黄栗树水库污染治理的研究

黄栗树水库位于全椒县,属大二型水库,具有生活供水、农业灌溉、防洪调蓄等多种功能。对黄栗树水库主要污染源进行了调查,并提出了隔离防护、污染源综合整治和湿地保护3种综合治理措施。     

岩滩水电开发对库区水环境的影响

【目的】研究岩滩水电开发对库区水环境的影响,为今后河流梯级开发库区水环境的保护以及水利生态调控提供理论依据。【方法】分别在枯水期和丰水期对红水河岩滩水电站库区水生态进行调查,结合库区建坝后藻类生态学研究数据,分析库区水质理化因子和藻类生物量变化特征。【结果】岩滩库区建坝后,而藻类生物量在枯水期和丰水期中有明显差异,丰水期高于枯水期;和建坝初期比较,藻类组成中喜静水的绿藻种类增加,硅藻种类下降,但藻类总密度增加明显;藻类密度和主要营养盐无明显的相关性,主要生源要素氮、磷浓度较建库前有较明显变化,特别库区可溶性硝酸盐增加显著,但磷酸盐浓度则下降。【结论】岩滩水电站库区水体营养状况呈现富营养化趋势,若有外源性磷进入库区,则极易引发严重的藻类“水华”。     

桂林市青狮潭水库水质现状调查与评价

通过对桂林市青狮潭水库的pH、电导率、总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数、溶解氧、五日生化需氧量、汞等8个水质参数进行监测,系统分析了青狮潭水库东湖、西湖的水质现状以及不同水质参数在空间上的变化特征,讨论了不同水质参数之间的相关性,并对青狮潭水库5个水质参数进行了评价.结果表明,人类活动影响下的水体富营养化、生活污染、养殖业污染以及农业污染是造成水库水质污染的主要原因.另外,在评价的基础上就水库的保护和治理提出了建议.     

考虑水文变异的水库生态流量研究

为探讨水文变异对生态流量影响,确定最佳水库生态流量推求方法,针对尼尔基水库生态问题,采用Mann-kendall突变检测法、滑动T检验法和有序聚类法,结合序号总和理论和Spearman相关系数计算对水文时间序列作综合识别,确定水库发生水文变异年份为1963年和1999年。利用NGPRP法和逐月频率年内展布计算法分别计算天然状态、次天然状态、现状和不考虑水文变异条件下最小生态流量和适宜生态流量。参考Tennant法评价结果表明水库生态系统退化主要受人类扰动影响,观察次天然状态和不考虑变异状态下生态径流过程,最小生态流量占多年平均流量百分数相差9.21%和1.70%,适宜生态流量相差3.04%和1.47%。研究应更多考虑次天然生态径流过程,其最小生态流量仅可作为生态流量下限。     

绵枣儿用于三峡库区植被重建及组织培养快繁研究

绵枣儿的淹水试验及组织培养结果表明:绵枣儿的成活率高、长势较好,适于库区植被重建;假鳞茎诱导愈伤组织较快,最佳培养基为6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L;不定芽分化最适培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L。     

三峡库区中心镇“一村一品”技术集成研究

根据重庆市万州区龙沙镇的地域特点,以科技为支撑,大力推行＂一村一品＂战略,构建具有库区特色的中心镇,为三峡库区现代农业发展和新农村建设探索有效途径。     

渭北旱塬深层土壤水分特征对水分生产效率的影响

采用田间试验和观测方法研究了渭北旱塬东部旱作区的农田土壤水分特征和水分生产效率,结果表明,该区在麦田夏闲蓄水期(7—9月)降水量在212.7mm以下时,1～1.2m深处存在一相对干土层,使小麦生育后期对深层土壤水分利用产生一定影响,并使旱地农田水分生效率降低。研究还看出,旱地农田水分生产效率具有明显地随播前土壤储水量增加而提高的趋势,说明渭北旱塬使东部的土壤水库在旱农条件下作物供水调节中的不可代替作用。     

Water/oil radial flow behavior near well bore zones in oil reservoir

The flow behavior of water and oil near well bore zones in oil reservoir is radial flow. Based on the fluid displacement experiments in radial systems, the equation describing radial flow is investigated and analytical solution about the relationship between relative permeability ratio and saturation is obtained. The analytical solution is used to treat the experiment results and the two phase flow behavior of water and oil is characterized. The results show that the analytical solution can characterize the actual flow of water and oil near well bore zone. According to the radial experiments, the saturation scope in which the relative permeability ratio and saturation is linear is smaller. The flow behavior of water and oil near well bore zones is complex and nonlinear.     

Quantification of reservoir bags as airway pressure-limiting devices in a nonrebreathing system

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of reservoir bag types, volumes and previous use on the peak pressures (Pmax) and the times to develop 30 cmH₂O pressure (P30) within a nonrebreathing system with a closed adjustable pressure-limiting (APL) valve.Study designIn vitro study using three-way factorial design with repeated measure on one factor.SubjectsA total of 75 new anesthesia reservoir bags (five types, three volumes, five bags from each type × volume). The bag types were reusable latex (RL), disposable latex (DL) and three disposable neoprene (DN-1, DN-2 and DN-3).MethodsEach bag was tested three times (treatments): new, after prestretching and 1 week later. The bags were attached to a Bain system and anesthesia machine with closed APL valve and patient port with O₂ flow 2 L minute^–1 until Pmax was reached. The Pmax and time to reach P30 values were determined from recorded pressure traces. General linear mixed model analysis was used to examine the effects of bag type, volume and treatment. One-sided 95% upper prediction limits of Pmax were calculated to test the null hypothesis that predicted Pmax of new bags would be ≥ 50 cmH₂O for each factor combination.ResultsRL bags were the least and DN-3 bags were the most compliant. Prestretching increased compliance in all bag types. Smaller bags of RL, DL and DN-1 were less compliant than larger ones. The predicted Pmax values were < 50 cmH₂O only for DN-3 bags after prestretching. The time to reach P30 was critically low when using 0.5 L bags (median 17 seconds).Conclusions and clinical relevanceTo minimize the risk of barotrauma, highly compliant reservoir bags (e.g. DN-3) are recommended and reusable bags should be avoided. Bags should be prestretched before first use, 0.5 L bags should be avoided and fresh gas flow minimized.