海藻多糖对肉鸡生长性能影响的研究

在肉鸡饲粮中添加1.5 %海藻多糖 ,对山东地方特色保种白羽鸡进行饲养试验 ,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS)PAGE技术分析血液中脂酶(EST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、蛋白质的多态。结果表明 ,处理组90Ku蛋白亚基组分表达程度显著增强。EST同工酶快区Es -1位点 ,由多等位基因控制 ,酶带着色程度显著减弱 ,其活性下降42.7 %。LDH同工酶出现3条酶谱带 ,酶带着色的程度明显增强 ,其活性增加3倍。此外 ,添加组的饲料利用率、增重及生长性能明显提高 ,提示海藻多糖直接或间接调控基因表达水平 ,与生长性状呈正相关。     

不同苜蓿品种主根受伤后同工酶变化

研究根系发育能力不同的苜蓉品种在主根受到伤害时同工酶的变化规律,结果表明,主根受伤前,根系发育能力强、中和弱的无棣、陇东和北疆苜蓿,处理与对照间脂酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶无明显差异,根组织脂酶同工酶的酶带数多于叶片。根组织和叶片超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的酶带数相同。主根受伤后,无棣和陇东苜蓿根组织脂酶同工酶的酶带数均比对照多１２上,但二者的变化方式不同。无棣苜蓿叶片脂商工酶的酶带数我于对照,无棣和陇东     

四种嵩草属植物叶片酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术，对四种嵩草属植物－小嵩草（ｋｏｂｒｅｓｉａｐｙｇｍ－ａｅａ）、矮嵩草（Ｋ．ｈｕｍｉｌｉｓ）线叶嵩草（Ｋ．ｃａｐｉｌｌｉｆｏｌｉａ）和嵩草（Ｋ．ｂｅｌｌａｄｉｉ）的叶片酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶进行分析。试验结果显示，四个种的酯酶同工酶泳动成两大区域，Ｒｆ值分别为０．３８～０．８６和０．０８，过氧化物酶同工酶泳动形成５个区域，Ｒｆ值分别为０．９７，０．６８～０．７７，０．５２～０．６３，０．２９～０．３７和０．０８。酶谱比较结果表明，嵩草和线叶嵩草亲缘关系较近，而二者同小嵩草、矮嵩草间，以及小嵩草同矮嵩草之间亲缘关系较远。     

栗蚕幼虫酯酶同工酶酶谱多态性及应用于品种间亲缘关系的分析

栗蚕是珍稀的野蚕资源。采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,测定栗蚕幼虫不同发育时期、不同组织器官的酯酶同工酶酶谱,并依据酯酶同工酶酶谱的多态性分析纯黑、纯绿2个品种的亲缘关系。检测结果表明:栗蚕幼虫中肠的酯酶同工酶活性和酶带数随龄期而增加,且同一龄期以盛食期的酶表达量最高;幼虫中肠及脂肪体中的酯酶同工酶活性较强,并且酶带数较多;2个供试品种间的酯酶同工酶酶谱明显不同。根据酶谱差异分析2个品种的遗传相似系数为0.86,表现出较近的亲缘关系。研究结果提示:栗蚕幼虫酯酶同工酶的酶活性和酶带数与生长发育和组织功能有关,幼虫酯酶同工酶酶谱可以作为分析品种间亲缘关系的依据之一。     

Disturbed Mendelian segregations at isozyme marker loci in early backcrosses of Lolium multiflorum × Festuca pratensis hybrids to L. multiflorum

Summary The segregation of interspecific recombinant Festuca pratensis (Fp) alleles, introgressed into the germolasm of Lolium multiflorum (Lm), at four loci (PGI/2, AcP/2, GOT/3 and BAP) is described. Heterozygous (Lm/Fp) plants were backcrossed to L. multiflorum (2n=2×=14) and subsequent BC2 Lm/Fp sibling genotypes intercrossed.In crosses between BC1 heterozygous plants (Lm/Fp) used as males and L. multiflorum, there was a reduced transmission of the F. pratensis (Donor Parent) derived alleles in the populations with PGI/2 and AcP/2 marker loci compared to the reciprocal cross but the reduction was not significantly different in those with GOT/3 and BAP markers.Two PGI/2 marked BC2 half-sib families in particular exhibited a more extreme deficiency of Fp/Fp progeny plants than anticipated from the BC2 segregations indicating possible linkage to zygotic lethals. Deficiencies of F. pratensis alleles were, in most cases, less marked in BC2 half-sib families indicating that a further round of recombination had reduced the size of the introgressed chromosome segment or that deleterious linkages had been broken. A tendency towards heterozygote advantage was found in one BAP marked halfsib family.The significance for forage grass breeding of reduced transmission rates of Donor Parent alleles in early back-cross generations especially through the male gametes is discussed.     

南农选系草地早熟禾POD同工酶的酶谱特征及与其它品种的差异

利用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳技术对南农选系及16 个当前生产上应用较多的草地早熟禾品种的过氧化物酶同工酶进行了研究。结果表明,供试材料共在18 个位点表现酶带。南农选系表现出13条酶带,除与其它16个品种所共有的6 条主酶带外,还出现了其特有的7 条酶带。对不同品种POD同工酶酶谱信息进行相异性类平均聚类分析,17 个供试品种(系)聚为3 类,其中南农选系、美国品种“Merit”及其它15个品种分别各成一类。据此推测,南农选系与其它供试品种的亲缘关系相对较远,为一个相对独立的品系。     

Screening of Probiotics Inhibiting E. coli K88 in vitro

The probiotics tested in the experiment were isolated from the intestinal of weaning piglets.The isolated probiotics and E.coli K88 were inoculated into the culture of intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1 (IPEC-1).The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured after incubating for 2.5 h.At the same time, the probiotics and E.coli K88 were co-cultured in vitro, the number of E.coli K88 was counted and the probiotics which could be resistant to the E.coli K88 were selected 2.5 h later.The results showed that the Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans could significantly reduce LDH activity (P<0.05), decrease the damage of E.coli K88; Bacillus coagulans could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88.At the same time, Bacillus coagulans could resist high temperature, acid and bile salt.The results showed that Bacillus coagulans strains had great potential as the application of probiotics strains.The methods could be used as a model of screen probiotics which could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88 in vitro.     

中药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪血清酶活性的影响

选取胎次相近（3-5胎）、日龄相同的杜-长-大吮乳仔猪16窝（每窝8-10头）,随机分为4组,分别为中药Ⅰ组、中药Ⅱ组、抗生素组、对照组,前3个处理组在相同的基础日粮中分别添加中药饲料添加剂Ⅰ（4 kg/t）、中药饲料添加剂Ⅱ（4 kg/t）、金霉素（70 g/t）和杆菌肽锌（30 g/t）,每组4窝.各处理组所有仔猪从7日龄开始诱食试验饲粮,直至断奶后28日龄.25日龄断奶时从每窝中选取体重相近的仔猪4-5头,组内合并,每组各18头,于仔猪断奶前3 d,断奶后1、4、7、14、28 d采血,对血清酶指标进行分析,研究中药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪血清酶活性的影响.结果表明,中药饲料添加剂能通过提高断奶仔猪血清AKP活性,降低CK活性,缓解断奶应激,促进仔猪生长.     

Detection and analysis of inter- and intraspecific diversity of Pratylenchus spp. using isozyme markers

The root-lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are an economically important group of plant parasitic nematodes that show high similarity among sibling species. Isozyme patterns obtained by isoelectrofocusing (IEF) were used to differentiate and establish genetic relatedness among Pratylenchus species. A total of 40 populations comprising 9 Pratylenchus species and Radopholus similis from broad host and geographic origins was examined to compare isozyme patterns of esterase (EST), hexoquinase (HK), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Of these systems, only EST, MDH, PGI and PGM were useful for differentiation of P. vulnus , P. goodeyi , P. penetrans , P. scribneri , P. thornei and R. similis populations. The greatest intraspecific diversity was found within P. coffeae based on the isozyme patterns for MDH, PGI and PGM. Intraspecific variability was also detected among R. similis populations, which showed two isozyme patterns in EST and PGI systems. Less intraspecific variation was found within the P. penetrans group. The P. goodeyi population from Cameroon differed from the other populations in this specific group in its MDH, PGI and PGM phenotypes. Highly similar banding patterns of EST, MDH and PGI activity were found among the P. scribneri populations and the one population of P. agilis . A cluster analysis of the 40 populations, generated from the four enzyme banding patterns, produced groupings that broadly matched the previous classification into specific groups, reflecting intraspecific variability in some cases. The results confirm the potential use of isozyme patterns as markers for these nematode species and their value for diagnostic application.     

Genetic variation ofAlnus trabeculosa populations in Japan

Alnus trabeculosa Hand.-Mazz. is classed as “near threatened,” and efforts should be made to conserve the species, but effective action would require understanding of its genetic variation and structure. Therefore, the genetic variation at 12 isozyme loci was examined in seven populations of the species in Japan. The expected heterozygosity within species (H _es=0.222) and the expected heterozygosity within populations (H _ep=0.199) were found to be slightly higher than in most other woody species. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (G _ST=0.146) was also high. The northernmost population had the lowest values for almost all measures of genetic variation, and populations in southern Japan tended to show greater within-population variation than those in northern Japan. The level and distribution of genetic variation in this species might be related to its life history and ecological traits, and distribution history.