海水网箱养殖的关键生物过程研究:花鲈生理代谢

2004年4～12月对爱伦湾抗风浪网箱养殖区养殖花鲈(Lateolabrax japonieus)的现存量、生长进行了实地调查和模型分析.结果表明,7～9月是研究爱伦湾鱼类养殖水域养殖容量的关键季节.夏季鱼类的摄食最活跃,鲈鱼的摄食率为1.4%～4.4%,8月最大.残饵率在11.0%～28.0%之间,7～9月最高.1个养殖周期内,约有38.6 t DO被养殖鲈鱼消耗,7～9月进入耗氧高峰期.养殖鱼类在网箱养殖区域的营养盐循环中起着重要的作用.花鲈4～12月向爱伦湾输出0.8 t氨氮,1.0～1.6 t N.在面积(2.0×105)m2的抗风浪网箱养殖区,养殖鱼类因排泄而再循环的N能满足浮游植物生产所需N的17.2%～27.5%.养殖花鲈因排粪向水体输出12.0 t颗粒物.     

Effects of dietary calcium levels on growth and tissue mineralization in Japanese seabass,Lateolabrax japonicus

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of calcium (Ca) on growth and tissue mineralization in Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain different levels of Ca (2.9, 4.2, 6.5, 7.9, 10.2 and 31.0 g kg^?1) from dietary ingredients and Ca‐lactate·5H₂O. The diets were fed to three triplicate groups of Japanese seabass (initial weight, 12.5 ± 0.0 g) for 56 days. Dietary Ca had no significant effect on survival or feed efficiency; however, the highest Ca (31.0 g kg^?1) diet significantly reduced weight gain, feeding rate and whole‐body and muscle protein and lipid contents, as well as serum Ca concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity. A significant reduction in vertebral Ca, P, Zn, Fe and Mn contents and scale Ca, P, Mg and Mn contents was observed in Japanese seabass as dietary Ca level increased. Deformed fish were primarily found in the 2.9 and 31.0 g Ca kg^?1 groups, indicating that these fish had poor bone mineralization.     

饲料中添加抗菌肽和枯草芽孢杆菌对花鲈生长和非特异性免疫功能的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加300 mg/kg的抗菌肽和200 mg/kg的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),连续投喂花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)60 d,测定其特定生长率、存活率,并分别于试验的20 d、40 d和60 d测定肝胰脏、头肾、鳃的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及血清溶菌酶(LSZ)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力水平。结果显示:试验组花鲈的特定生长率和存活率与对照组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。抗菌肽组所测组织CAT、SOD以及血清LSZ、NOS活性水平在20 d时均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),40 d时以上指标(头肾SOD除外)与对照组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。枯草芽孢杆菌组所测组织CAT、SOD以及血清LSZ活性水平在20 d时均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),60 d时以上指标(头肾SOD除外)与对照组间差异不显著(P>0.05),而整个过程血清NOS活性水平与对照组不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。结果表明:两种添加剂可增强机体消除活性氧自由基的能力,提高机体血清溶菌酶活性水平。此外,抗菌肽对花鲈血清一氧化氮合酶系统具有诱导调节作用。     

刺参多刺品系子三代池塘养殖中试与效果评价

以定向选育的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)多刺品系子三代(G3组)和未经选育的普通刺参(C组)[(50.04±0.02)g/头]为研究对象,在养殖池塘环境中,比较了两个群体在3~10月连续养殖周期内生长指标和关键经济性状的差异。结果表明:在生长指标方面,3-4月G3组和对照组刺参的相对增重率(RWGR)、平均体重、排粪率(DR)均随温度的升高呈升高的趋势,且两组刺参差异不显著(P>0.05),但G3组一直高于对照组;G3组和对照组刺参相对增重率(RWGR)随温度升高呈先下降后上升的趋势;在7月高温期,两组刺参的相对增重率和平均体重都出现了明显下降,排粪率(DR)降为零,刺参进入夏眠状态;8-10月两组刺参相对增重率(RWGR)、平均体重和排粪率随温度下降呈上升趋势,且10月份三项指标均存显著差异(P<0.05)。在经济性状方面,经过3-10月一个周期的连续养殖,G3组在棘刺数量、出皮率和成活率方面均高于对照组,且存在显著差异(P<0.05)。实验数据表明,经过定向选育的刺参多刺品系子三代比未经选育的普通刺参,生长速度提高27.6%,成活率提高17.5%,棘刺数量保持在40个以上且稳定遗传。     

牛磺酸对花鲈生长性能、消化酶活性、抗氧化能力及免疫指标的影响

采用牛磺酸添加量分别为0(N0)、0.4%(N1)、0.8%(N2)、1.2%(N3)和1.6%(N4)的5组试验饲料,投喂均质量(7.2±0.07)g的花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)56 d,研究其对花鲈生长、消化酶活性、抗氧化能力及免疫指标的影响。结果显示,牛磺酸可提高花鲈的特定生长率、增重率和摄食率,其中N2、N3和N4组均显著大于对照组(P<0.05);牛磺酸可显著提高全鱼的粗蛋白含量并降低粗脂肪含量(P<0.05);牛磺酸可显著提高花鲈肠道蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性(P<0.05);牛磺酸添加组的红细胞和白细胞数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),N2、N3和N4组的血红蛋白浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);牛磺酸添加组的溶菌酶活性、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和补体4(C4)浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);牛磺酸可显著提高花鲈肝脏总抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05),显著降低丙二醛浓度(P<0.05)。线性回归分析结果表明,以增重率为目标,花鲈对牛磺酸的最适需求量为0.85%。     

高体革鯻、鲈和鳜的营养成分分析比较

对高体革、鲈和鳜肌肉及内脏中的一般营养成分(水分、灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪)及脂肪酸和氨基酸组成进行了分析比较。结果表明:高体革内脏占鱼体重的32.90%,而其中脂肪含量高达87.06%;高体革肌肉及内脏中的水分、灰分和蛋白质含量都比鲈、鳜低,而脂肪含量明显高于鲈和鳜;对3种鱼的脂肪酸组成进行分析,共确定19种脂肪酸,其中20∶5ω3(EPA)和22∶6ω3(DHA)总量占鱼内脏比例最高的是高体革,达4.115%;高体革、鲈和鳜肌肉中的必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量最高的为高体革,达42.18%,氨基酸分(AAS)分别为116、75和73。     

鳗弧菌口服微胶囊疫苗的制备及其对鲈鱼的免疫效果

以分离自患病鲈鱼(Lateolabrax     

花鲈的胚胎发育和仔鱼发育

本文描述了温度为１２．２－１４．０℃、盐度为２２‰的天然海水中用捕自浙江省宁海县和奉化市沿海的花鲈进行人工繁殖时，花鲈的胚胎发育和仔鱼发育情况。     

Effects of dietary squid viscera meal on growth and cadmium accumulation in tissues of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier 1828)

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic environmental pollutant with a long biological half‐life and can produce both hepatic and renal injuries in mammals and fish. Squid viscera meal (SVM), an effective attractant for aquatic animals, is widely used as an ingredient in aquafeeds. However, SVM is rich in Cd and its complexes. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary SVM on the growth and Cd deposition in tissues of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Three practical diets were formulated to contain 0, 50 and 100 g SVM kg^?1 diet, respectively, containing 0.21, 7.26 and 12.08 mg Cd kg^?1 diet. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 80 Japanese seabass (mean initial weight, 10.89±0.21 g) in floating sea cages (1.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 m). Fish were fed twice daily (06:30 and 16:30 hours) to satiation for 8 weeks. The results showed that there were no significant differences in fish survival among three dietary treatments, but significant higher specific growth rates (SGR) were observed in the fish fed diets with 50 or 100 g SVM kg^?1 diet than that from the control group (P<0.05). The Cd concentrations in the kidney, liver and gill were found in a decreasing order at each treatment, and positively correlated with dietary Cd levels. Fish fed diets with 50 and 100 g SVM kg^?1 diet had significantly higher Cd accumulations in the kidney (3.25, 5.85 mg kg^?1), liver (0.76, 1.26 mg kg^?1) and gill (0.42, 0.58 mg kg^?1) compared with the control group (0.82, 0.34 and 0.32 mg kg^?1 respectively) (P<0.05). The Cd concentration in fish muscle; however, was undetectable in any treatment. Therefore, based on these results, accumulation of Cd in edible tissue (muscle) of farmed Japanese seabass is not a food safety issue. However, long‐term feeding of diets with SVM may result in accumulation of Cd in the kidneys, liver and gills of fish.