Regeneration of adventitious shoots from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1)

Adventitious shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1) was achieved in vitro. The influences of the presence and absence of the light, different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and benzyladenine (BA) in the culture media, TDZ pretreatments and different basal salts on shoot regeneration were evaluated. TDZ was more effective in inducing shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons than BA. Dark incubation significantly increased the regeneration frequencies. Quoirin/Lepoivre (QL) basal salts stimulated shoot regeneration more than woody plant (WPM) or B5 salts did. The frequency of adventitious shoot formation varied among the varieties and the regeneration ability appeared to be genotype depended. The frequency of regeneration under the optimum tested conditions for ‘Bruce’, ‘Shiro’, ‘Redheart’, ‘Gladstone’ and ‘Early Golden’ cotyledons were 66.7%, 46.7%, 43.3%, 26.7% and 6.7%, respectively.     

油松幼枝 (松笔头)挥发性成分的分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对辽宁产油松幼枝（松笔头）的挥发性成分进行提取,采用GC/MS方法对提取的挥发性成分进行了分离、鉴定,共鉴定了25个化学万分,挥发油得率约为2.1%。     

普洱茶发酵过程中外源接种黄曲霉产毒研究

以云南大叶种晒青茶为原料,接种产毒黄曲霉进行模拟普洱茶发酵试验,并在发酵结束时通过LC-MS/MS法对茶样进行黄曲霉毒素检测,研究普洱茶发酵过程中黄曲霉的生长及产毒情况。结果表明,在普洱茶发酵过程中,接种的黄曲霉能在茶叶中生长繁殖,初期生长较快,但随发酵时间的延长,黄曲霉在茶叶中的生长明显受到抑制,其数量逐渐下降。发酵终止时,未在茶样中检测出黄曲霉毒素。     

大白菜细胞质雄性不育的分子鉴定及序列分析

为了获得3种大白菜细胞质雄性不育系Ogu CMS,Pol CMS,CMS96和保持系间的多态性以及定位大白菜CMS96不育系所属的不育类型,利用设计的atp6,orf222单一和混合引物PCR扩增3组11份同核异质大白菜细胞质雄性不育系和保持系mtDNA。结果表明,atp6引物在大白菜Ogu CMS不育系扩增的200 bp片段为其特异带;orf222引物仅在大白菜Pol CMS和CMS96不育系有扩增产物,但二者有3点完全不同:大白菜Pol CMS不育系扩增产物为675bp,CMS96不育系扩增产物为669 bp,二者相差6个核苷酸,后者定名为大白菜CMS96-orf222。大白菜CMS96-orf222与甘蓝型油菜Nap CMS的nad5c基因和Nap-orf222基因同源性均为99%,E值为0.0;大白菜Pol CMS的675 bp序列具有ORF224开放阅读框,没有保守结构域,而大白菜CMS96的669 bp序列具有ORF222开放阅读框和保守结构域YMF19。另外,atp6和orf222混合引物多重PCR扩增产物存在明显多态性:800 bp为大白菜保持系的差异带型;2 300 bp和1 500 bp为大白菜Pol CMS不育系特异带型;200 bp为大白菜Ogu CMS不育系特异带型;690 bp为大白菜CMS96不育系特异带型。该方法仅用一次PCR反应快速地将3种大白菜细胞质雄性不育系和保持系一次性全部区分开,为大白菜分子育种和常规育种更好地相结合提供了简单、快速、准确和重复性好的方法和手段。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用快速检测玉米及土壤中莠去津残留

采用分散固相萃取（QuEChERS）为样品前处理方法,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱快速检测玉米及土壤中莠去津残留分析方法。玉米及土壤样品经乙腈提取、乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷（PSA）分散固相（DSPE）净化后,应用超高效液相色谱/电喷雾串联四极杆质谱仪多离子反应监测（MRM）定量检测,分别以碎片离子m/z216〉146和m/z216〉174定性,以m/z216〉96进行外标法定量。结果表明,在0.005～0.5mg·kg^-1添加水平范围内莠去津的平均添加回收率在77.01%～112.62%之间,相对标准偏差在2.23%～8.43%之间,对莠去津的检出限（LOD）为0.39～0.91μg·kg^-1,定量检出限（LOQ）为1.33～3.02μg·kg^-1。该方法灵敏度高,操作简单,定量准确,测定浓度范围宽,可用于莠去津的残留分析。     

甲砜霉素在鲤鱼及鲫鱼体内的残留研究

本研究旨在分析甲砜霉素在鲤鱼和鲫鱼体内的残留消除规律并为制定休药期提供依据。按照30 mg/kg的给药量对鲤鱼和鲫鱼连续口灌给药甲砜霉素3天,定时取样,外标法定量,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测采样组织中甲砜霉素的残留量。结果显示：甲砜霉素在0.1~200 ng/mL范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9987。回收率在81.33%~109.72%之间。甲砜霉素在停止给药后鱼体各检测组织中残留量呈下降趋势,在停药25天后,甲砜霉素残留量低于中国与欧盟规定的最高残留限量(MRLs)。根据结果,建议休药期为25天。     

40%乙酰甲胺磷乳油在青油菜和土壤中的消解动态研究

为了评价乙酰甲胺磷在蔬菜上使用后的环境行为和环境安全性,采用GC/MS测定方法,研究了40%乙酰甲胺磷乳油在青油菜和土壤环境中的消解动态规律和最终残留。结果表明：乙酰甲胺磷在降解过程中可转化为甲胺磷,乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷在青油菜上的降解半衰期分别为1.36d、2.86d,在土壤中的降解半衰期分别为1.84d、2.96d,乙酰甲胺磷降解速率比甲胺磷快,在正常使用条件下,不会造成环境的累积和污染     

小麦籽粒B族维生素含量及其与籽粒色素的相关分析研究

小麦籽粒含有多种B族维生素,本研究通过测定24个不同粒色的小麦品种中维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6及籽粒色素含量,并研究不同颜色的小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量与小麦籽粒颜色的关系及其变异规律,为B族维生素的利用及小麦品质育种提供依据。应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,采用大气压电喷雾离子源,正离子模式,多反应检测（MRM）模式精确测定小麦籽粒中维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6,分光光度法测定小麦籽粒色素含量。黑小麦76和VICTO杂交后代F8代12个姊妹系B族维生素含量变化很大,12个姊妹系间维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6的含量差异达极显著水平。冬鉴系列的10个小麦品种（系）维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6的含量差异达显著水平。相关分析表明,籽粒色素含量与B族维生素含量不存在显著正相关,籽粒颜色深小麦并不一定富含B族维生素。小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量受基因型的影响, 可以通过遗传改良的手段提高B族维生素在小麦籽粒中的含量。黑小麦76（母本）和VICTO（父本）杂交产生的F8代12个姊妹系的小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量存在着明显的超高亲杂种优势,因此,可通过有性杂交,培育高B族维生素含量的小麦品种。     

Soil volatile fungistasis and volatile fungistatic compounds

Fungistasis is a widespread phenomenon that can be mediated by soil microorganisms and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The relationship between soil microorganisms and VOCs is still unclear, however, and many fungistatic compounds remain to be identified. We assessed the effects of soils (soil direct fungistasis) and VOCs produced by natural soils (soil volatile fungistasis) on the spore germination of several fungi. Both strong soil direct fungistasis and soil volatile fungistasis were observed in a wide range of soils. Soil fungistasis and VOC fungistasis were significantly correlated (P<0.001). The volatile fungistatic activity of soils stopped after autoclaving. Some VOCs were identified by using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrum. VOC composition and in vitro antagonism of relatively pure commercial compounds also were measured. Some VOCs, trimethylamine, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, dimethyl disulfide, methyl pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, benzaldehyde, N,N-dimethyloctylamine and nonadecane, were produced by various fungistatic soils. Moreover, antifungal activity test of above VOCs showed that trimethylamine, benzaldehyde, and N,N-dimethyloctylamine have strong antifungal activity even at low levels (4-12 mg l⁻¹).     

UASB工艺处理高浓度Vc生产废水的试验研究

采用UASB反应器对高浓度Vc生产废水进行了实验室处理研究。试验结果表明:Vc废水的厌氧处理运行性能因水质不同而存在很大差异。转化母液的容积负荷在8kg COD.m-3d-1以下时,去除率基本稳定在65%以上。当负荷继续提高时,去除率会急剧下降并保持在50%左右。精制母液和提取母液的容积负荷在10kgCOD.m-3d-1时去除率仍能稳定在70%以上。这些表明当两套反应系统的容积负荷控制在一定范围时,UASB反应器可以有效去除大部分的有机污染物。同时也说明转化母液废水中存在相当数量的难生物降解化合物。GC/MS水质分析结果表明,其中含有大量10C以上的长直链或双苯环等结构的难生物降解物。系统中厌氧颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性随着反应器中污泥驯化的进行和负荷的增加而上升。