玉簪抗旱性隶属函数及主成分分析

为利用我国丰富的玉簪属(Hosta)种质资源,给园林绿化提供优良抗旱的玉簪属植物品种,应用隶属函数及主成分分析法对5个优良玉簪品种的抗旱性进行了评价.结果表明:7个存在一定相关关系的抗旱指标通过隶属函数结合主成分分析归纳成伤害程度因子、抗旱能力因子、水分状况因子3个主成分;5个玉簪属植物种质资源的抗旱性顺序由强到弱依次为:金冠玉簪>白花玉簪>花叶玉簪>紫萼玉簪>绿叶玉簪;综合聚类分析,金冠玉簪、白花玉簪抗旱性较强,可供将来在缺水地区生产实践中参考使用,以解决园林建设和水资源有限两者之间的矛盾.     

河北省夏玉米田杂草群落数量分析

采用改良的倒“W”9点取样法对河北省夏玉米田的杂草群落进行调查,比较了杂草的相对优势度和杂草群落物种多样性指数,通过系统聚类分析对杂草群落进行相似性测度,采用主成分分析对杂草间相关性和分化方向进行分析。结果表明,夏玉米田的优势杂草主要是马唐等禾本科杂草,杂草群落可分为马唐+狗尾草+牛筋草+反枝苋+铁苋菜+打碗花和马唐+狗尾草+牛筋草+铁苋菜+马齿苋两类,分别属于冀中南山前平原和黑龙港地区两个地理区域。对杂草群落的生物多样性进行分析,黑龙港地区杂草群落中优势杂草的相对优势度高于冀中南山前平原,杂草群落结构的复杂程度和物种分布的均匀度低于冀中南山前平原。主成分分析表明,冀中南山前平原的各杂草种在群落中的分布比较均匀,黑龙港地区的各草种在群落中的分布则比较集中,且优势杂草间的相关性较高。     

农药产品中隐性成分的危害与治理对策

近年来,随着农药监管水平的不断提高,以降低有效成分含量坑农害农的违法行为逐年减少,而向农药产品中添加隐性成分增加。农药隐性成分对农业生产、生态环境及人类健康等方面存在很大安全隐患,必须严格管理。本文总结了目前农药产品添加隐性成分现状,分析了农药隐性成分的危害,并对进一步加强管理进行了探讨。     

土壤酸化对双季早、晚稻产量的影响

土壤pH是影响水稻生长的重要因素,目前还不清楚土壤酸化对双季水稻产量的影响。本研究利用硫酸调节土壤pH结合移栽后浇灌不同pH的水使土壤酸化。结果表明,随着土壤pH的下降,双季早、晚稻生育期延长,物质生产量下降,产量降低,当浇灌水pH下降至4.5以下,土壤pH下降至5.0以下时,双季早、晚稻产量下降明显,其中早稻平均下降7.82%,晚稻平均下降8.06%;当浇灌水pH下降至3.5以下,土壤pH下降至4.5以下时,双季早、晚稻产量下降幅度更大。土壤酸化主要抑制双季早、晚稻前期分蘖的发生,导致每穗粒数降低,结实率和千粒重也表现出下降的趋势。     

Effect of prolonged cold storage on the sensory quality of peach and nectarine

To maintain peach and nectarine quality after harvest, low temperature storage is used. Low temperatures induce physiological disorders in peach, but the effect of cold storage on the sensory quality of the fruit before it is damaged by chilling injury syndrome remains unclear. To evaluate the cold storage effect on the sensory quality two peach cultivars (’Royal Glory’ and ‘Elegant Lady’) and two nectarines (’Ruby Diamond’ and ‘Venus’) were harvested at a standardized firmness level and subjected to quality evaluations and sensory analysis at harvest and after storage at 0 °C for 35 d. For both time points, a supplementary ripening followed such that homogeneous flesh firmness and suitability for consumption was achieved.The fruit segregation through the Durofel firmness (DF), evaluated using a non-destructively method (Durofel device), allowed the formation of a uniform group of fruit in terms of flesh firmness (FF), showing scores between 45.1 and 55.9 N. The average FF in fruit ripened immediately after harvest was 22.9 N and 25.6 N in fruit ripened after cold storage for 35 d.The “acceptability” of fruit is highly correlated with “aroma”, “sweetness”, “juiciness”, “texture” and “flavor”. Only the “acid taste” parameter had no significant correlation with “acceptability” or with the other parameters evaluated.It is possible to conclude that the sensory quality and acceptability of peach and nectarine are characteristic of each cultivar and change, depending on the time elapsed after harvest. In general, it was confirmed that nectarine cultivars have a more consistent quality than peach cultivars.     

Surface decontamination of fresh-cut apple by pulsed light: Effects on structure,colour and sensory properties

The effect of pulsed light at increasing fluence (17.5, 52.5, 105.0 and 157.5 kJ/m²) was studied with reference to germicidal efficiency and changes in fresh-like appearance of sliced apple. Independent of fluence, viable counts and inoculated bacteria were reduced by 1 and 3 logs respectively. Fluence significantly affected weight loss, colour and sensory attributes of apple slices during storage at 6 °C. Pulsed light at 17.5 kJ/m² resulted in apple slices comparable to the untreated samples, with limited quality changes. By contrast, at higher fluence, apple slices underwent dehydration and browning due to loss of cell integrity. Exposure to high fluence treatments was also associated with negative changes in the flavour profile of sliced apple during storage.     

箭环蝶营养成分分析

为了探寻箭环蝶的主要营养成分,评价箭环蝶的营养价值水平,为箭环蝶的食用开发提供理论基础。运用国家标准检测方法测定箭环蝶脂肪、蛋白质、矿质元素、氨基酸的含量,分析箭环氨基酸分、化学分、必需氨基酸指数,并将箭环蝶的蛋白质、脂肪、矿质元素含量与常见食物的含量进行比较分析。分析表明箭环蝶具有高蛋白、低脂肪、矿质元素种类多且含量丰富的特点,箭环蝶的蛋白质含量丰富为73.0%,脂肪含量为3.94%;总氨基酸含量较高为622.5 mg/gDW,其中必需氨基酸含量比例较大,占总氨基酸含量的39.5%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量比值为0.65,各种必需氨基酸含量均衡,第一限制性氨基酸为苏氨酸含量为35.1 mg/g protein。箭环蝶是一种具有较高营养价值的昆虫和具有开发优良昆虫活性蛋白食品潜力的优质蝶种。     

对虾组织膜蛋白制备方法及其多肽组成

选取凡纳缤对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的4种组织(鳃、血淋巴、肝胰腺、肌肉)，着重对膜蛋白的提取方法及其多肽组成进行分析。在对虾组织膜蛋白提取过程中，使用了5种蛋白酶抑制剂(苯甲基磺酰氟PMSF、胃酶抑制剂、亮抑酶肽、胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂、胰蛋白酶抑制剂)，以减少组织自身的酶将蛋白降解的可能。电镜观察，可见纯度较高的、细胞膜结构卷曲形成的小泡样、封闭的结构。使用Gel-Pro软件对提取产物的SDSPAGE图谱分析，确定了这几种组织的特征多肽分子量分别为75．0kD、70．5kD、26．7kD和71．2kD。     

云南引进紫花苜蓿品种的品比试验研究

在云南不同气候条件下,对国外引进的25个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种的产量表现和部分品种的营养成分进行分析、总结和评价,结果表明,最优良的品种为西玛罗紫花苜蓿,其次为猎人田紫花苜蓿.旨在为云南及相似气候环境大面积种植紫花苜蓿的品种选用提供参考.