苯醚甲环唑拌种对小麦根际微生物群落的影响

小麦茎基腐病是我国北方小麦主产区的重大病害,对小麦安全生产造成严重威胁。化学农药的使用是最直接有效的防治方法,在植物病害防治中发挥重要作用。苯醚甲环唑是一种具有较高安全性的三唑类杀菌剂。本课题前期明确了苯醚甲环唑拌种对小麦茎基腐病有一定的防治效果,且促生增产,但其对小麦根际微生物的影响尚不清楚。本文研究了苯醚甲环唑拌种对茎基腐病田中小麦根际土壤微生物的影响,结果表明,苯醚甲环唑拌种处理对小麦分蘖期,拔节期和灌浆期根际微生物的alpha和beta多样性均无显著影响,但使分蘖期镰孢属的相对丰度显著降低。微生物共现网络分析表明,苯醚甲环唑拌种处理提高了细菌网络的复杂性,降低了真菌网络复杂性,使植株根际微生物网络更接近健康植株根际的特征。该研究从根际微生物的角度为苯醚甲环唑防治小麦茎基腐病的机制研究及对土壤微生物的安全性评价提供理论依据。     

电磁式电流互感器误差特性的分析

通过对电磁式电流互感器误差特性的分析，提出了互感器在正常工作时应注意的问题，进而提高互感器测量和保护的可靠性。     

Soil bacterial characteristics between surface and subsurface soils along a precipitation gradient in the Alxa Desert,China

Bacteria in desert soil have unique phylogeny and important ecological functions, and theirresponses to changes in precipitation need further attention. However, relevant studies have mainlyfocused on the surface soil, and studies on the responses of bacteria at different soil depths to variationsin precipitation are rare. Thus, we used 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to investigate the changesin soil bacterial distribution along a mean annual precipitation gradient (50–150 mm) in the Alxa Desert,China, and compared the variation characteristics in the surface soil layer (0–10 cm) and subsurface soillayer (10–20 cm). Results showed that soil bacterial communities significantly changed along theprecipitation gradient in both soil layers. However, the subsurface soil layer could support bacterialcommunities with higher diversity and closer internal relationships but more internal competition than thesurface soil layer. Additionally, compared with the surface soil layer, variations in diversity andco-occurrence patterns in the subsurface soil layer were more in line with the changes in the mean annualprecipitation, while bacterial community structure was less variable in the subsurface soil layer. Comparedwith the mean annual precipitation, soil moisture had little influence on the structure and diversity of soilbacterial community but had a high correlation with intercommunity connectivity. Therefore, soilmoisture might play a complex role in mediating environmental conditions and soil bacterial communitycharacteristics. Due to the different responses of surface and subsurface soil bacteria to the changes inprecipitation, it is necessary to distinguish different soil layers when predicting the trends in desert soilbacterial conditions associated with precipitation, and prediction of subsurface soil bacteria may be moreaccurate.     

不同年代废弃的铅锌矿渣堆中重金属的动态变化

分别调查了堆积时间在10、20和近100a的铅锌矿渣堆,埋深在10、30、60cm的重金属含量变化情况。结果表明,由于雨水的淋溶作用和酸化,矿渣堆表层的重金属随堆积时间延长而减少,在100a的矿渣堆中,表层的铅含量仅有575.51mg·kg-1,但下层含量却达到5144.57mg·kg-1。在这些矿渣堆中,可溶性铅的含量也较高,最高达到了453.48mg·kg-1,而堆积20a和10a的矿渣中表层的重金属含量减少的程度较小,可溶性铅含量也相对小,最高含量分别为197.1mg·kg-1和50.11mg·kg-1。在堆积初期,表层的可溶态重金属含量较高,随时间的推移,下层含量逐渐增加,在某一个历史时期超过上层。     

一种基于混合纹理特征的木板材表面缺陷检测方法

利用计算机视觉技术检测木板材表面缺陷。提出了一种基于混合纹理特征的表面缺陷检测算法,能准确、鲁棒地检测出木板材表面图像中是否有缺陷。首先,分别使用灰度共生矩阵方法、Gabor滤波方法和几何不变矩方法提取了10个优化后的图像纹理及尺度、平移、旋转不变特征;然后,对特征向量进行有效组合;最后,基于融合后的混合纹理特征向量,应用BP人工神经网络对样本集进行训练和检测。实验表明,该方法能准确地对木板材表面缺陷进行检测,平均检测成功率达96.2%。     

云南绿汁江河谷区葡萄延迟栽培技术规程

云南绿汁江河谷是云南省最早开展葡萄延迟栽培的产区,该技术已辐射到宾川、建水、元谋等干热河谷区。本技术规程规定了绿汁江地区延迟栽培的品种与苗木选择、园地选址与规划、种植方法、棚架结构、肥水管理、整形修剪、花果管理、病虫害防治等。     

发酵桂叶渣挥发性芳香气体成分固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用分析研究

采用顶空固相微萃取气质联用的方法分析发酵桂叶渣的挥发性香味成分,固相微萃取的条件为:萃取时间10 min,萃取温度90℃,色谱分离得到106种挥发性成分,66种可被鉴定,其主成分为乙酸乙酯(8.375%)、己酸丁酯(6.337%)、丁酸丁酯(4.866%)、δ荜澄茄烯(4.612%)、r衣兰油烯(4.405%)、α衣兰油烯(3.416%)、古巴烯(3.313%)等。     

基于共现网络的关键微生物对秸秆还田土壤小麦产量的影响

秸秆施用对作物产量影响效应不一致的机理尚不清楚,可能与秸秆施用诱导的土壤关键微生物群落组成及其丰度变化对产量影响的机理挖掘不够深入有关。选择红壤和黄褐土进行小麦盆栽实验,设置不同秸秆施用水平（S₀、S₁₀、S₃₀,分别为0、10、30 g·kg^-1土）,基于细菌-真菌共现网络评估微生物生态集群、酶活性、化学性质对秸秆施用下小麦产量的影响。结果表明,施用秸秆显著提升了两种土壤的速效养分、可溶性有机碳、微生物生物量碳含量及土壤酶（淀粉酶、转化酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶）活性,但红壤上小麦产量随着秸秆施用量增加显著增加,而黄褐土上则随着秸秆施用量增加而显著降低。与S₀相比,红壤中S₁₀和S₃₀处理的籽粒重和地上部生物量分别提升33%～44%和73%～85%,黄褐土中则分别降低22%～25%和55%。共现网络中两个关键生态集群的丰度、酶活性、土壤化学性质的共同正效应影响了红壤小麦产量变化,而关键生态集群丰度对黄褐土小麦产量变化有更大的正效应。秸秆施用显著增加了红壤中与小麦产量正相关的Aspergillus丰度,显著降低了黄褐土中与小麦产量正相关的Bacillus、Burkholderia、Basidiobolus丰度。综上,秸秆施用后红壤中关键有益微生物丰度增加、酶活性增强、化学性质改善叠加作用使小麦产量提升;而黄褐土上小麦产量降低主要与关键有益微生物丰度降低有关,其效应超过化学性质和酶活性的改善。以上结果暗示关键微生物丰度的改变对秸秆还田土壤上作物产量变异有重要影响。     

Integrated analysis reveals an association between the rhizosphere microbiome and root rot of arecanut palm

The rhizosphere microbial community is crucial to plant health. Many studies have explored the association between the rhizosphere microbiome and plant disease. However, few studies have focused on root rot in arecanut palm, a disease causing devastating effects and thus resulting in economic losses that considerably affect the development of the arecanut industry. Here, rhizosphere samples were collected from both healthy arecanut palm plants and root-rotted arecanut palm plants, and the microbial communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. The root-rotted samples exhibited distinct microbial community richness, diversity, and composition compared with the healthy samples, which was associated with pH according to the Mantel test. Identified potential plant pathogens, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chytridiomycota, and Mortierellomycota, were significantly enriched in the root-rotted samples. In contrast, potentially beneficial plant microbes, such as Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes, were significantly depleted in the root-rotted samples. Co-occurrence networks were constructed to further identify microbial relationships in the root-rotted samples. These findings revealed ecological imbalance among beneficial bacteria in the root-rotted samples. The present study therefore provides an integrated view of the association between the microbial community and root rot in arecanut palm.     

基于Web of Science文献计量的我国节水农业研究态势分析

为了解我国节水农业领域的最新研究热点和发展趋势,借助Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库,以“节水农业”为主题进行高级检索,选取1990—2021年中国学者发表的3 775篇文献,利用CiteSpace、VOSviewer、HistCite可视化分析软件,从年发文量、学科分布、发文期刊、研究机构、研究学者、主要研究热点及其变化趋势等指标进行计量分析。结果表明：1）从1990—2021年,我国节水农业领域文献的数量整体呈上升趋势;2）所涉及的学科以水资源学为主,占文献总数的28.9%;3）发文量前三的学术期刊为Agricultural Water Management、Water和Journal of Cleaner Production;4）发文的主要研究机构有中国科学院、中国农业大学以及西北农林科技大学;5）引文分析的关键词突发性检测发现开垦、华北平原、沟灌及增氧灌溉是近五年的重要研究热点。总而言之,我国节水农业研究已有大量基础,在作物高效用水机理、农业用水精量调配与控制、水肥一体化等方面取得了一定的进展,但在水肥一体化智能控制及其对作物、土壤、环境、社会等综合效应等...