青海湖裸鲤和鲤鱼胰脏和肠管淀粉酶活性的研究

采用碘———淀粉比色法对青海湖裸鲤和鲤鱼胰脏及肠管淀粉酶的活性进行了定量分析。结果表明:青海湖裸鲤胰脏及肠管淀粉酶活性随体重的增加呈现下降趋势(P>0.05);青海湖裸鲤后肠淀粉酶活性明显高于前肠淀粉酶活性(P<0.01);青海湖裸鲤胰脏及肠道的淀粉酶活性均高于鲤鱼的淀粉酶活性(P>0.05)。     

Identification of sorghum genotypes suitable for specific end uses: Semolina recovery and popping

There has always been an interest in devising breeding programs for designer foods that would benefit both the producer and consumer. The challenge today is transformation of agriculture from “subsistence farming” to “market and income generation oriented” production system for which sorghum with its diverse end uses can assume significant role. Breeding for end-use identity-specific genotypes is needed for increased profitability to the farmers. In the present study, 60 sorghum genotypes were evaluated over two years to identify genotypes suitable for semolina recovery and popping properties, i.e. popping efficiency and pop volume expansion. Semolina recovery ranged from 20.7% to 48.3%, while popping efficiency ranged from 0 to 77.5%. Semolina recovery had positive and significant association with endosperm texture (r = 0.62), grain density (r = 0.49) and grain hardness (r = 0.55) indicating that genotypes with corneous endosperm yield high semolina. Also, semolina recovery had significant positive correlation with popping efficiency (r = 0.49) indicating that genotypes suitable for semolina can also be used for popping. Genetic divergence studies indicated that out of three clusters formed, cluster II having guinea race germplasm lines are suitable for semolina and popping. The information generated and the genotypes identified will help in enhancing the demand for sorghum as an industrial crop.     

不同性诱剂对甜菜夜蛾雄蛾诱捕效果的研究

通过大田试验,对3种甜菜夜蛾性诱剂的诱捕效率、持效期等性能进行了测定,并分析比较了它们在不同时间段的性能差异。结果表明,三者之间存在着明显差异,在1~31 d内,诱芯A与诱芯B的平均诱捕量相近,极显著高于诱芯C的平均诱捕量,三者的持效期差异亦然;而诱芯B与诱芯C的最高诱捕量相仿,均明显低于诱芯A。但在1~10 d内,诱芯A和诱芯C的平均诱捕量相近,均极显著高于诱芯B。     

钱塘江粗唇鱼危细胞色素b基因片段序列分析及系统发生研究

为研究钱塘江粗唇(鮠)与其他鲿科鱼类的亲缘关系,扩增并测定了粗唇(鮠)的细胞色素b基因片段序列.用Blastn分析所获序列与其他鲿科鱼类细胞色素b基因的同源性,用Mega4软件构建系统发生树.     

Gα12蛋白抑制口蹄疫病毒在PK-15细胞上复制

鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白Gα12参与多种细胞反应的调节,但是在口蹄疫病毒（foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV）方面的研究较少。本研究中,用FMDV感染PK-15细胞,发现Gα12的mRNA和蛋白水平都有所上调,预示Gα12可能与FMDV复制存在某种联系,需要进一步研究Gα12蛋白对FMDV在PK-15细胞上复制的影响。为此,在过表达Gα12和干扰Gα12表达的情况下,通过实时荧光定量、Western blot和TCID₅₀检测Gα12对FMDV复制的影响。结果表明,过表达Gα12后,FMDV的mRNA水平、蛋白水平和病毒滴度都有所降低,然而,下调Gα12后,FMDV的复制呈相反的趋势,说明Gα12可以抑制FMDV在PK-15细胞上的复制。本研究首次发现Gα12具有抑制口蹄疫病毒复制的作用,为抗FMDV的研究提供了新思路和理论基础,对FMDV相关研究具有重要意义。     

半滑舌鳎溃疡病原杀鲑气单胞菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)是广受我国消费者认可的名优鱼类,具有很高的营养价值和经济价值,然而,随着工厂化养殖模式的不断发展,疾病成为制约半滑舌鳎养殖业健康发展的关键因素,其中,体表溃疡病为其常见病症。从严重溃疡病半滑舌鳎体内分离到1株优势菌株HX0416,该菌可在TCBS培养基上生长,并可在绵羊血平板上形成清晰的β-溶血环;经过16S rRNA和rpo D基因序列同源性分析并结合生化特性鉴定为杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida)。健康半滑舌鳎幼鱼感染试验表明,该菌对半滑舌鳎具有较强致病性,感染72 h(1.04×106cfu·m L-1)对攻毒鱼的致死率达91.7%。药敏试验结果显示,该菌对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星等喹诺酮类和头孢曲松、头孢吡肟等头孢菌素类药物比较敏感,而对硫酸新霉素、土霉素等氨基糖苷类和四环素类药物多重耐药,尤其是对磺胺甲噁唑、氨苄西林等磺胺类和β-内酰胺类药物严重耐药。     

野生大豆荚粒相关性状QTL定位

利用复合区间作图法和混合线性模型复合区间作图法,对野生大豆江浦野生豆-5和栽培大豆南农06-17所得的F2∶3家系(2008、2009年)及F2∶4家系(2009年)的单株有效荚数、单株粒重、百粒重3个荚粒相关性状进行QTL分析.结果表明:复合区间作图法检测到27个QTL,混合线性模型复合区间作图法检测到18个加性显性QTL和13对上位性QTL,2种方法共同检测到17个QTL,其中12个QTL(qEPP-H-1、qEPP-Lb-1、qSWP-La-1、qSWP-Lb-1、qSW-B1-1、qSW-B2-1、qSW-D1b-1、qSW-H-1、qSW-H-2、qSW-1-2、qSW-Lb-1和qSW-Ma-1)在2 a或2个世代稳定表达,qEPP-H-1、qEPP-Lb-1和qSWP-Lb-1的增效等位基因来源于野生大豆.研究结果为野生大豆优异等位基因的发掘、栽培大豆遗传基础的拓宽以及大豆产量分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据.     

长吻遗传多样性的RAPD分析

以洞庭湖和原种场长吻（Leiocassis longirostris）为研究对象,采用20个随机引物对10个野生个体进行了随机扩增多态性DNA（random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD）群体遗传多样性分析。共检测到103条带,每个引物产生的条带数在2～9之间,片段大小在0.2～3.0kb之间,多态座位比例为41.75%,2群体内个体间遗传相似系数和遗传距离分别是,洞庭湖个体间遗传相似性系数（S）0.8795～0.9833,遗传距离（D）0.0167～0.1205;原种场个体间S为0.8794～0.9892,D为0.0319～0.1108;比较2群体S为0.7983～0.9994,D为0.0167～0.3017;Nei遗传多样性指数（He）0.3269。结果表明,长吻群体内遗传多样性较为丰富。     

Effect of water temperature on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris Günther)

The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of water temperature on the growth performance and digestive enzyme (pepsin, trypsin and lipase) activities of Chinese longsnout catfish. Triplicate groups of Chinese longsnout catfish (35.6±0.48 g, mean±SE) were reared at different water temperatures (20, 24, 28 and 32 °C). The feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were significantly affected by water temperatures and regression relationships between water temperature and FI, SGR as well as FER were expressed as FR=−0.016 T ²+0.91 T −10.88 ( n =12, R ²=0.8752), SGR=−0.026 T ²+1.39 T −17.29 ( n =12, R ²=0.7599) and FER=−0.013 T ²+0.70 T −8.43 ( n =12, R ²=0.7272). Based on these, the optimum temperatures for FR, SGR and FER were 27.66, 26.69 and 26.44 °C respectively. The specific activities of digestive enzymes at 24 or 28 °C were significantly higher than that at 20 or 32 °C. In addition, there was a significant linear regression between FR or SGR and specific activities of pepsin and lipase, which indicated that pepsin and lipase played important roles in regulating growth through nutrient digestion in Chinese longsnout catfish.     

不同密度对半滑舌鳎生长和血液生化指标的影响

试验分为低(2.32kg·m-2)、中(4.83kg·m-2)和高(8.20kg·m-2)3个密度,每个梯度3个重复.结果表明,经过56d的饲养,高密度组的末体重、平均增重率、特定生长率、摄食率显著低于低、中密度组(P＜0.05),高密度组饲料系数显著高于低密度组(P＜0.05),高密度组显著低于中、低密度组(P＜0.05);在抗氧化指标方面,高密度组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的比活力显著低于中、低密度组(P＜0.05),SOD活力在其他组织中差异不显著(P＞0.05),过氧化氢酶(CAT)、还原型谷胱甘肤(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)在各组织中的差异均不显著(P＞0.05);溶茵酶活力随着密度的升高而降低,低密度组显著高于中、高密度组(P＜0.05),补体C3、C4含量随密度的升高而降低,各密度组之间差异显著(P＜0.05).白球比值(A/G)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固系(CHO)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)、葡萄糖(Glu)在各密度之间差异不显著(P＞0.05),丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)低密度组显著低于高密度组(P＜0.05),天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)低、中密度组显著低于高密度组(P＜0.05).当养殖密度达到8.20kg·m-2时,机体健康会产生负面影响.