枸杞果实发育模式及营养物含量变化研究

通过对枸杞果实发育过程中果实生长模式、碳水化合物、有机酸、Vc、可溶性蛋白质、多糖、类胡萝卜素含量的测定，系统分析它们在果实整个生长发育过程中的动态变化。结果表明枸杞果实发育呈双“S”曲线；可溶性总糖、还原糖含量生长前期变化不明显，近成熟时迅速积累至最高；淀粉含量前期积累，后期降低。成熟时果实中不含淀粉；总酸含量呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势；Vc含量变化总体上呈先升高后降低的变化趋势；果实在发育前期可溶性蛋白质含量较低。随后升高。至花后27d达最高峰，以后逐渐减少；多糖、类胡萝卜素含量在发育前期较低，于花后27d迅速增加，到成熟时达最大值。     

Pea extracellular Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase responsive to signal molecules from a fungal pathogen

We previously reported that the release of O₂ ⁻ from isolated pea cell walls was enhanced by a 70-kDa glycoprotein elicitor but was suppressed by mucin-type glycopeptide suppressors (supprescins A and B) prepared from pycnospore germination fluid of Mycosphaerella pinodes, causal agent of Mycosphaerella blight of pea. Here, we show that superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the apoplast fluid/cell wall of pea seedlings responds to the fungal elicitor and suppressor molecules. In a pharmacological study and with internal amino acid sequencing, the apoplastic SOD in a pea cultivar Midoriusui was found to be a Cu/Zn type SOD. We cloned a full-length cDNA of the Cu/Zn-SOD and designated it as PsCu/Zn-SOD1. An increase in PsCu/Zn-SOD1 mRNA and the PsCu/Zn-SOD1 protein was induced by treatment with the elicitor more intensively than by wounding. Such induction by the elicitor or wounding, however, was inhibited by the concomitant presence of supprescins. The SOD activity of recombinant PsCu/Zn-SOD1 was regulated directly by these signal molecules in a manner similar to their effect on the SOD activity in the apoplastic fluid and in the cell wall-bound proteins. Based on these findings, we discuss a role for PsCu/Zn-SOD1 in the pea defense response. The nucleotide sequence data of PsCu/Zn-SOD1 reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession number AB189165.     

Genetic diversity decreases as population density declines: Implications of temporal variation in mitochondrial haplotype frequencies in a natural population of Tscherskia triton

Although the spatial genetic differentiation that occurs in animal populations has been extensively studied, information on temporal variations in genetic structure and diversity is still lacking, especially for animals with oscillating populations. In the present study, we used the mtDNA D‐loop sequence to assess the temporal genetic variation in samples from six successive years for the greater long‐tailed hamster, Tscherskia triton. Sampling was carried out between 1998 and 2003 in cropland on the North China Plain, China. A total of 108 individuals were analyzed. The temporal samples showed a high level of genetic diversity. Substantial genetic changes in haplotype frequencies over time were detected for the hamster population. Random genetic drift and migration are likely to be the major factors responsible for the observed temporal pattern. The genetic diversity of the hamster population was higher in years with higher population density, and lower in years with lower population density. The result supports our hypothesis that genetic diversity decreases when population density declines in animals whose population oscillates greatly between years. The combined effects of inbreeding and genetic drift caused by reproduction, dispersal and population size might play important roles in the observed changes in genetic structure and diversity between years.     

Diurnal variations in gas exchange,chlorophyll fluorescence quenching and light allocation in soybean leaves: The cause for midday depression in CO2 assimilation

Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence quenching analysis were carried out to investigate the diurnal variations in photosynthesis and light allocation in leaves of soybean. Leaf net CO₂ assimilation rate showed a bimodal diurnal pattern and midday depression of CO₂ assimilation was observed at 13:00 h. Depression in CO₂ assimilation at midday was mostly attributed to non-stomatal limitation since the reduction in net CO₂ assimilation rate was not followed by significant reductions in stomatal conductance and intracellular CO₂ concentration. Midday depression in CO₂ assimilation was found to be associated with reversible inactivation of photosystem II reaction centers and increases of antenna heat dissipation and photorespiration in response to the high light intensity. It is likely that PS II down-regulation, heat dissipation and photorespiration co-operated together to prevent the chloroplast from photodamage.     

新疆野生龙蒿分布及其综合开发利用

通过对新疆龙蒿生物学、生态学特性以及在新疆区域分布的阐述，并结合龙蒿目前综合开发和利用的现状分析，提出了新疆龙蒿综合开发和利用的前景。     

草地早熟禾愈伤组织遗传转化受体系统的建立

以草地早熟禾成熟胚为外植体，并去除部分胚乳，或用浓盐酸处理，选择NB＋2，4-D2mg／L为诱导培养基，NB＋6-BA2mg／L为分化培养基，1／2NB＋IAA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L为生根培养基，建立了这些品种的胚性愈伤组织高频诱导与再生系统，确定了G418（40-50mg／L）Hpt（50mg／L）的筛选临界浓度，确定了最佳分化时间，探讨了建立草地早熟禾转化受体系统的必要条件。     

多年生黑麦草高频再生体系的建立及优化

从外植体预处理方式、基本培养基、激素浓度等方面着手,对多年生黑麦草愈伤组织诱导、继代、不定芽分化及再生过程中的影响因素进行了研究,提高了再生频率。结果如下：切取胚端半粒种子,经75%乙醇处理1min,0.1%HgCl处理15min,在经无菌水清洗4～6次后接种方式较好;愈伤组织诱导培养基以MS＋2,4—D 8.0 mg/L（或另添加甘露醇25 g/L）为佳;愈伤组织接种于MS＋2,4—D 8.0mg/L＋甘露醇25 g/L上进行1～2次继代后于NB＋6—BA2.0 mg/L上进行分化;不定芽转接至MS＋6—BA2.0 mg/L上进行扩繁或于1/2MS＋NAA0.5mg/L＋IAA0.5mg/L上进行生根。     

Microsatellite markers based assessment of genetic diversity in Iranian olive (Olea europaea L.) collections

To study the genetic variation in Iranian olive collections and some foreign olive cultivars, 47 accessions of 18 local cultivars from 6 olive collections of Iran (Roudbar, Zanjan, Ahvaz, Dezful, Kazeroon and Shiraz), were analyzed along with 30 imported cultivars using 16 microsatellite primer pairs. All the used microsatellite loci revealed polymorphism in the studied genotypes, except GAPU14 and GAPU113 markers. Fourteen microsatellite primers amplified 126 polymorphic alleles in the 87 selected olive accessions. The average number of alleles per locus was 9, ranging from 3 to 14. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.85. The genetic similarity based on Jaccard coefficient ranged from 0.15 to 1. The genetic relationships among accessions were investigated using cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Most of the accessions with the same name were grouped together; some exceptions were also observed. As expected, close relationship was observed among accessions within same cultivar. Most of the Iranian olive accessions were clustered to a main distinct group. Two-dimensional scatter plot of principal component analysis revealed a clear separation of most of the Iranian olives from Syrian and other introduced cultivars. These suggest that Iranian cultivars have different origin related to West Mediterranean basin cultivars and have evolved independently from the others. Between and within Iranian and foreign cultivars (cultivars including three or more accessions) genetic diversity was analyzed using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). AMOVA revealed higher within cultivar genetic variation (62.76%) as compare to that between cultivar variations (37.24%). The intra- and inter-cultivar variance tested by permutation test showed significant genetic variation at both levels. The high level within cultivar genetic variance could be due to mislabeling and presence of homonyms in cultivars produced by vegetative propagation from original plants.     

女贞果实色素特性研究

从女贞果实中提取色素,对其进行分离纯化,测定其光谱;并采用正交设计方法对女贞果实色素的稳定性进行试验.结果表明:女贞果实色素在20℃,pH值2,氧化剂浓度为0.01%的情况下稳定性好;同时表明pH值对其稳定性影响很小;温度达到80℃时该色素受到破坏,氧化剂(H2O2)的浓度很低时(0.01%),色素就会受到破坏.     

低温胁迫对东方山羊豆幼苗生理特性的影响

以东方山羊豆及敖汉苜蓿为材料,研究低温胁迫对东方山羊豆和敖汉苜蓿可溶性蛋白含量、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质的影响.结果表明:在低温胁迫下,东方山羊豆及敖汉苜蓿脯氨酸含量、SOD、POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量先上升后下降.经对几项生理指标的综合分析,认为东方山羊豆比敖汉苜蓿具较强的抗低温能力.