碳水化合物种类和水平对大黄鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量的影响

本试验旨在研究碳水化合物种类和水平对大黄鱼生长性能、全鱼和肌肉常规成分、血清生化指标、肝脏糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量的影响。采用2×3双因素试验设计,选取葡萄糖和小麦淀粉2种碳水化合物,分别设0、15%、30%3个碳水化合物水平,共配制5种等氮等脂试验饲料。每种饲料饲喂3个重复,每个重复放养初始体重为(8.53±0.07)g的大黄鱼50尾,养殖试验持续8周。结果表明:饲料碳水化合物种类和水平及其交互作用对大黄鱼的终末体重、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)有显著影响(P0.05)。饲料葡萄糖水平由0增加到30%时,大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR显著降低(P0.05);饲料小麦淀粉水平由0增加到15%时,大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR显著升高(P0.05),饲料小麦淀粉水平由15%增加到30%时,大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR显著降低(P0.05)。FCR随饲料葡萄糖水平的升高显著升高(P0.05);FCR在饲料小麦淀粉水平由0增加到15%时显著降低(P0.05),由15%增加到30%时显著升高(P0.05)。15%或30%水平下,小麦淀粉组大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR均显著高于葡萄糖组(P0.05),饲料系数显著低于葡萄糖组(P0.05)。饲料碳水化合物种类和水平的交互作用对大黄鱼血清总蛋白(TP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖含量有显著影响(P0.05)。血清葡萄糖含量随饲料葡萄糖的水平升高先降低后升高,各组间差异显著(P0.05);血清葡萄糖含量随饲料小麦淀粉水平的升高逐渐降低,且30%小麦淀粉组显著低于0小麦淀粉组(P0.05)。饲料碳水化合物种类和水平的交互作用对大黄鱼肝脏葡萄糖激酶(GK)、6-磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)活性及肝糖原含量有显著影响(P0.05)。肝糖原含量随饲料葡萄糖的水平升高持续升高,而随饲料小麦淀粉水平的升高先升高后降低,且15%和30%水平下葡萄糖组均显著高于小麦淀粉组(P0.05)。由此得出,与葡萄糖相比,摄食含小麦淀粉饲料的大黄鱼能够通过调节糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量来维持血糖浓度的相对恒定,且饲料中添加15%小麦淀粉时能促进大黄鱼生长。     

反应温度对斜带髭鲷消化酶活力的影响

［目的］研究不同反应温度对斜带髭鲷主要消化酶活性的影响。［方法］采用酶学分析方法研究了反应温度对斜带髭鲷消化系统6个部位蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力的影响。［结果］胃、幽门垂、前肠、中肠、后肠、肝胰脏内,蛋白酶最适反应温度分别为40～45、40、35～40、40、40、40 ℃;淀粉酶的最适反应温度分别为40、30、30、30、40、30 ℃;脂肪酶最适反应温度分别为40、40、35～40、40、40、25 ℃。在最适反应温度下,斜带髭鲷不同消化器官内各消化酶的活力顺序为蛋白酶的活力是胃＞肝胰脏＞后肠＞前肠＞中肠＞幽门垂;淀粉酶的活力是前肠＞中肠＞后肠＞幽门垂＞肝胰脏＞胃;脂肪酶的活力是后肠＞中肠＞前肠＞幽门垂＞肝胰脏＞胃。［结论］在设定的反应温度范围内,斜带髭鲷各消化酶的活力均随反应温度的升高呈现先上升后降低的变化趋势,并存在器官特异性。     

环境因子对大黄鱼耳石钡元素富积的影响

通过设计3个温度(18℃、22℃、26℃)×3个盐度(17、25、34)×3个锶(Sr)元素组(低、中、高)来研究环境因子对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)耳石中钡(Ba)元素沉积的影响。研究结果表明:温度、盐度和锶元素含量对耳石钡分配系数具有显著的影响,盐度的影响最大,锶元素的影响其次,温度的影响最小,温度和盐度对耳石钡分配系数具有显著的交互作用。在所有试验组中,耳石钡分配系数均随着盐度的增加而增加,随着水中Ba/Ca值的增加而减少,而耳石Ba/Ca值随着水中Ba/Ca值的增加而增加。盐度是影响大黄鱼耳石Ba/Ca值的主要因素,温度和锶元素的影响都很小,盐度对耳石Ba/Ca值的影响主要是因为水中Ba/Ca值随盐度的降低而增加。所有试验组中耳石Ba/Ca值均随着盐度的增加而降低,根据盐度与耳石Ba/Ca值的定量关系就可以反演大黄鱼所经历的盐度史。     

Responses of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson) to low‐protein diets and subsequent recovery

A 4‐week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effect of low‐protein diets on the growth and amino acid (AA) composition of yellow catfish, and subsequent recovery when the fish were then switched back to the control diet for a further 4 weeks. Three isolipidic and isocaloric diets containing 390 g kg^?1 (Control), 320 g kg^?1 (D320) and 260 g kg^?1 (D260) graded protein levels were evaluated. During the protein restriction period, specific growth rate (SGR) of D320‐and D260‐treated fish was significantly reduced by 20.79% and 29.21% compared to the control fish, respectively (P < 0.05), while significant improvements in protein retention efficiencies were observed in fish fed with the D320 (12.82%) and D260 (19.58%) diets (P < 0.05). The D260‐treated fish had significantly lower (0.87%) whole‐body essential amino acid (EAA) and significantly higher (0.74%) non‐essential amino aci (NEAA) concentrations compared to the control fish. After a 4‐week realimentation, significant increases in the SGR of the protein‐restricted fish were observed. However, no significant differences in the whole‐body EAA or NEAA concentrations among groups were observed (P > 0.05). The results indicate that previously protein‐restricted yellow catfish can compensate completely in terms of final body weight, growth rate and whole‐body AA concentrations.     

大黄鱼腐败菌腐败能力分析与特定腐败菌鉴别

探讨了分别接种腐败希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌的无菌大黄鱼鱼块在5℃贮藏中的生长速率和腐败代谢产物的生成速率,以产生异臭味时的腐败菌数和腐败代谢产物的产量因子作为腐败菌腐败能力的定量指标。接种鱼块腐败时(产生明显异臭味)腐败希瓦氏菌与假单胞菌的菌数即最小腐败菌数(N_s)的对数值分别为9.14lg cfu/g和9.25lgcfu/g。由Gompertz方程得到腐败希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌的生长动力学参数:最大比生长速率(μ_max)分别为0.0714和0.0700,最大菌数(N_max)的对数值分别为9.45lg cfu/g和9.37lg cfu/g。结果表明,两种腐败菌在无菌大黄鱼鱼块中的μ_max基本一致,且N_max都超过N_s,这两种腐败菌都能引起大黄鱼的腐败。接种鱼块中腐败希瓦氏菌的腐败代谢产物(TVBN和TMA)的产量因子Y_TVBN/cfu和Y_TMA/cfu分别为1.38×10^-10mg-N TVBN/cfu和1.31×10^-10mg-N TMA/cfu,假单胞菌的腐败代谢产物(TVBN)的产量因子Y_TVBN/cfu为1.18×10^-10mg-N TVBN/cfu,比较产量因子可得,两菌的腐败能力相当。因为大黄鱼低温贮藏中的优势腐败菌是腐败希瓦氏菌,其次是假单胞菌,根据特定腐败菌的概念,大黄鱼低温贮藏过程中的特定腐败菌是腐败希瓦氏菌,其次是假单胞菌。     

温度对大黄鱼受精卵卵裂间隔时间的影响

为了解大黄鱼受精卵在不同温度下的早期胚胎发育速度,为改进大黄鱼染色体组操作技术提供基础数据,观察了4个温度条件下大黄鱼受精卵的卵裂时间,并据此估算了卵裂间隔时间（τ0）.结果表明,温度越高,大黄鱼受精卵第1次卵裂越快,每升高1℃,第1次卵裂时间约提前3.1min,并给出大黄鱼第1次卵裂时间τI与温度的一阶指数衰减回归方程;温度越高,卵裂间隔时间越短,同时给出卵裂间隔时间τ0与温度的一阶指数衰减回归方程;τI与τo的比值在2.24～2.91之间,并随着温度的提高 温度对大黄鱼受精卵卵裂间隔时间的影响     

甲鱼及大黄鱼苗期添加“868”的效果及经济效益

甲鱼极大黄鱼苗期添加”８６８”（微生物发酵产物）可促进鱼体生长,增强机体免疫力,从而达到提高产量及成活率的效果。试验结果表明：甲鱼苗期在饲料中添加０．３％－０．６％的“８６８”粉剂喂养８０ｄ－１３２ｄ,成活率提高１３．９６％－３１．７５％,增重率提高１７．８％－３２．６％,投入添加剂与增产值比较１：６．６－１３．７３;大黄鱼苗期在饲料中添加０．５％的“８６８”粉剂喂养１０７ｄ,体长增长１５．３８％     

不同饵料及养殖环境对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)形态差异的影响

本研究通过采集不同环境和不同饲料养殖的岱衢洋大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)形态数据,利用聚类分析、主成分分析以及判别分析对3组大黄鱼形态差异进行分析。结果显示,不同环境对大黄鱼体高、尾长存在显著影响,而不同饲料对大黄鱼体高、尾高、尾长、体厚存在显著影响,同时对D3–4、D3–6、D4–6、D5–6框架形态存在显著影响,差异主要集中于躯干前部。表明不同环境下大黄鱼形态变化可能与流速适应相关,而饵料对体型的影响可能是因为营养组成及物质积累的不同。聚类分析显示,配合饲料组与深水网箱组形态更接近,而与冰鲜饲料相距较远。通过主成分分析提取3个主成分,其中配合饲料组与深水网箱组在主成分1上相近,但在主成分3上存在差异,而冰鲜饲料组在各主成分上均离散,表明小网箱冰鲜饲料养殖大黄鱼形态分离较大,体型一致性低。利用判别分析,构建3种条件下大黄鱼体型判别函数,经交互验证,判别函数与预期无显著差异,可用于不同养殖模式大黄鱼的形态判别。本研究初步表明,通过改变养殖环境水流、养殖空间大小、饲料可在一定程度实现养殖大黄鱼形态改良。     

Optimal dietary lipid level for large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae

A 30‐day feeding experiment was conducted in blue tanks (70 × 50 × 60 cm, water volume 180 L) to determine the effects of dietary lipid levels on the survival, growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae (12 days after hatchery, with initial average weight 1.93 ± 0.11 mg). Five practical microdiets, containing 83 g kg^?1 (Diet 1), 126 g kg^?1 (Diet 2), 164 g kg^?1 (Diet 3), 204 g kg^?1 (Diet 4) and 248 g kg^?1 lipid (Diet 5), were formulated. Live feeds (Artemia sinicia nauplii and live copepods) were used as the control diet (Diet 6). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of tanks, and each tank was stocked with 3500 larvae. During the experiment, water temperature was maintained at 23(±1) °C, pH 8.0 (±0.2) and salinity 25 (±2) g L^?1. The results showed that dietary lipid significantly influenced the survival and growth of large yellow croaker larvae. Survival increased with the increase of dietary lipid from 83 to 164 g kg^?1, and then decreased. The survival of larvae fed the diet with 83 g kg^?1 lipid (16.1%) was significantly lower than that of larvae fed other diets. However, the survival in larvae fed the diet with 16.4 g kg^?1 lipid was the highest compared with other artificial microdiets. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid level from 83 to 164 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05), and then decreased. The SGR in larvae fed the diet with 164 g kg^?1 lipid (10.0% per day) was comparable with 204 g kg^?1 lipid (9.6% per day), but were significantly higher than other microdiets (P < 0.05). On the basis of survival and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid level was estimated to be 172 and 177 g kg^?1 of diet using second‐order polynomial regression analysis respectively.     

大黄鱼二倍体和三倍体血液生理指标的比较研究

本文对人工诱导的大黄鱼三倍体与正常数大黄鱼二倍体的血液血细胞常值测定,并对血液生理指标进行比较研究。结果表明:体长25.2～29.2cm,体重180.0～331.0g的二倍体大黄鱼,红细胞平均值为2.33±0.12(×1012个/L);白细胞平均值为23.65±2.45(×109个/L);血栓细胞平均值为42.50±7.14(×109个/L)。体长25.2～27.5cm,体重224.0～281.0g的三倍体大黄鱼,红细胞平均值为1.22±0.18(×1012个/L);白细胞平均值为31.19±3.52(×109个/L);血栓细胞平均值为29.25±5.91(×109个/L)。分析比较大黄鱼二倍体、三倍体各项血液生理指标,除血红蛋白无显著性差异外,其余各项血液生理指标有显著性差异。