杨树亲-子代叶片的过氧化物酶同工酶分析

通过聚丙烯酰胺不连续垂直板凝胶电泳,对杨树6个全同胞家系的亲本及子代叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶,及其与生长量和杂种优势之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明:供试单株及不同家系在酶谱带数、迁移率、酶的活性强弱等方面存在一定的差异,即使同一家系内亲代与子代之间也存在差异,子代主要表现为双亲互补型酶带。POD同工酶分析可用于杨树亲缘关系的鉴定。子代与母本的相似系数比子代与父本的相似系数高,偏向母性遗传。同时,研究结果还显示过氧化物酶酶带数和酶强度与地径生长量之间均呈显著性正相关,相关系数分别为0.89和0.83;酶带数和酶强度与地径超亲优势之间也呈显著性正相关,相关系数分别为0.88和0.84;而酶带数和酶强度与苗高生长量及苗高超亲优势之间的相关性均不显著。酶带的谱型与生长量和杂种优势之间也没有表现出明显的相关性。因此,仅从过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱的带数、强弱和谱型来判断杨树的生长量和杂种优势是不完全合理的。     

万寿菊根提取物对山楂叶螨几种酶活性的影响

本文用常规生化方法研究了万寿菊的氯仿提取物在光照和非光照条件下对山楂叶螨体内几种代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明：在光照和非光照条件下蛋白酶活性都受到明显抑制；谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶在非光照条件下被激活，而在光照条件下被显著抑制；山楂叶螨的酯酶同工酶活性在非光照条件下变化不明显，而在光照条件下被明显抑制，研究表明，万寿菊的氯仿提取物有较好的光活化活性。     

8份不结球芸薹属蔬菜种质的POD、SOD和EST同工酶比较分析

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对8份不结球芸薹属蔬菜种质的过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酯酶(EST)3种同工酶进行了分析研究,并利用聚类分析的方法探讨其亲缘关系.结果表明,8份不结球芸薹属蔬菜种质的POD同工酶分离出3条酶带,其中p3为8份种质所共有酶带,p2为2份芥菜种质特有酶带;SOD同工酶共分离出4条酶带,其中s1、s2和s3为共有酶带,s4为2份芥菜种质特有酶带;EST同工酶共分离出5条酶带,其中e1、e2、e4和e5为共有酶带,2份芥菜种质缺失e3酶带.在遗传距离0.66处可将8份不结球芸薹属蔬菜种质分为芸薹种蔬菜和芥菜种蔬菜两大类.     

Molecular identification of sex in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippophae rhamnoides</Emphasis> L. using isozyme and RAPD markers

In many dioecious plants, gender affects economic value, breeding schemes and opportunities for commercial harvests. Hippophae rhamnoides L. is a dioecious plant species in which female genotypes are commercially preferred over male genotypes. Its berries have rich medicinal, nutritional and pharmaceutical properties because of their large amounts of vitamins, essential oils, proteins, fatty acids, free amino acids and flavanoids. Primary limitation for breeding H. rhamnoides L. is its dioecious nature, since gender cannot be identified by traditional methods. Therefore, some reliable and quick methods need to be developed. This communication deals with the development of isozyme and RAPD markers for early sex identification in this dioecious tree. The isozyme analysis was conducted with four enzyme systems, viz. peroxidase, esterase, malate dehydrogenase and catalase. The peroxidase enzyme system produced a female specific sex marker, which successfully differentiated between the staminate and pistillate genotypes of H. rhamnoides L. Thirty five random decamer primers were used in our study and one male sex linked marker was identified. OPD-20 (5′-ACTTCGCCAC-3′) displayed a band at 911 bp that expressed polymorphism between male and female genotypes. The staminate and pistillate genotypes could be distinguished using RAPD marker OPD-20911. These results revealed the immense potential of peroxidase isozyme patterns and RAPD as genetic markers for sex identification in H. rhamnoides L.     

Armillaria species in Japan identified by isozyme patterns with special reference to the biological species of the northern hemisphere

Isozyme patterns were examined to characterize biological species ofArmillaria in Japan. Of 25 different enzymes tested, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) showed the most stable and reliable activities. These isozyme patterns showed little variability between haploid and diploid hyphae even under different cultural conditions among isolates tested. From the results, six Japanese biological species were clearly characterized through combination of GDH and LDH isozymes. There were no differences on the whole in isozyme patterns among European biological species ofArmillaria.     

16个山杏无性系POD及PPO同工酶的比较研究

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对16个山杏无性系1年生枝皮的过氧化物酶POD及多酚氧化酶PPO同工酶进行了分析研究,并采用聚类分析法对其亲缘关系进行比较和分类。结果表明:POD同工酶共分离出13条酶带,其中P1、P2和P8为16个无性系所共有,且分离清晰,可作为山杏无性系的特征酶带;PPO同工酶分离出9条酶带,其中P1′、P2′和P6′分离清晰,为16个无性系所共有。     

银杏性别分化阶段的早期鉴定及其激素调控

通过对银杏植株不同生长发育阶段同工酶检测，确定银杏植株在９０ｄ苗龄期已经开始性别分化，在此基础上，对９０ｄ生之前的银杏植株进行激素处理，发现激素处理可以改变银杏的性比，其中，赤霉素具有诱雄作用，乙烯利具有诱雌作用。     

萝卜几个亲本及杂种一代的四种同工酶分析

以萝卜３个不育系Ａ１、Ａ５、Ａ６与２个自交系５４、５５号配组的６个Ｆ１代及亲本为材料，分别在营养生长期取根、叶，生殖生长期取茎生叶、花蕾，对酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、α－淀粉酶（α－Ａｍｙｌａｓｅ）、细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）进行比较研究。将各时期、各部位的同工酶酶带按Ｒｆ值大小排列，酯酶共有２１条带，分为快、中、慢３个区；随着植株生长，α－淀粉酶的３条酶带Ｒｆ值有增加趋势；ＣＯＤ共有１１条带，其中有Ｒｆ０．１３和０．１７两条保守酶带；ＰＯＤ共有８条带，有Ｒｆ０．１７一条保守酶带。Ｆ１代与双亲各种酶谱相比大多表现为双亲互补型，没有发现杂种酶带。     

云南割手密(S.spontaneum)的过氧化物酶同工酶研究

本文报道了１６ 个云南野生甘蔗割手密过氧化物酶同工酶的研究结果。供试材料总共出现２５条酶带，组成１６ 种不同的酶谱类型，说明云南割手密种内遗传多样性十分丰富。相似系数分析和聚类结果表明，１６ 份供试材料分属于两个大类群，说明该结果与材料的海拔分布具有相关性，并呈现从低海拔地区向高海拔地区发展的趋势。     

微量乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测NK细胞活性的几个主要影响因素

对乳酸脱氢酶释放法测定小鼠脾脏 NK细胞活性中的酶促反应时间、效靶细胞比例、检测波长、细胞毒试验孵育时间、维持液中小牛血清 ( FCS)浓度等 5个重要的影响因素进行了探索。结果显示 ,酶促反应时间以 1 0 min最佳 ;效靶细胞比例以 1 5∶ 1为适宜 ;最适检测波长为 570 nm,其结果线性关系好 ;细胞毒试验孵育时间以 2 h为宜 ;维持液中小牛血清以低浓度为宜 ,其结果更接近自然杀伤百分率计算公式 ,并选用 2 %为本试验小牛血清的体积分数