ methoxyfenozide to combat the lesser date moth, Batrachedra amydraula and the Almond moth, Cadra cautella Walk on dates in Dakhla Oasis, New Valley, Egypt were done in 2010 and 201 I. Based on infestation of the early insect pest B. amydraula, the three-rotation program with basic 1st spray of spinosad 24 SC at 20 mL/100 L showed insignificant difference. Based on minimum effective rotation doses, alternating spinosad 24 SC at 20 mL/100 L, then methoxyfenozide 24 SC at 15 mL/100 L with two-week interval showed zero infestation and 1.8% at the last sample of 2010 and 2011, respectively. Based on infestation of the late insect pest, Cadra spp., tlhe same previous trend of the three-rotation results. Based on minimum effective rotation doses, alternating spinosad 24 SC at 20 mL/100 L, then methoxyfenozid 24 SC at 15 mL/100 L with three-week interval indicated less than 1% and 1% infestation during harvest for 2010 and 201 l, respectively. The last reflected important value when storing the fruit. Both products proved to be working under dry hot high temperatures.     

日光温室彩椒主要病虫害绿色防控技术

病虫害防治是日光温室彩椒栽培的关键环节之一。介绍日光温室彩椒的主要病虫害及其综合防治策略,从农业防治、生物防治、物理防治、化学防治方面阐述彩椒病虫害绿色防控主要技术措施,以期为做好日光温室彩椒的病虫害防控提供参考。     

第三次工业革命的发展趋势及其对“三农”问题的启示

化石能源模式发展的不可持续,引发了以可再生能源、数字制造及大数据为标志的第三次工业革命的兴起。这场革命要求发展可再生能源,存储间歇式能源,建立互联能源共享网络。与此同时,这场革命对我国新型城镇化建设提出了新要求:发展绿色农业、建设生态农村;拓展智慧农业云平台;培训新型农民和转变政府管理模式。