The use of passive acoustics to measure feed consumption by Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn) in cultured systems

The feeding inefficiencies associated with intensively cultured prawn systems have a significant financial cost and environmental impact. Initial trials of a commercial system using sound to manage feeding within cultured systems have achieved promising results with an impressive food conversion (food weight/biomass) ratio of 1.42. Whilst these results demonstrate the potential benefit of employing passive acoustics for feed management, the underlying technologies are not well understood by industry or the research community. Consequently, a sound based study of feeding tiger prawns is conducted to investigate the key challenges associated with passive acoustic approaches; sound detection and feed demand estimation. The study finds that tiger prawns produce impulsive sound signatures during feeding that can be used as a proxy of feeding activity. Spectral features of the feeding signatures can be used to detect feeding activity within acoustically complex farm ponds (feeding signal to noise ratios less than −40 dB), given they are largely disjoint from the background noise spectrum (aerators) across all farm recordings. One of the potential challenges identified with sound based feed detection is that other sources of event driven interference arise (i.e. rain and faulty aerators), which can be misclassified as feeding. Whilst our investigation indicates that sound based detection of feed events are plausible, it is unclear how accurate it is to estimate the quantity of consumed pellets from feeding sound. Our study provides evidence to support its feasibility, given the temporal evolution of feeding sounds and pellet consumption were linearly related across tank and pond based feeds, respectively (R² = 0.95 and R² = 0.96).     

云杉木材声振动性能与生长轮宽度、晚材率之间关系的研究

本文选择了8种主要云杉属树种，进行了弯曲振动条件下各项声振动特性参数的检测和比较，并分析了这些参数和木材构造中生长轮宽度、晚材率之间的关系，为深入评价云杉属乐器材品质，确立乐器材选材中合理应用木材生长轮宽度、晚材率参数的方法打下了基础。     

Dynamic properties of three types of wood-based composites

This study used a vibration test method to show that grain angles of face veneer have substantial effects on sound velocities and dynamic Youngs moduli of three types of wood-based composites. The sound velocity at 0° grain angle of face veneer was the highest, and it decreased with increasing grain angle in the range of 0° to 90°. This tendency was similar to that for dynamic Youngs modulus. The relationship between the grain angle of face veneer and the sound velocity of three types of wood-based composites can be expressed in the form of Hankinsons equation or a second-order parabolic equation. This study also showed that the application of orthotropic elasticity theory was valid for the three types of wood-based composites. The relationship between the grain angle of the face veneer and the Youngs modulus of three types of wood-based composites can be expressed in the form of the Jenkin equation, Hankinsons equation, or a second-order parabolic equation. Rule of mixture can also be used to predict the Youngs modulus of wood-based composite from the Youngs moduli of the two elements.Part of this study was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, Japan, March 2003 and the 15th Annual Meeting of Chugoku Shikoku Branch of the Japan Wood Research Society, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, September 2003     

基于神经网络的车辆排气噪声声音品质预测技术

通过评审团成对比较法测试得到18种车辆排气噪声的满意度评价,考察并选取响度、尖锐度、粗糙度、波动度和峭度作为描述车辆排气噪声声音品质的客观心理声学参数,使用BP神经网络理论建立车辆排气噪声声音品质神经网络预测模型,对排气噪声样本的满意度进行预测,并与使用多元线性回归模型所得的预测值进行了比较.结果表明,神经网络模型预测值更接近实测值,误差在10%范围以内,对于单一噪声样本满意度的预测精度高于多元线性回归模型,能够更好地反映客观参数和主观满意度间的非线性关系,可用于车辆排气噪声声音品质的预测研究.     

绿色环境对人体体能影响初探

绿与人体身心健康的研究,国际上始于７０年代（Ｗｉｔｅｒｅｔａｌ．,１９７８;日本宫崎县,１９７８）,我国始于１９８０年（花晓梅,１９８０）１）。本文是１９８０年绿与消除人体疲劳研究的续篇。绿与人体身心健康的研究,其目的是探讨人与绿相互关系。众所周知,...     

Age and growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ilisha elongata</Emphasis> (Teleostei: Pristigasteridae) in Ariake Sound,Japan: comparison among populations in western North Pacific Ocean

ABSTRACT:   Elongate ilisha Ilisha elongata is a commercially important fishery resource in both Japan and China. Age and growth of the species were investigated by scale analysis from June 1996 to July 1997 in Ariake Sound, Japan. Scale annuli were formed once a year mainly between June and July. The age was 1–6 years for both male and female individuals. There was no significant difference in the regression of fork length (FL) on scale radius ( R ) between sexes by a covariance analysis. The combined sex von Bertalanffy growth equations were expressed as L _t  = 495.4 × (1 − e^{−0.3176( t  + 0.4108)}), where L _t is FL in mm at age t . Comparison of the age and growth among different populations from coastal waters in the western North Pacific Ocean suggested that the FL of the Ariake population is the smallest at each age. The spatio–temporal variations in growth are possibly relevant to environmental conditions of the growth grounds of subadults; however, there was no gradient change in the growth of I. elongata with latitude. Water temperature may not be the main factor affecting the growth of this species . The growth of the tropical population from Sarawak differs greatly from those of temperate and subtemperate populations, which implies genetic variation or phenotypic plasticity in different climate zones.     

五种桉树木材的吸声性能

本文以广西东门林场的人工林尾叶桉(Eucalyptusurophylla),尾巨桉(EucalyptusurophyllaE.grandis),尾园桉(E.urophyllaE.tereticornis),尾赤桉(E.urophyllaE.camaldulensis)和大花序桉(E.cloeziana)木材为主要材料,用驻波管法测试了五种桉树木材的吸声系数,比较了这些桉树木材的吸声性能,结果显示五种桉树木材的吸声系数在频率1000赫兹之内变化不大,之后随频率的增加吸声系数也在增加。在频率200至2000赫兹范围内,五种桉树木材的吸声系数差异不显著,在低频区域,尾叶桉的吸声性能较好。在所测试的声波频率范围内,桉木弦锯板的吸声系数高于径锯板;0.5厘米厚的锯材的吸声性能好于1.0厘米厚的锯材;因此,桉木板材的种类和板材的厚度影响其吸声性能,但五种桉树木材的吸声性能差异不显著。图2表4参6。     

柴油机噪声源的声强识别方法

采用声强法对带消声器柴油机产生噪声的主要部位和零部件声辐射特性进行了识别。测试结果表明 :柴油机零部件中正时齿轮室盖、胶带轮、挺杆室侧盖板的声强级相当高 ,达到 118d B;发动机的一些覆盖件和薄壁钣金件如气门室罩盖、油底壳、消声器、正时齿轮室罩盖对噪声的贡献很大 ,这 4个零件的声功率占整机的 5 0 %以上 ,因此要降低发动机噪声首先要降低这些部件的噪声辐射。     

模型驾驶室振动辐射声的研究

运用统计能量分析（ＳＥＡ）方法，建立了结构振动能量传输的数学模型。以某拖拉机驾驶室模型为研究对象，将其分为８个子系统－－７个板件子系统和１个声学空间子系统，分析了驾驶室模型各板件之间振动能量的传输情况，计算了各振动板件的模型内部空间辐射的噪声，并用试验结果验证了计算模型与分析方法的正确性。     

声光色在城市景观中的应用研究

国内外声光色在城市景现中的应用概况进行了综述.